The Betrayal of Mary, Queen of Scots
Page 41
In 1612, King James I had his mother exhumed. He reburied her in Westminster Abbey, in a beautiful tomb of white marble, near Lady Lennox, once her mother-in-law, only a few feet from Elizabeth. They were closer in death than they had ever been before. ‘Conquered, she was unconquerable’, was inscribed on her tomb. A meeting with Elizabeth had been Mary’s greatest desire for so much of her life. Finally, in Westminster Abbey, she achieved her wish.
NOTES
Abbreviations
BL MSS – British Library Manuscripts
Cecil – Cecil Papers, Hatfield House
CSP, Scotland, Foreign, Venetian – Calendar of State Papers
NLR – National Library of Russia
NLS – National Library of Scotland
PRO SP – Public Record Office, State Papers
Chapter One
1 Mary Stuart to Mary of Guise, the morning of her wedding, Foreign Correspondence with Marie de Lorraine, ed. M. Wood (Edinburgh, 1923)
2 Brantôme, Oeuvres Complètes, 52
3 Discours du grand et magnifique triumphs faict au marriage do tresnoble & magnifique Prince François de Valois Roy-Dauphin, fil aisne du tres-chrestien Roy de France Henry II. Du nome, & de treshaulte & vertueuse Princesse madam Marie d’Estuart, Roine de’Ecosse (Paris, par Annet Brière, 1558), 325; Brantôme, 53
4 Discours du grand et magnifique…, 8
5 Discours du grand et magnifique…, 28; Brantôme, Oeuvres Complètes, 26
6 Labanoff, Lettres, II, 65
7 Labanoff, Lettres, II, 65
8 Fraser, 95; Estienne Perlin, 1558
Chapter Two
1 John Knox, History of the Reformation, I, p.37
2 Lisle to Henry, CSP Scotland. See also Foreign Correspondence (Mary of Guise) and Labanoff, Lettres, I. Also Henry VIII, Letters and Papers, 20–22 and Sadler in State Papers
3 Sadler, State Papers, I, 88
4 Sadler, State Papers, I, 107
Chapter Three
1 CSP Scottish, VII; Foreign Correspondence; State Papers; and Henry VIII, Letters and Papers
2 See State Papers, V; Foreign Correspondence; CSP, Foreign, VIII
Chapter Four
1 De Beaugué, L’Histoire, 65; Labanoff, Lettres, II, 33
2 Mary’s Book of Hours, National Library of Russia, LAT, Qv 1, 110
3 Labanoff, Lettres, VII 277
4 Recueil, I, 8; Labanoff, Lettres, II, 65
5 Labanoff, Lettres, I, 29
6 Labanoff, Lettres, I, 34
7 CSP, Venetian, VII, 270
Chapter Five
1 CSP, Venetian, VI, ii, 1058
2 CSP, Venetian, VI, ii, 1059
3 Harrington, II, 312
4 CSP, Venetian, VI, 1060
5 CSP, Venetian, VI, 1080
6 CSP, Spanish, V, 1050
7 CSP, Venetian, VI, 288
8 CSP, Venetian, VI, 436, 446
9 CSP, Venetian, VII, 42
Chapter Six
1 Ives, Anne Boleyn, 248
2 See Borman, Elizabeth’s Women, 30
3 See Whitelock, Mary Tudor, 25
4 CSP, Spanish, V, I, 573
5 CSP, Venetian, VI, 65; Henry VIII, Letters and Papers, X, 96–7
6 Weir, Henry VIII, 135; Henry VIII, Letters and Papers, X, 102
7 CSP, Venetian, VI, 85; Henry VIII, Letters and Papers, X, 105
8 CSP, Spanish, V, ii, 101
9 CSP, Spanish, V, ii, 105
10 Weir, Six Wives, 260
Chapter Seven
1 Henry VIII, Letters and Papers, X, 330
2 CSP, Spanish, V, ii, 125
3 Henry VIII, Letters and Papers, XI, 190
4 Weir, Elizabeth, 75
5 BL, Lansdowne MS, 1236, 35
6 Whitelock, Elizabeth’s Bedfellows, 65
Chapter Eight
