by Ali Bader
Si Muammar said in his own defense, “Why not? It’s a philosophy that depends on the art of living an idle life.”
Indignant, Abd al-Rahman asked, “Do you consider laziness a philosophy!”
Si Muammar went on explaining his way of life. “It’s true; I don’t work and I live off my girlfriend. I’m a parasite who feeds on other people’s blood; this is my philosophy in life.”
Ahmad asked him, “Are you proud of yourself?”
Before he could answer, Abd al-Rahman intervened. “Ahmad lives at my expense but he doesn’t boast about it.” He had no qualms about embarrassing his friend.
Si Muammar was amused and replied, “Why not? I am proud of it. Take colonialism for example. It feeds on the blood of the people that are colonized. I rejected it. I didn’t put myself at its disposal. I don’t contribute to life at all. I came to France to live off the colonizer’s female population, and I’m totally at peace with myself. Their men sleep with our women there, and we sleep with their women here.” Nader was greatly amused by Si Muammar’s words.
Abd al-Rahman asked Si Muammar if he was studying philosophy at a Parisian university. “No,” he replied. “I studied literature but I didn’t finish my studies. I discovered that it all was a terrible lie, so I stopped. Those are all falsified facts, believe me.” Abd al-Rahman asked him to explain what he meant, and Si Muammar happily obliged. “Literature and philosophy,” he said, “are falsified facts established by the powerful and the wealthy, and I don’t care for either literature or philosophy.”
“What interests you then?” asked Abd al-Rahman.
“The sorcerers and the exiled.” Nader interrupted. “Those are the wise men sleeping in the brothels in a fog of hashish.” He then laughed loudly and was joined by Ahmad. Pressing his position, Abd al-Rahman asked, “Do you consider such matters a philosophy?”
Nader explained, “It’s passive resistance.” Abd al-Rahman asked him where he lived and evoked a lengthy explanation: “I live close to the Debussy Market. I have a room that overlooks the market, and I sleep to the sound of merchants, greengrocers, and the shouts of the grilled-chicken sellers. I like this place because it reminds me of the popular souks in the Arab world.”
Soon after, their female Algerian friend arrived and greeted them with a hoarse bonjour in what sounded like the voice of a man coming out of the hammam. Si Muammar introduced her as his friend Aisha, calling his new acquaintances “our philosopher friends from Iraq,” a designation that Abd al-Rahman disliked and considered a mockery. When they left, Abd al-Rahman and Ahmad sat face to face. The philosopher was clearly dismayed by the insignificant issues “that clochard” considered to be a philosophy.
The singular impression Si Muammar left on the philosopher was that he was a superficial man. Though Abd al-Rahman was well aware that philosophy was theoretical and that existentialism had a practical side, he also knew that the theory was its creative and foundational element. Everyone knows that existentialism came about as a reaction to abstract philosophy, but one must admit that abstraction is the basis of philosophy. Existentialism cannot reject abstraction without the aid of abstraction, since it is based on abstraction. Can, therefore, Abd al-Rahman be considered bereft of any philosophy?! If so, what would be the meaning of those superficial actions, totally lacking a theoretical framework or formulation, undertaken by pickpockets, beggars, thieves, and drug addicts?
Braking his silence, the philosopher declared, “This hashish addict seems proud of his ideas.”
“He’s superficial,” said Ahmad.
Abd al-Rahman added, “Insignificant.”
The truth of the matter is that Abd al-Rahman was interested in Si Muammar’s words only to the degree they would help him reach the waitress. He felt this scoundrel did not need the waitress, because he had an Algerian girlfriend who physically was not bad at all, though her face was pale and skinny. Si Muammar seemed proud of their friendship and showed clearly that his relationship with the Café de Flore waitress was based only on casual interest, the parasitic relationship of a blood-sucking bug. Despite Si Muammar’s political interpretation, his position was weak, simply the relation of an oppressed masculinity with a female symbolizing the conqueror. Making love to her was his way of taking his revenge and humiliating the colonizer.
Abd al-Rahman concluded that Si Muammar would give up his French girlfriend in the end, and he, Abd al-Rahman would win her over without any feelings of guilt. When he returned to his room in Gay-Lussac he realized that the encounter had not been a total success, but still the path to his waitress was now more easily traversed.
