Poisoning The Press

by Mark Feldstein

  “public really best served”: “The Anderson Files,” NYT (April 24, 2006), A18; “rifling Anderson’s corpse”: “Secrecy Extends Beyond the Grave,” Austin American-Statesman (April 22, 2006), A22; “rest in peace”: “The FBI’s Paper Chase,” Chicago Tribune (May 11, 2006), editorial page; “although seriously dead”: Molly Ivins, “Jack Anderson Investigation,” Portland Oregonian (April 30, 2006), E6.

  “any truth” to “all the Andersons”: transcript, Senate Judiciary Committee hearings (June 6, 2006); forced the administration to back off: Lara Jakes Jordan, “FBI No Longer Seeks Leaked Documents,” AP (Jan. 4, 2007).

  anti american traitor: e-mail, G. Gordon Liddy to James Grady (Nov. 20, 2006), JAP.

  film footage: John Roberts, “Battle over Secrets,” CNN (April 20, 2006) and Bob Orr, “FBI and Family,” CBS Evening News (April 19, 2006); memoir excerpts: Peter Edidin, “One Man’s Secret Is Another Man’s Scoop,” NYT (April 23, 2006), D5; “Back in the day”: “The FBI’s Fishing Trip,” San Francisco Chronicle (April 25, 2006), B6; “their fight continues”: “Release the Anderson Files,” Deseret Morning News (April 22, 2006), editorial page.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  PRIMARY SOURCES

  Oral history interviews with author

  Tyler Abell, Dotti Ackerman, Hank Adams, Gordon Anderson, Jack Anderson, Jodi Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Olivia Anderson, Teri Anderson, Warren Anderson, Scott Armstrong, Inderjit Badhwar, David Bagley, F. Don Bailey, Robert G. “Bobby” Baker, Bernard Barker, Dick Bast, Mike Binstein, James Boyd, Benjamin C. Bradlee, Jeff Brindle, Laurie Bruch, John E. Byrne, Tony Capaccio, Dwight Chapin, Garry Clifford, Jack Cloherty, Faye Cohen, Sheldon Cohen, Anita Collins, I. Irving Davidson, Lynne Davidson, Cartha “Deke” DeLoach, Sally Denton, Richard Dudman, Thomas Eagleton, Daniel Ellsberg, Ray Fritsch, Frank Gibbons, Daryl Gibson, Seymour Glanzer, Barbara Godfrey, Victor Gold, Don Goldberg, Lucianne Goldberg, Peggy Gooding, James Grady, Bob Greene, Bill Gruver, Bill Haddad, Margaret Herring, Seymour Hersh, Stephen Hess, Clark Hoyt, Brit Hume, E. Howard Hunt, Dennis Hyten, Robert Jackson, Sanford Jorgensen, Marvin Kalb, Michael J. Kelley, Mike Kiernan, Darwin Knudsen, Howard Kurtz, Melvin Laird, Lilly Fallah Lawrence, George Lardner, Terry Lenzner, Lee Levine, Jerome Levinson, Ernest Linger, Cheri Loveless, Robert Maheu, Scott Maier, Frank Mankiewicz, Robert Mardian, Geneva Mayfield, Earl Mazo, Colman McCarthy, Frank McCulloch, George McGovern, Alan McSurely, James Mintz, Morton Mintz, Jack Mitchell, Linda Morgan, Alan B. Morrison, Alvin Moscow, Bill Moyers, Sarah Muncy, Samantha Neider, Tanya Neider, Jack Nelson, Joy Nelson, Barbara Newman, Robert Novak, Wayne Omer, Ronald Ostrow, Bob Owens, Walter Pincus, Kerry Plumer, Viola Pomponio, J. Stanley Pottinger, Charles Radford, Tonne Radford, Dan Rather, Robin Reynolds, Ira Rosen, Howard Rosenberg, Tom Rosenstiel, Gary Rubens, Morley Safer, Michael Satchell, Philip Scheffler, Mike Shanahan, David Shapiro, Earl Silbert, Marc Smolonsky, Linda Spear, Valerie Stewart, W. Donald Stewart, Betty Murphy Southard, Michael Sullivan, Joseph Trento, Wallace Turner, Warren Unna, Dale Van Atta, Vicki Warren, Les Whitten, Barbara Booke Whittle, Jules Witcover.

