See the Acknowledgments for collections and archives used for this book. In addition, I consulted numerous lawsuits and government documents, including the Congressional Record, various hearings on coffee, FTC reports, the State Department’s country study volumes, and the like. Articles from the business press and popular magazines rounded out the research, along with various Web sites.
LIST OF INTERVIEWS
The following interviews were conducted December 1, 1995-March 15, 1999, and July 1, 2008-November 1, 2009.
David Abedon
Betty Hannstein Adams
Richard N. Adams
Walter Adams
Pamela Aden
Mané Alves
Dominic Ammirati
Tommy Ammirati
Irene Angelico
Andrea Appelwick
Jose Julio Arivillaga
José Armado Cheves
Philip Aronson
Steve Aronson
Donald Atha
Peter Baer
Albert Baez
Lamar Bagby
Jerry Baldwin
Gonzalo Barillas
Jairo Alfonso Bautista
Stephen Bauer
Andrea Bass
Bert Beekman
Ed Behr
Frank Bendaña
Ian Bersten
Bernie Biedak
Jack Binek
G. Barry “Skip” Blakely
Oren Bloostein
George Boecklin
Lindsey Bolger
Jim Bowe
Dennis Boyer
Kathy Brahimi
Edward Bramah
Don Breen
Anthony Bucalo
Ray Bustos
Monica Patricia Caceres
Gabriel Cadena Goméz
Jim Cannell
Anthony Caputo
Silvia Carboni
María del Carmén Cálix
Roger Castellon Orué
Tim Castle
Karen Cebreros
Andrea Chacón
Esperanza Chacón
Tom Charleville
Joe Charleville
Holly Chase
Michael Chu
Stephen Coats
Bob Cody
Major Cohen
Jerry Collins
Steve Colten
Paul Comey
Peter Condaxis
Ron Cortez
Neal Cowan
Dan Cox
Paul Crocetta
Joaquin Cuadra Lacayo
David Dallis
Kenneth Davids
Gwilym Davies
Stuart Daw
Martin Diedrich
David Donaldson
Herb Donaldson
Pablo Dubois
Owen Dugan
Kimberly Easson
Mike Ebert
Laura Edghill
Craig Edwards
Marty Elkin
Rob Everts
Moreno Faina
Francis Miles Filleul
Myra Fiore
Gary Fischer
Bill Fishbein
Victoria Fisichelli
Jaime Fortuño
Brian Franklin
Hideko Furukawa
Paul Gallant
Ryan Gamble
Fred Gardner
Patrice Gautier
Gianfranco Giotta
Peter Giuliano
Stephen Gliessman
Miguel Gomez
Jorge Gonzalez
Jane Goodall
Larry Gorchow
Sterling Gordon
Angel Martin Granados Gonzales
Sanja Gould
David Griswold
Carolyn Hall
Doug Hall
Tom Harding
Jerry Harrington
Barbara Hausner
Dub Hay
Adalheidur Hedinsdottir
Carmen Hernandez Melendez
David Higgins
Eirikur Hilmarsson
Will Hobhouse
Don Holly
Fred Houk Jr.
John J. Hourihan
George Howell
John Hughes
Richard von Hunersdorff
Andrea Illy
Ernesto Illy
Susan Irwin
Jorge Isaac Mendez
Jay Isais
Roberta Jaffe
Stephen Jaffe
Michael Jimenez
Phil Johnson
Chuck Jones
Phil Jones
Phyllis Jordan
Julius Kahn
Jeanne Kail
Elizabeth Kane
Paul Katzeff
Frederick S. M. Kawuma
Jim Kharouf
Trina Kleist
Kevin Knox
Erna Knutsen
Suryakant Kothari
Russ Kramer
Stanley Kuehn
Eddy Kühl
Edward Kvetko
David Latimer
David Latourelle
Gerardo Leon-York
Carl Leonard
Robert Letovsky
Eduardo Libreros
Earl Lingle
Jim Lingle
Ted Lingle
Celcius Lodder
Peter Longo
Bill McAlpin
Sandy McAlpine
Joe McBratney
Jane McCabe
Colin McClung
Rella MacDougall
Alton McEwen
Becky McKinnon
Carrie MacKillop
Charlie Magill
Ruth Magill
Mitchell Margulis
Oscar Marin
John Martinez
John Mastro
Tom Matzen
Scott McMartin
Ernesto Mendez
Maritza Midence
Sherri Miller
Bruce Milletto
Doug Mitchell
Graham Mitchell
Shirin Moayyad
Melissa Maria Molina Icias
Raul Molina Mejia
Klaus Monkemüller
Fernando Montes
Dave Moran
Steve Morris
Steve Moynihan
Kerry Muir
Marsha Nagley-Moody
Donna Neal
Robert Nelson
Stanley Newkirk
Frank O’Dea
Toshi Okamoto
Kate Olgiati
Samuel Olivieri
Dave Olsen
Simeon Onchere
Nestor Osorio
Carlos Paniagua Zuñiga
Alfred Peet
Humberto Peña
Tony Pennachio
Alvaro Peralta Gedea
Hector Perez Brignoli
Laura Peterson
Price Peterson
Marino Petracco
Rick Peyser
Jon Phelps
Dawn Pinaud
Ruben Pineda Fagioli
Jaime Polit
Joanne Ranney
Paul Ralston
Alejandro Renijo
Luciano Repetto
Jim Reynolds
Ric Rhinehart
Dory Rice
Paul Rice
Robert Rice
Stefano Ripamonti
Mark Ritchie
Claudia Roden
Connie Roderick
Oscar Rodriguez
Edgar Rojas
Jonathan Rosenthal
Kris Rosentrater
Neil Rosser
Steve Sabol
Mario Samper
Marcus Samuelson
Luz Maria Sánchez
Grady Saunders
Matt Saurage
Donald Schoenholt
David Schomer
Steve Schulman
Howard Schultz
Mary Seggerman
Jo Shannon