The event was magnified in his dreams and took on a heroic aspect. Head on the pillow, the philosopher saw a forest, streets, long alleys, two lakes separated by parks, and playgrounds. He imagined a horse-drawn carriage moving through the forest paths while the heavyset driver chatted about the importance of the place. Throughout the forest there were buildings, swimming pools, huge trees, and beautiful lakes. He saw himself walking with the waitress, lying on the ground with her, and relaxing in the shadow of a tree as he brushed over the panty-line beneath her skirt. A violin player added to the romantic atmosphere. Her lips were trembling and her eyes softening. She pulled him close and, shivering with pleasure, gave him a passionate kiss. Just then a bird let go its droppings into his eye. Unperturbed, he wiped them off, unwilling to stop kissing the waitress. The bird droppings continued to land on his face, however, and finally awakened him from his sleep. The upstairs tenant’s bathroom had flooded and was leaking from his ceiling and onto his face.
29
Abd al-Rahman left his apartment and wandered along the Rue Saint-Michel. He was filled with a sense of energy, having awakened without the help of the alarm clock. He wanted to forget past events but was reluctant to give up thinking about the waitress, despite her unpleasant attitude toward him. He was convinced that she was nicer to Si Muammar, Sartre, and the other philosophers who frequented the café. He was somehow convinced that this was her way of being reserved with him or possibly a clever strategy on her part, an instinctive woman’s skill. He found excuses for her comportment, but they were not in his favor.
He took the metro toward Saint-Germain-des-Prés. The train car was crowded, and the rush of passengers grabbing at the empty seats upset him immensely. He swore at them as he settled into a seat, thinking of the days ahead when he would become the waitress’ lover. Their daily encounters at the café and elsewhere would make Si Muammar jealous, maybe even Sartre as well. This notion comforted him and made him more tolerant of the passengers getting on and off at each stop.
He hesitantly pushed open the door of Café de Flore and saw Sartre sitting at a table with Simone de Beauvoir and three other friends. Sartre was talking in an ugly voice that sounded like the Khudayri family’s rooster. The waitress stood behind a wooden bar near Sartre’s table. He approached her with a smile and was certain that Si Muammar had told her about him. She was wearing a smile that might be construed as an expression of admiration. He felt liberated, now convinced that his assumptions were correct and that the waitress had fallen head over heels in love with him. He desired her even more, and when he turned to her he was nervous. Her red lips, rosy cheeks, blue eyes, and bulging breasts made him dizzy. He fell silent when she asked him in a neutral tone, still smiling, “Would you like to order something?” In a soft and low voice he said, “No, no.” A strong dart of desire convulsed him.
“Very good, then, you’ll have to leave,” she replied. He was shocked and asked for an explanation.
“You can stay if you order something.” He provided a reason for his presence that he hoped would open up new horizons for him, “I came to see Si Muammar.”
“He hasn’t come in today,” the waitress said and walked away coquettishly in her tight cream skirt and hip-hugging blue angora sweater. He could see her panty-line and again felt that electric shock of desire. There was bitterness in his mouth and a pang in his h
eart. All the feelings of relaxation he had felt when he entered the café were gone. Sartre’s ugly voice sounded even uglier.
He walked down the street watching the wet flowers, his eyes on the women rushing in their white raincoats, looking stern, and advancing like military guards. He took a deep breath, gnashed his teeth, and decided to walk like the Frenchmen did, with big fast steps. He entered the Café le Jour, sat at a table, ordered a Turkish coffee, lit a Gauloise cigarette, and began thinking about the events of the day. The coffee tasted terrible, nothing like his usual coffee at Café de Flore.
30
He walked fast, pondering recent events. He considered his effort to become acquainted with Si Muammar one of his latest failures, a simple matter of fact, like a rejection by someone we like. It was a simple truth, the common denominator that ties together all those who fall in love. It’s a triangle with conscience at one point, vice at another, and sex at the third.