  Oral history interviews conducted by others

  Jack Anderson interview with Deke DeLoach

  Timothy Chambless interview with Jack Anderson and Warren Anderson

  Len Colodny interviews with Jack Anderson, Mary Gore Dean, John Ehrlichman, David Fleming, Melvin Laird, Robert Mardian, John Mitchell, Thomas Moorer

  Joe B. Frantz interview with Drew Pearson

  Robert Gettlin interviews with Charles Radford, Robert Welander

  Daryl Gibson interviews with Jack Anderson, Joe Spear, Les Whitten

  Cheri Loveless videotaped interview with Jack Anderson and Warren Anderson

  James Rosen interviews with David Fleming, Alexander Haig, Richard Kleindienst, Robert Mardian

  Dale Van Atta interviews with Lawrence Eagleburger, Melvin Laird, Jack Mills

  Archives

  American University, Washington, D.C.: digitized original online DP MGR columns, 1932–1959

  Central Intelligence Agency, Langley, VA

  Len Colodny private paper collection, Tampa, FL

  Columbia University, New York, NY: Pulitzer Prize papers

  Dartmouth College Library, Hanover, NH: Sherman Adams papers

  Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, KS: William Rogers papers

  Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C.

  George Washington University, Washington, D.C.: Gelman Library, National Security Archive, and Jack Anderson papers

  Justice Department, Washington, D.C.: civil division, JA v. RN

  John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, Cambridge, MA

  Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA: Les Whitten papers

  Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.: Leonard Garment papers; Howard Liebengood papers; John J. Sirica papers

  Martin Luther King Library, Atlanta, GA: Martin Luther King papers

  Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS: Sen. John C. Stennis papers

  National Archives:

  John F. Kennedy assassination archives, College Park, MD

  Richard Nixon vice presidential papers, Laguna Niguel, CA

  Richard Nixon presidential papers and White House tapes, College Park, MD

  Center for Legislative Affairs archives (Senate Armed Services Committee, Foreign Relations Committee, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, and Watergate Committee), Washington, D.C.

  Watergate Special Prosecution Force files, College Park, MD

  Public Citizen, Washington, D.C.: ITT papers

  Richard Nixon Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

  Senate Historical Office, Washington, D.C.: oral history interview transcripts

  Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA: Hoover Institution Archives, John Ehrlichman papers, Jeb Magruder papers, Robert Mardian papers

  Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX: Special Collections Library, Elmo Zumwalt papers

  University of Iowa, Ames, IA: Sen. Harold Hughes papers

  University of Louisville, Louisville, KY: Ekstrom Library, Sen. Marlow W. Cook papers

  University of Mississippi, University, MS: Sen. James Eastland papers

  University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC: Wilson Library, Alan McSurely papers

  University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN: Hoskins Library, Sen. Howard Baker papers

  University of Texas, Austin, TX: Lyndon B. Johnson Library, Drew Pearson papers, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein papers

  Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL: Billy Graham Center Archives, Charles W. Colson papers

  University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI: Robert S. Allen papers and Clark Mollenhoff papers

  Dale Van Atta private paper collection, Ashburn, VA

  Government reports

  Activities of Nondiplomatic Representatives of Foreign Principals in the United States, Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing, 88th Cong., 1st session (March 8, 1963)—referred to as “Fulbright hearings”

  Documentos Secretos de la ITT (Santiago, Chile: Empresa Editora Nacional Quimantu, 1972)—referred to as “Documentos”

  Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States, House Judiciary Committee Report, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session (Aug. 20, 1974)—referred to as “House Impeachment Report”

  Memo, David R. Young to President Richard Nixon, “Chronology of Events Relating to Investigation into Disclosure by Jack Anderson” (ND), Young #23, NARA—referred to as “Young Report”

  Nomination of Louis Patrick Gray III, of Connecticut, to Be Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Senate Judiciary Committee hearings, 93rd Congress, 1st Session (March 9, 1973)—referred to as “Gray hearings”

  Nomination of Richard G. Kleindienst, of Arizona, to Be Attorney General, Senate Judiciary Committee hearings, 92nd Congress, 2nd Session (March 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 26, 29, 1972)—referred to as “ITT hearings”

  Statement of Information, House Judiciary Committee hearings, Nixon Impeachment (May�
�June 1974), Internal Revenue Service, Book VIII—referred to as “IRS Impeachment Hearings”

  “Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence,” Box IV, Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, United States Senate, 94th Cong., 2nd session (April 23, 1976)—referred to as “Church Report”

  Transmittal of Documents from the National Security Council to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Senate Armed Services Committee hearings (Feb. 6, 1974; Feb. 20–21, 1974; March 7, 1974; May 7, 1974; Dec. 19, 1974)—referred to as “Stennis hearings”

  SECONDARY SOURCES

  Spiro T. Agnew. Go Quietly . . . or Else (New York: William Morrow, 1980).