1 Borman, Elizabeth’s Women, 123
2 For an excellent in-depth discussion of Henry VIII’s will, the succession and the question of dry-stamping, see Lipscomb, The King is Dead, 145
3 Weir, Six Wives, 255. See also Skidmore, Edward VI; MacCulloch, The Boy King
4 See CSP, Spanish, VII, ii, 154
5 See also Perry, Word of a Prince, 85
6 CSPD, Edward VI, 92; Whitelock, Elizabeth’s Bedfellows, 2
7 see Borman, Elizabeth’s Women, 113; Whitelock, Elizabeth’s Bedfellows, 4
8 Haynes, Cecil State Papers, 89–90
9 CSP, Spanish, VIII, vi, 25
Chapter Nine
1 CSP, Spanish, VIII, ii 502. For Mary and religion, see Whitelock, Mary Tudor
2 For more on Mary’s long-ignored confidence as leader, see de Lisle, Tudor, 65
3 CSP, Foreign, IX, viii. For Elizabeth’s impossible position, see Hilton, Elizabeth: Renaissance Prince; Whitelock, Mary Tudor; Weir, Elizabeth; Doran, Elizabeth I and her Circle
4 Mary has been too long seen as a ‘failure’. For modern scholarship on her as a confident Tudor and Counter Reformation monarch, see Whitelock, Mary Tudor; Porter, Mary Tudor; and de Lisle, Tudor – as de Lisle points out, Mary was simply behaving as the ‘ruthless Tudor monarch she was’.
5 CSP, Foreign, VIII, 85. Borman, Elizabeth’s Women, 165
6 See Hilton, Elizabeth: Renaissance Prince, 105
Chapter Ten
1 Knox, The Monstrous Regiment, 30, 65. See also Knox, History, 60. See also Foreign Correspondence, I, 60; Labanoff, Lettres, I, 65. See also the Dubrovsky Collection in the National Library of Russia
2 CSP, Foreign, I, 347
3 CSP, Foreign, I, 348
4 CSP, Foreign, 1560–61, 291
5 CSP, Foreign, II, 347
6 CSP, Scotland, III, 85
7 Labanoff, Lettres, I, 70. See also Foreign Correspondence, I, 67
8 Knox, History, 64. See also Foreign Correspondence, I, 75
9 CSP, Foreign, I, 67; Labanoff, Lettres, I, 65; Foreign Correspondence, I, 77
Chapter Eleven
1 CSP, Foreign, III, 394. See also NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut 34/2, 17
2 Bothwell, 46
3 CSP, Foreign, III, 409
4 CSP, Venetian, VII, 278. See also NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut 34/2, 15
5 My translation. Also NLR Dubrovsky, Aut 34/2, 16
6 CSP, Foreign, II, 360. See also Labanoff, Lettres, I, 65
7 CSP, Foreign, III, 42. See also NLR Dubrovsky, Aut 34/2, 19
8 CSP, Foreign, III, 472. See also Labanoff, Letters, I, 78
9 CSP, Foreign, III, 423
10 CSP, Foreign, III, 565
Chapter Twelve
1 CSP, Foreign, II, 405
2 As one early biographer put it, ‘Hereupon Queen Elizabeth bare secret grudge against her, which the subtill malice of men on both sides, cherished, growing betwixt them, emulation and new occasions daily arising, in such sort, that it could not be extinguished but by death.’ Camden, Historie, 34
3 CSP, Scotland, VIII, 45. See also NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut 34/3 20
4 CSP, Foreign, Elizabeth, 1558–9, 443
5 CSP, Foreign, II, 606. BL Cotton MS Caligula, C II, 39
6 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C II 42
7 Sidney, Memoir, 154. Labanoff, Lettres, I, 56
8 CSP, Scotland, I, 606
9 Knox, History, II, 15; BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C II, 47