This was a narrow outlook, but Abd al-Rahman turned his anticipated relationship with the waitress into a relationship with himself, a way of correcting a commonly held misconception that vice can be erased and conscience ignored, but sex remains the foundation upon which everything rests. Sex is a necessity, just like food, philosophical faith and religion, and normal bodily functions. He was wondering how he could restart the broken dialogue, meet Si Muammar and go with him to Café de Flore. They would talk like fast friends, and Si Muammar would treat him as an old and important colleague. He would introduce him to the waitress, and then leave the details to Abd al-Rahman. Later, there would be a reaction that neither he nor the waitress would be able to control, a sexual attraction that would shake them both to the core. Sex would acquire a central and philosophical significance for a changing life, for an end to the fear of the other’s body, of otherness. The encounter would take place on the bed, this being the only place where violence ends.
This encounter would put an end to his inclination to destroy the world, as all his violent tendencies would be channeled into this concept, or what the philosopher calls the ‘situation,’ the most dramatic of all situations. He even considered it to be the most serious, the most essential, and the most specific. According to him it was disconcerting to neglect it, and he regretted his inability to get over this short moment, stop the torture of this debate, and refrain from seeing himself as a failure—rejected and alone. Was his anxiety over the case of the Café de Flore waitress stronger than his angst over death, existence, and fate? This was a constant preoccupation, though weak and superficial at times, but it was at least clear.
31
Abd al-Rahman walked all the way to Place Edmond Rostand. He didn’t feel like going back to his apartment. He had mixed feelings, neither happy nor sad. He felt like watching the technicolor films at the Odéon cinema, the ones he had liked so much in Baghdad. He walked by the metro station, traffic lights, and many wonderful sights before reaching the cinema. Once the film began and he heard the music and became involved in the sentimental plot, he relaxed and very gradually became totally at ease.
32
When he left the theater, the cold had subsided but a fog had enveloped everything. He walked slowly in the night, wrapped in his thick coat, and took in the surroundings illuminated by the city lights. He stopped at a hotdog stand, ordered a hotdog with mustard, and smiled at the seller, remarking to himself how existentialist the scene was. As she was preparing his sandwich he said, “You know, that piled up roll reminds me of the French Revolution, when the revolutionaries impaled the king’s supporters.”
As he was eating his sandwich he saw Ahmad on the other side of the street. He called him over, and the two men walked together. Abd al-Rahman asked if he had seen Si Muammar, and Ahmad explained that he had only run into Nader in the Latin Quarter. “Didn’t he tell you anything about Si Muammar? Hasn’t he seen him?” Ahmad explained that Nader had not seen him and was, in fact, looking for him. Abd al-Rahman suggested they go looking for him in Place des Vosges. Ahmad advised him to wait until the following day, so the two of them spent the rest of the evening in a bar instead. The place was very dark except for a few faint lights. They could hear the noisy laughter of the drinking customers, and they soon joined them, ordering a bottle of whiskey and two glasses and kept on drinking in silence. When they left the bar they were both completely inebriated.
33
Before noon the following day Ahmad rushed into Abd al-Rahman’s room and woke him. Disoriented and still half asleep, he asked what was happening. Ahmad shouted, “I saw Nader in the Latin Quarter and he gave me a piece of sad news.”
Abd al-Rahman asked anxiously, “Something related to the Café de Flore waitress?”
“No, it’s about Si Muammar. His brother was killed in Algeria fighting the occupation forces. He’s a martyr.”
“Will Si Muammar be leaving France then?” Abd al-Rahman asked calmly.
“Yes,” said Ahmad.
Reflecting on the situation, the philosopher pondered, “He will have to fight against the colonialist now, won’t he!”
Deep down Abd al-Rahman was elated by the news, yet he managed to hide his feelings by expressing an exaggerated concern about two issues, Algeria’s future and existentialism. The Algerian revolution was growing, existentialism was leaning more and more toward revolution, and Abd al-Rahman was getting closer to his waitress. With Si Muammar’s departure she would be left without a lover, and he would step in to replace him. She’s French and wouldn’t be able to last long without a lover.
Ahmad told Abd al-Rahman that Si Muammar had asked to see them, together with all his friends, to receive their condolences. Abd al-Rahman was elated. For the first time he felt that luck was on his side, as he was finally on his way to win the waitress. He’d have the opportunity to meet her through her friend, all obstacles would disappear, and he would be left alone with her after Si Muammar’s departure. Once they started talking, she would get to know him and become attached to him like a Christian clings to his faith.