Joanne Shaw
Elise Wolter Sherman
Roberio Silva<
br />
Michael Slater
Julio C. Solozano
Duane Sorenson
Susie Spindler
Jim Stewart
Bob Stiller
William Stixrud
David Stoll
Dana Stone
David Stonehill
Norm Storkel
Mike Sullivan
Alecia Swasy
Gary Talboy
Karen Techeira
Josh Tewksbury
Dave Tilgner
Peter Torrebiarte
Steven Topik
Art Trotman
Timothy Tulloch
Jim Twiford
Mark Upson
Ricardo Valvidieso
Jerry Van Horne
Matt Vanek
Pablo Vargas Morales
Roland Veit
Rodrigo Veloso
Marcelo Vieira
Carter Vincent
Patty Vincent
Bill Walters
Irwin Warren
Geoff Watts
Craig Weicker
Jon Wettstein
Jonathan White
Robert L. White
Elizabeth Whitlow
T. Carroll Wilson
Randy Wirth
Guy Wood
Jeremy Woods
Sandy Wynne
Sandy Yusen
Saul Zabar
Cecelia Zarate-Laum
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
Front Matter and Part Openers
Frontispiece: Ukers, All About Coffee.
Kaldi and his goats (p. 1): Ukers, All About Coffee.
Arbuckle Brothers ad (p. 107): Simmons Spice Mill, June 1916, 597.
Postwar diner (p. 213): Holiday, September 1949, 65.
Frasier photo (p. 263): Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, August 1998.
Author with Herman Gabriel Camel (p. 386): Photo by Betty Hannstein Adams.
Insert One
Arab sipping coffee: Ukers, All About Coffee.
Womens Petition Against Coffee: Ukers, All About Coffee.
Cross-section of a coffee cherry: Knox and Huffaker, Coffee Basics, illustration by Steve Katagiri.
Families harvesting in Guatemala: CIRMA organization, Antigua, Guatemala. Lt. Gabriel Mathieu: Ukers, All About Coffee.
Factory workers: Ukers, All About Coffee.
Lion Coffee package: Arbuckles’ Coffee Museum, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Arbuckles’ Ariosa Coffee package: Arbuckles’ Coffee Museum, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Ariosa poster: Fugate, Arbuckles.
John Arbuckle: Spice Mill, September 1910, cover.
The Corner in Coffee illustration: Brady, The Corner in Coffee.
Mayan workers: Stanford University Special Collections.
Hermann Sielcken: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, October 1921, 20a.
Joel Cheek: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, January 1905, 19.
Women working in the United States: Spice Mill, December 1913, 1244.
Women working in Central America: Spice Mill, December 1913, 1244.
1909 “cuppers”: Spice Mill, April 1909, 231.
George Norris cartoon: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, June 1911, 446.
C. W. Post drawing: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, April 1911, 277.
Postum ad: Brad Becker Collection.
Melinda P. Kyle: Spice Mill, November 1912, 949.
“Roastem” cartoon: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, July 1910, 45.
Maxwell House ad: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, May 1921, 611.
Jewel Tea cartoon: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, October 1933, 316.
“Wagon men”: Miller, Jewel Tea Company.
Insert Two
“Coffee An Aid to Factory Efficiency” poster: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, February 1921, 205.
G. Washington cartoon: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, February 1920, 266.
“Good Coffee” car: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, July 1905, 35. 1930s flight attendant: 1931 advertisement, author’s collection.
Alice Foote MacDougall: MacDougall, Autobiography.
1920s Italian coffeehouse: MacDougall, Autobiography.
1934 cartoon ad: 1934 advertisement, author’s collection.
“Mr. Coffee Nerves”: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, May 1936, 390.
“Golly, Mis’ Maria”: Hartman Center, Duke University.
Jitterbug poster: 1939 World’s Fair ad, author’s collection.
Mae West and Charlie McCarthy: The Harvard Theatre Collection, The Houghton Library.
Kenya coffee poster: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, June 1937, 349.
Eleanor Roosevelt: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, September 1941, 16.
WWII GIs: Coffee, 1948.
WWII soldiers cartoon: Bill Mauldin, Up Front.
“Amazing Coffee Discovery!”: Hartman Collection, Duke University.
“The Coffee Break” cartoon: Wall Street Journal.