Chapter Thirteen
1 CSP, Spanish, IX, 105
2 See Hilton, Elizabeth: Renaissance Prince, 56
3 CSP, Spanish, VIII, iv, 86. BL, Add. MS, 48027, 75
4 See Mulcaster, The Passage of our most Drad Soveraigne Lady Quene Elyzabeth; see also Weir, Elizabeth, 66
5 Neale, Elizabeth I, 130. See Whitelock, Elizabeth’s Bedfellows, 85
6 Hilton, Elizabeth: Renaissance Prince, 134
7 Neale, Elizabeth I, 135
8 CSP, Spanish, VIII, 65
9 CSP, Venetian, 1558–80, 12
10 Neale, Elizabeth I, 160
11 See BL, Add. MS, 4847, 97–8
Chapter Fourteen
1 CSP, Spanish, VIII, 56
; see also Gristwood, Elizabeth and Leicester; Hilton, Elizabeth: Renaissance Prince; Weir, Elizabeth
2 See Whitelock, Elizabeth’s Bedfellows, 60
3 BL, Add. MS, 48027, 660
4 Gristwood, Elizabeth and Leicester, 93
5 CSP, Spanish, IX, 115
6 CSP, Spanish, IX, 164
7 CSP, Spanish, IX, 175
8 See Skidmore, Death and the Virgin; Gristwood, Elizabeth and Leicester
9 See BL, Add. MS, 48023
10 See Skidmore, Death and the Virgin
11 CSP, Spanish, IX, 123
12 CSP, Spanish, X, 252
13 Neale, Elizabeth I, 183
14 Neale, Elizabeth I, 183
Chapter Fifteen
1 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula C III, 65. See also NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut. 35/3, 27
2 CSP, Foreign, 78, 606
3 CSP, Foreign, VIII, 65; BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C III, 86
4 Maitland, Narrative, 65, 74, 98
5 CSP, Foreign, VIII, 65
6 Maitland, 85
7 Melville, Memoirs, 85
8 Melville, Memoirs, 107
9 Teulet, Lettres, II, 132
10 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C III, 85
11 Maitland, 93. See also PRO SP, 52/12, 43
12 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C III, 48
13 CSP, Scotland, II, 145
Chapter Sixteen
1 CSP, Foreign, VIII, 65. See also BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C III, 82
2 PRO SP, 52/12, 41–4
3 Melville, Memoirs, p123
Chapter Seventeen
1 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C V, 22.
2 BL, Lansdowne MS, 9; BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B 9–10; Labanoff, Lettres, I, 85
3 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B II, 9
4 Labanoff, Lettres, I, 36; Nau, Memorials, 45
5 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B VIII, 25
6 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B III, 86
Chapter Eighteen
1 BL, Cotto.n MS, Caligula, C II, 85
2 Melville, Memoirs, 120
3 Labanoff, Lettres, I, 65
4 Melville, Memoirs, 130–31
5 Herries, Memoirs, 65
6 Nau, Memorials, 87
7 Keith, History, I, xcvi; Teulet, Lettres, I
8 BL, Add. MS, 48027; Keith, History, I; Cecil, Papers, 155/56
9 Keith, History, I, 65; Teulet, Lettres, I, 78
10 Tytler, History, II, 400
11 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, III, 82
12 PRO SP, 52/13, 207
13 PRO SP 52/13, 210
14 See BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C I, 34
15 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C I, 45
16 CSP, Foreign, VII, 85
17 PRO SP, 52/12, 130
18 Keith, History, II, 54
19 PRO SP, 53/2, 80
20 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, VII, 80
21 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, VII, 81