“This is great, great! This is my chance and I’ll grab it,” he said to a disgusted Ahmad, who didn’t say a word but went into the kitchen to fix breakfast.
34
On Wednesday evening Ahmad and Abd al-Rahman arrived at the Café de Flore. It was raining heavily, and when they went in their coats were soaked. Si Muammar was standing at the bar, his face flushed and his eyes filled with tears. He was totally drunk and could hardly stand up straight. The waitress was trying to help him, but he pushed her away. Nader came to the rescue, held him by the shoulders, and tried to calm him down. The café was empty except for two young Frenchwomen and a blond young man who was observing the situation with great interest and emotion. The philosopher didn’t know it, but he was witnessing the greatest struggle of the twentieth century and the end of western colonial power. He asked Ahmad what was happening, but Ahmad wasn’t sure, though he found the scene awkward. Then they heard Si Muammar shout drunkenly, “Leave me alone.”
In a strident voice the young Frenchman shouted, “Let him be. If he can’t destroy the west he can at least tear down its culture.”
“Leave me alone,” repeated Si Muammar, staggering in the direction of a table piled with books. He swept them onto the floor, went to the bar, took a half-filled bottle of cognac, poured it over the books, and lit them with his lighter, laughing loudly. “Hey, brothers, clap now! The comedy is over.” His tirade continued. “These are all imposters. Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a liar. Saint Simon is a liar with all his utopias. Voltaire is a lie, and so are Molière and Bergson. They deceived us, they deceived us. The biggest of all imposters is Sartre. He’s a liar— a colonialist lie!”
The books burned quickly, making a cracking sound. The waitress stood behind Si Muammar looking forlorn as he named each author whose book he tossed onto the pile—Alfred de Musset, Montaigne. The flames reflected off the ceiling and walls of the café and onto Abd al-Rahman’s face. He looked like a red ghost. Sartre’s
book La nausée did not burn with the other books. Nader pushed it closer to the fire with his foot. When the philosopher saw Nader’s gesture he considered it a personal attack. He rushed to seize the book and save it from the fire and burned his hand in the process. He shouted, “Burn anything you want except this book. Burn anyone but Sartre.” He emitted a stream of invectives at Si Muammar, Nader, and all the café customers. He rushed at Si Muammar and tried to strike him, but he had already slipped to the floor, too drunk to maintain his balance.
Having rescued La nausée from total destruction, the two friends left the bar quickly and with agitation. In their rush to leave they forgot their coats on that rainy and extremely cold Parisian night.
35
Si Muammar returned to Algeria, but the philosopher’s joy at the news, which Ahmad reported to him, did not last. He soon learned that the waitress had left to join her lover there. This marked the end of a phase in the philosopher’s life.
36
Abd al-Rahman’s love for the Café de Flore waitress was a formative experience. He faced the definitive news of her departure for Algeria stoically, like the true and authentic existentialist he was in soul and mind. His was not an acquired existentialism like that of his contemporaries, the Arab poets, the philosophers, and the litterateurs who had been influenced by Suhail Idris or the existentialism transmitted by Abd al-Rahman Badawi in the journal al-Katib al-‘arabi.
Though there were widespread rumors and gossip that questioned the philosopher’s integrity, depth of experience, or the authenticity of his genius, his changing and unstable life provided proof of the opposite. It is important when scrutinizing his life to go all the way back to his childhood. It would be impossible to write the philosopher’s biography without scrutinizing that stage of his life in order to establish the strong and glorious aspects of his thinking, a gargantuan philosophy that influenced a whole generation. His philosophy was shaped by his childhood experiences. He was an existentialist even then, and his nausea began when he spied on his parents in their bedroom, contrary to rumors that attribute it to Suhail Idris’s novel al-Hayy al-latini (The Latin Quarter) published in 1953 in Beirut when that city was the capital of Arab culture. In reality the Iraqi existential philosopher was not influenced by this first existential Arabic novel, or al-Katib al-‘arabi. There is no proof that he was influenced by the writings of Abd Allah Abd al-Dayim or Shaker Mustafa, or even the translated works of Emile Shuwairi. Those who believed that the al-Adab journal shaped his existential vision were wrong. Equally mistaken were those who claimed that he was influenced by a visiting Iraqi professor from Paris who gave a lecture on existentialism at the College of Humanities in 1951.