  Jonathan Aitken. Charles W. Colson: A Life Redeemed (New York: Doubleday, 2005).

  ———. Nixon: A Life (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993).

  Edward Alwood. Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).

  Stephen Ambrose. Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 1913–1962. Vol. I (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987).

  ———. Nixon: The Triumph of a Politician, 1962–1972. Vol. II (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).

  ———. Ruin and Recovery, 1973–1990. Vol. III (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991).

  Douglas Anderson. A Washington Merry-Go-Round of Libel Actions (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1980).

  Jack Anderson. Washington Exposé (Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs, 1967).

  ——— and Fred Blumenthal. The Kefauver Story (New York: Dial, 1956).

  ——— and James Boyd. Confessions of a Muckraker (New York: Ballantine, 1979).

  ——— and George Clifford. The Anderson Papers (New York: Random House, 1973).

  ——— and Daryl Gibson. Peace, War and Politics (New York: Forge, 1999).

  ——— and Ronald W. May. McCarthy: The Man, the Senator, the “Ism” (Boston: Beacon, 1952).

  James L. Aucoin. The Evolution of Investigative Journalism (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005).

  Bobby Baker and Larry L. King, Wheeling and Dealing: Confessions of a Capitol Hill Operator (New York: Norton, 1978).

  Stephen Bates. If No News, Send Rumors: Anecdotes of American Journalism (New York: Holt, 1991).

  Edwin R. Bayley. Joe McCarthy and the Press (New York: Pantheon, 1981).

  John C. Behrens. Typewriter Guerrillas: Close-ups of Twenty Top Investigative Reporters (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977).

  Richard Ben-Veniste. The Emperor’s New Clothes: Exposing the Truth from Watergate to 9/11 (New York: Thomas Dunne, 2009).

  Michael R. Beschloss, ed. Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964 (New York: Touchstone, 1997).

  Archer K. Blood. The Cruel Birth of Bangladesh: Memoirs of an American Diplomat (Dhaka, Bangladesh: University Press, 2002).

  Taylor Branch. Parting the Waters (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988).

  ———. Pillar of Fire (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998).

  David Brinkley. Washington Goes to War (New York: Knopf, 1988).

  Fawn M. Brodie. Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983).

  Elisabeth Bumiller. Condoleezza Rice: An American Life (New York: Random House, 2007).

  William Bundy. A Tangled Web: The Making of Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency (New York: Hill and Wang, 1998).

  Thomas S. Burns. Tales of ITT: An Insider’s Report (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974).

  William Burr, ed. The Kissinger Transcripts: The Top Secret Talks with Beijing and Moscow (New York: New Press, 1998).

  Lou Cannon. Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power (New York: Public Affairs, 2003).

  ———. Reagan (New York: Putnam, 1982).

  ———. Ronnie and Jesse: A Political Odyssey (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969).

  Dan T. Carter. George Wallace, Richard Nixon and the Transformation of American Politics (Waco, TX: Markham, 1992).

  ———. The Politics of Rage (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000).

  Timothy Chambless. “Columnist Jack Anderson, the Secular Evangelist: Five Speeches on Morality in Government Delivered in Utah, 1972–1975.” Master’s thesis (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1977).

  ———. “Muckraker at Work: Columnist Jack Anderson and the Watergate Scandal, 1972–1974.” Ph.D. dissertation (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1987).

  Maxine Cheshire and John Greenya. Maxine Cheshire, Reporter (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978).

  Paul Coe Clark, Jr. The United States and Somoza, 1933–1956: A Revisionist Look (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1992).

  Adam Clymer. Edward M. Kennedy: A Biography (New York: William Morrow, 1999).

  Andrew Cockburn. Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall, and Catastrophic Legacy (New York: Scribner, 2007).