22 Nau, Memorials, 34
Chapter Nineteen
1 PRO SP, 56/13, 120
2 BL, Add. MS, 33531, 37–8
3 Labanoff, Lettres, 2, 83
4 CSP, Venetian, VII, 65
5 Melville, Memoirs, 165
6 PRO SP, 52/13, 17
7 CSP, Scotland, I, 87; PRO SP 52/14, 18
8 CSP, Spanish, II, 89
9 Keith, History, II, 85
10 PRO SP, 52/13, 17
11 CSP, Spanish, VIII, 65
12 PRO SP, 52/13, 101
Chapter Twenty
1 PRO SP, 59/12, 243–4
2 CSP, Scotland, VI, 85
3 PRO SP, 52/13, 98
4 CSP, Scotland, VII, 90
5 BL, Lansdowne MS, 10
6 PRO SP, 52/13, 64
7 For the Bond, see: BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C I, 85
8 See BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C I, 86
9 PRO SP 59/13, 37–8, 41–2
10 PRO SP, 52/13, 22–3
11 PRO SP, 52/13, 37, 40
Chapter Twenty-One
1 Melville, Memoirs, 35
2 Georges Vigarello, Sexual Violence in France, 65
3 Melville, Memoirs, 132
4 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C II, 95
5 See BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C II, 87–115
6 Melville, Memoirs, 65
7 Keith, History, II, 85
8 BL, Cotton MS, Vespasian, III, 65
9 Labanoff, Lettres, II, 65
10 CSP, Foreign, II, 65
Chapter Twenty-Two
1 See PRO SP, 59/13, 91–103; CSP, Foreign, VIII, 65
2 Teulet, Lettres, II, 65
3 NAS GD, 1137113
4 BL, Royal MS, 18.13, 6, 242
5 BL, Cotton MS, Titus, C 12
6 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 18
7 Teulet, Lettres, II, 82
8 Melville, Memoirs, 105
9 Teulet, Lettres, II, 85
10 Cecil, Papers, 155/56
11 CSP Scotland, VIII, 82
12 PRO SP, 52/12, 85
13 Maitland, Memoirs, 86
14 PRO SP 52/13, 64–7
15 PRO SP, 52/12, 101
16 Teulet, Lettres, II, 70
17 PRO SP, 59/13, 157–65; Teulet, Lettres, II, 85–90; PRO SP, 59/13, 189–201
18 Teulet, II, 92; PRO SP, 59/13, 101–10
Chapter Twenty-Three
1 Nau, Memorials, 89
2 Teulet, Lettres, II, 65; PRO SP, 59/13, 65
3 Hay Fleming, Mary, 85
4 Labanoff, Lettres, I, 92. And see NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut. 12, 29–30
5 PRO SP, 59/13, 118
6 PRO SP, 52/18, 116
7 PRO SP, 52/14, 1
8 CSP, Scotland, VI, 85
9 CSP, Foreign, VI, 202. See also NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut. 35/3, 68
10 PRO SP, 59/13, 165
11 CSP, Scotland, VI, 503. NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut. 35/3, 68
12 BL, Add. MS, 32091, 216
13 CSP, Rome, III, 65
Chapter Twenty-Four
1 Nau, Memorials, 50
2 Nau, Memorials, 60
3 Cecil, Papers, 56/75
4 CSP, Scotland, VI, 202
5 PRO SP, 59/13, 75
6 PRO SP, 59/13, 78–82
7 CSP, Scotland, VI, 82
8 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C I
9 Nau, Memorials, 65
10 CSP, Scotland, VI, 85
11 Nau, Memorials, 85
12 CSP, Scotland, VI, 132
13 CSP, Foreign, V, 65
Chapter Twenty-Five
1 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 18
2 Nau, Memorials, 186
3 PRO SP, 59/13, 201
4 Labanoff, Lettres, II, 158
5 Labanoff, Lettres, II, 182
6 PRO SP, 59/14, 86
7 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 1
8 PRO SP, 59/14, 25
Chapter Twenty-Six
1 Nau, Memorials, 192
2 CSP, Scotland, VI, 85. See NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut. 12. 34
3 CSP, Scotland, VI, 85