Frank Sinatra: Coffee 5, no. 1 (January 1947): 2.
Chock full o’ Nuts ad: Quinn, Scientific Marketing of Coffee.
U.S. housewives in Paraná: Time, March 1, 1954, 33.
Hills Bros. ad: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, January 1966, 38.
Juan Valdez: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, January 1960, 24.
Wontkins Muppet: Quinn, Scientific Marketing of Coffee.
Insert Three
Alfred Peet: Jim Reynolds.
Baby Boom hippies: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, January 1970, 27.
Baldwin, Bowker, and Siegl: Jerry Baldwin’s collection. Photo by Frank Denman.
Erna Knutsen: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, November 1974, 18.
Campesino cartoon: Jonas and Tobis, eds., Guatemala.
Robert Young: Madison Avenue, May 1984, 83.
Folger’s Mrs. Olson: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, January 1979, 23.
“Don’t Drink Coffee” pin: Time, January 17, 1977, 46-47.
Ugandan coffee poster: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, August 1965, 28.
Folgers/Maxwell House boxing cartoon: Fortune, July 17, 1978, 68, cartoon by Jack Davis.
Far Side cartoon: The Far Side by Gary Larson.
Don Schoenholt: Donald Schoenholt collection.
Equal Exchange ad: Equal Exchange.
Screaming Man cartoon: Robert Therrien, “Screaming Man on Caffeine,” 1991.
Taster’s Choice commercial: McCann-Erickson.
Starbucks mermaid logo: Original mermaid, Jerry Baldwin, drawn by Terry Heckler.
In These Times cover: In These Times, November 11, 1996, cover.
Howard Schultz: Rosanne Olson.
Bird label: Gold Valley Farms, West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Shaded plantation: Russ Kramer.
Bill Fishbein: Coffee Kids.
Fair Trade logo: TransFair USA.
Too Much Coffee Man: Shannon Wheeler, Adhesive Comics.
INDEX
A & P. See Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company
Aborn, Edward and Ed Jr.
Abyssinia. See also Ethiopia
Adams, Abigail
Adams, Betty Hannstein
Adams, James S.
Adams, John
Adams, Samuel Hopkins
Adulterants. See also Coffee: substitutes for
Advertising
advertising allowances
negative ads
by radio/television
Africa
African Americans
Aga, Soliman
Alaska
Alcohol. See also Beer
Alien Property Act
All About Coffee (Ukers)
Allen, Frederick Lewis
Almeida Prado, Francisco Augusto
American Can Company
American Coffee Corporation
American Psychiatric Association
American Retail Federation
American Sugar Refining Company
Amin
Amos ‘n’ Andy radio show
Anderson, Jack
Anderson, Thomas
Angelico, Irene
Angola
Anti-chain legislation
Appendicitis
Arabs
Arbenz Guzmán, Jacobo
Arbuckle, John and Charles
premium program of
Arduino, Teresio
Arévalo, Juan José
Argentina
Argus (Albany, New York)
Arnold, Benjamin
Arnold, Edwin Lester
Aro Coffee
Aron, J.
Aronson, Steve
Asner, Ed
Assassinations
Associated Coffee Industries of America
Association of Coffee Producing Countries (ACPG)
Atha, Frank P.
Atrocities. See also Death squads; Massacres
Attala, Jorge Wolney
Automobiles
Avicenna (Arabian physician)
Baba Budan
Baby boomers
Bach, Johann Sebastian
Baldwin, Jerry
Balzac, Honoré de
Balzac, Richard
Bankruptcies
Banks
Barillas, Lisandro
Baristas
Barnouw, Erik
Barrios, Justo Rufino (General)
Beecham, R. K. (Captain)
Beekman, Bert
Beer
Beeson, Emmet
Beethoven, Ludwig van
Belgian Congo
Benitez, Sandra
Benton and Bowles agency
Bentz, Melitta
Berlin, Irving
Bernardes, Artur da Silva
Bersten, Ian
Bezzera, Luigi
B. Friele & Sons
B. G. Arnold & Company
Bible
Bickford, Clarence
Biedak, Bernie
Billings, John
Biodiversity
Birds
Bitter Grounds (Benitez)
Black, William
Blackburn, Joseph E.
Black Coffee and Black Gold (documentaries)
Blue Mountain coffee
Boecklin, George
Bogotá Group
Bolger, Lindsey
Boom and bust cycle
Boston
Boston Tea Party, The (Labaree)
Boston Transcript
Bourke-White, Margaret
Bovee, William
Bowie Dash & Company
Bowker, Gordon
Bowles, Chester
Boycotts
Brady, Cyrus Townsend
Brandenstein, Mannie
Brands
Braun, Stephen
Brazil
Banco do Estado do São Paulo
Brazilian Coffee Institute (IBC)
coffee syndicate in
crop failure in
destruction of coffee in
frost in
funding American advertising
growing and harvesting coffee in
New Republic government
Paraná
Santos
São Paulo
valorization schemes of
See also Coffee: Brazilian coffee
Britain
British East India Company
Broca do café (coffee borer)
Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World Page 48