  William D. Cohan. The Last Tycoons: The Secret History of Lazard Frères & Co. (New York: Doubleday, 2007).

  Mickey Cohen and John Peer Nugent. In My Own Words: The Underworld Autobiography of Michael Mickey Cohen (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975).

  Gail Collins. Scorpion Tongues: The Irresistible History of Gossip in American Politics (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1999).

  Len Colodny and Robert Gettlin. Silent Coup: The Removal of a President (New York: St. Martin’s, 1991).

  Charles W. Colson. Born Again (Old Tappan, NJ: Chosen Books, 1976).

  David Corn. “Mellowing of a Muckraker.” The Nation (Nov. 14, 1987), 541ff.

  William Costello. The Facts About Nixon: An Unauthorized Biography (New York: Viking, 1960).

  Matthew Dallek. The Right Moment (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).

  Robert Dallek. Kissinger and Nixon: Partners in Power (New York: HarperCollins, 2007).

  Samuel Dash. Chief Counsel: Inside the Ervin Committee (New York: Random House, 1976).

  Lanny Davis. Scandal: How “Gotcha” Politics Is Destroying America (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).

  John W. Dean. Blind Ambition: The White House Years (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976).

  ———. Worse than Watergate: The Secret Presidency of George W. Bush (New York: Little, Brown, 2004).

  ———. The Rehnquist Choice (New York: Free Press, 2001).

  ——— and Barry M. Goldwater, Jr. Pure Goldwater (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).

  Cartha “Deke” DeLoach. Hoover’s FBI: The Inside Story by Hoover’s Trusted Lieutenant (Lanham, MD: Regnery, 1995).

  Sally Denton and Roger Morris. The Money and the Power: The Making of Las Vegas and Its Hold on America, 1947–2000 (New York: Knopf, 2001).

  P. N. Dhar. Indira Gandhi, the “Emergency,” and Indian Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).

  Bernard Diederich. Somoza (New York: Dutton, 1981).

  Noah Dietrich and Bob Thomas. Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes (Greenwich, CT: Fawcett, 1972).

  John Dinges and Saul Landau. Assassination on Embassy Row (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981).

  Richard Dougherty. Goodbye, Mr. Christian: A Personal Account of McGovern’s Rise and Fall (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1973).

  Tom Dowling. “Who Knows What Evil Lurks in the Hearts of Men? Jack Anderson Knows.” Washingtonian (May 1971), 90–101.

  Leonard Downie. The New Muckrakers (Washington, D.C.: New Republic, 1976).

  James Doyle. Not Above the Law: The Battles of Watergate Prosecutors Cox and Jaworski (New York: Morrow, 1977).

  Theodore Draper. A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affairs (New York: Touchstone, 1991).

  Elizabeth Drew. Washington Journal: The Events of 1973–1974 (New York: Random House, 1975).

  Michael Drosnin. Citizen Hughes (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985).

  James H. Dygart. The Investigative Journalist: Folk Heroes of a New Era (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1976).

  John Ehrlichman. Witness to Power (New York: Simon and Schust
er, 1982).

  Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Pat Nixon: The Untold Story (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986).

  Daniel Ellsberg. Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers (New York: Viking, 2002).

  Fred Emery. Watergate: The Corruption of American Politics and the Fall of Richard Nixon (New York: Random House, 1994).

  Mark Feldstein. “Blame It on Jack.” Washingtonian (Aug. 2004), 33–36.

  ———. “Fighting Quakers: The 1950s Battle Between Richard Nixon and Columnist Drew Pearson.” Journalism History, v. 30, no. 2 (Summer 2004), 76–90.

  ———. “The Jailing of a Journalist: Prosecuting the Press for Possession of Stolen Government Documents.” Communication Law and Policy, v. 10, no. 2 (Spring 2005), 137–77.

  ———. “Media Coverage and a Federal Grand Jury: Publication of the Secret Watergate Transcripts (1973).” American Journalism, v. 24, no. 2 (Spring 2007), 7–33.

  ———. “Watergate Revisited.” American Journalism Review, v. 26, no. 4 (Aug./Sept. 2004), 60–67.

  ———. “Watergate’s Forgotten Investigative Reporter: The Battle Between Columnist Jack Anderson and President Richard Nixon.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina Press (Chapel Hill, NC: 2002).