4 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B 12, 85; Nau, Memorials, 202
5 CSP, Scotland, VI, 92
6 Nau, Memorials, 205
7 Herries, Memoirs, 82
8 SP PRO, 59/13, 122. See NLR, Dubrovsky, Aut. 90, T.1, 28
9 Styre, Annals of the Reformation, 580–81
10 PRO SP, 59/14, 201
11 Buchanan, Ane detectioun of the duings of Marie Quene of Scotts, 6
12 Buchanan, Ane detectioun of the duings of Marie Quene of Scotts, 30
13 PROP SP, 60/10, 22
14 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, D 10, 85
15 My translation. BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, D 10, 90
16 CSP, Scotland, VI, 88
17 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B 9, 25
18 PRO SP, 53, 15
19 PRO SP, 53, 22
20 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 8, 78
21 Nau, Memorials, 232
22 PRO SP, 53/2, 5–6
Chapter Twenty-Seven
1 PRO SP, 53/2, 14–18; BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 1, 301–56
&nbs
p; 2 PRO SP, 53/2, 52–8; BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 1, 228–350
3 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 1, 261
4 PRO SP, 53/2, 14–22
5 PRO SP, 53/2, 62, 134–5
6 PRO SP, 53/2, 65, 139
7 PRO SP, 53/2, 65, 140
8 PRO SP, 53/2, 65, 142
9 PRO SP, 53/2, 62, 142
10 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B 9, 81
11 Cecil, Papers, 155/140–42
12 PRO SP, 53/2, 5–10
13 PRO SP, 53/2, 16
14 Nau, Memorials, 232; PRO SP, 53/2, 20
Chapter Twenty-Eight
1 Labanoff, Lettres, VI, 8
2 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 9, 88
3 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 3, 102
4 Cecil, Papers, 155/140–44; PRO SP, 53/2, 50–60; BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 1, 300–58; CSP, VIII, 65
5 Cecil, Papers, 155/141
6 Herries, Memoirs, 65
7 Herries, Memoirs, 66
8 PRO SP, 55
9 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 1, 355–8
10 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 1, 355–7
11 PRO SP, 53/2, 85; Labanoff, Lettres, II, 256
12 PRO SP, 53/2, 79
13 Herries, Memoirs, 87
14 Teulet, Lettres, II, 87
15 Labanoff, Lettres, II, 156
16 PRO SP, 52/15, 32
17 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, B 9, 30
18 Mary’s Book of Hours, National Library of Russia, Lat Qv 1, 112
19 BL, Add. MS, 48049, 150
20 PRO SP, 52/16, 85
Chapter Twenty-Nine
1 BL, Add. MS, 48049, 75
2 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C II, 208
3 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C II, 210.
4 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, C 9, 82
5 Teulet, Lettres, II, 200; Labanoff, Lettres, VI, 50–85
6 Labanoff, Lettres, VII, 203
7 PRO SP, 59/13, 20; see CSP, Foreign, VIII, 65
8 PRO SP, 59/13, 85
9 PRO SP, 59/13, 82
10 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, II, 29–30
11 BL, Add. MS, 48049, 150–60
12 Labanoff, Lettres, VII, 333
13 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula, II, 40
14 BL, Cotton MS, Caligula II, 73, 75
Chapter Thirty
1 Teulet, Lettres, II, 85
2 See NLR, Fr Q, IV, 212
3 PRO SP, 59/13, 222
4 CSP, 52/16, 51
5 CSP, 53/115, 101
6 CSP, 59/13, 202
7 Labanoff, Lettres, IV, 183
8 Nau, Memorials, 65
9 Cecil, Papers, 65/2, 81