The Betrayal of Mary, Queen of Scots
Page 47
‘Bond of Association’, 295
Book of Common Prayer, 70, 241
Book of Hours, 37, 240, 260, 265, 343
Borthwick, James, 192
Borthwick Castle, 204–5
Bothwell, Adam, Bishop of Orkney, 106
Bothwell, Countess of, see Gordon, Jean, Countess of Bothwell
Bothwell, Earl of, see Hepburn, James, 4th Earl of Bothwell
Bothwell, Earl of, see Hepburn, Patrick, 3rd Earl of Bothwell
Bourgoing (Mary’s doctor), 311, 316, 322, 327, 329, 331–2, 335
Brandon, Charles, 1st Duke of Suffolk, 68
de Brantôme, Pierre, 8
Brereton, William, 60
Bruce, Marjorie, 7
Brumehous Tower, Scotland, 27
Bryan, Margaret, Baroness Bryan, 52, 53–4, 62–3, 65
Buchanan, George, 170, 236–7, 239, 267, 273, 281, 287
Buckhurst, Lord, see Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst
Bull, Mr (executioner), 3–4, 325, 330–4, 335
Buxton, Derbyshire, 280, 291
Cadzow Castle, Scotland, 224
Calais, France, 42, 46, 85, 119
Campbell, Archibald, 4th Earl of Argyll, 22, 24, 38–9
Campbell, Archibald, 5th Earl of Argyll, 90, 106, 109, 116, 141, 157, 159, 163, 191, 198, 223
and Ainslie bond, 191
and Darnley’s murder, 148–9, 152, 168–9, 180, 186, 206, 223–4
and Hamilton bond, 226
Campbell family, 20
Carberry Hill, 205
Carlisle Castle, 230, 233, 275
Carmichael, Elizabeth, 33
Carwood, Margaret, 177
‘casket letters’, 215–16, 223, 237–9, 241–2, 244–50, 254, 255–8, 272, 273, 287, 317
Cassilis, Earl of, see Kennedy, Gilbert, 3rd Earl of Cassilis
de Castlenau, Michel, 290
Cateau-Cambrésis, Peace of (1559), 89, 91
Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England, 49–50, 56, 57–9, 65, 79, 86, 337
Catholicism, 38, 39, 46–7, 80, 83, 87, 90, 149, 235, 270
Cecil, Robert, 86, 339
Cecil, William, 1st Baron Burghley, 46–7, 75–6, 230, 343
and Babington plot, 301, 302, 305–6
and Bothwell, 186–9, 203, 204, 219–20
and ‘casket letters’, 223, 245, 258
and Darnley, 145–6, 150, 239–40, 248, 255
and Dudley, 131, 134–5, 140, 142
and Elizabeth’s succession, 125, 129, 137–8, 144
and Mary, Queen of Scots, 97, 103, 114–16, 162, 169, 183, 212–13, 215–16, 230–2, 235–40, 251, 270, 271–2, 279, 291–2, 293, 296, 298
and Mary’s execution, 325, 327, 332, 335–6
and Mary’s trial, 308–9, 311–17, 318, 321
and Ridolfi plot, 274–5, 276
and Rizzio, 153
becomes Lord Treasurer, 281
Chapel of the Observant Friars, Greenwich, 51
Chapuys, Eustace, 49, 51, 56, 58, 59–60, 62
Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, 339, 340, 341
Charles II, Archduke of Austria, 55
Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, 8, 9–10, 40, 89
Charles IX, King of France, 8, 40, 99–101, 150, 164, 186, 204, 209, 227, 278
Charles of Guise, Cardinal of Lorraine, 92, 94
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 64, 80
Charles, Archduke of Austria, 118
Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, 39, 40, 42, 94, 265, 281
de Chastelard, Pierre de Bocosel, 117
Chartley Hall, Staffordshire, 297, 299, 303, 304–5, 307
Chaseabout Raid (1565), 149–50, 152, 158, 159, 169
Chatsworth, Derbyshire, 260, 263, 270, 272
Chisholm, William, Bishop of Dunblane, 201
Churchill, Winston, 341
Claude, Duke of Guise, 14
Claude, Princess of France, Duchess of Lorraine, 36, 40, 89, 103
Claude, queen consort of France, 49
Clere, Anne 52
Cleutin, Henri, 39
Clyst St Mary, Battle of (1549), 70
constitutional monarchy, 5, 340–1, 342
Courtenay, Edward, 1st Earl of Devon, 42, 79–80
Coventry Castle, 268
Craig, John, 198
Craigmillar bond, 109, 168–9, 207, 208, 216, 221–2, 224, 239, 248, 253, 286
Craigmillar Castle, Scotland, 27, 168, 173, 181, 186, 246–7
Craik, Alison, 116
Cranmer, Thomas, 83
Crawford, Bessie, 188
Crichton Castle, 202
Cromwell, Thomas, 19, 54, 58–60, 62, 65, 173, 343
Cumberland, Duke of, see Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
Cumnor Place, Berkshire, 131–3
Curle, Elizabeth, 281, 311, 332–3, 335
Curle, Gilbert, 281, 298–9, 304, 306, 316
Curwen, Sir Henry, 229
Dalgleish, George, 215–16, 223, 239, 257
Darnley, Lord, see Stewart, Henry, Lord Darnley
Davison, William, 323–4, 325, 335–6
Dee, Dr John, 120, 283
Denny, Sir Anthony, 73, 74
Derby, Earl of, see Stanley, Henry, 4th Earl of Derby
Desmond Rebellion (1569), 13
Devereux, Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex, 297
Devon, Earl of, see Courtenay, Edward, 1st Earl of Devon
Don Carlos, Prince of Asturias, 101–2, 118, 136
Don John of Austria, 276–7, 284
Donnington Castle, 82
Douglas, Archibald, 6th Earl of Angus, 28, 286–7, 288–9
Douglas, George, 171, 224–5, 240
Douglas, James, 4th Earl of Morton, 39, 109, 186, 190
and Ainslie bond, 191
and Bothwell, 197, 205–7
and ‘casket letters’, 239, 242, 256
and Darnley’s murder, 168, 170, 207, 233, 286–7
and Rizzio conspiracy, 152–3, 159–61, 171
as regent, 277, 286
execution, 287
role in Mary’s abdication, 208–10, 215–16, 218
Douglas, Margaret, Countess of Lennox, 101, 146, 148, 222, 294
Douglas, Sir William, 213, 224
Douglas, Willie (Mary’s page), 224–5, 240, 267
Douglas family, 109, 152, 155, 179
Dragsholm Castle, Denmark, 280–1, 284
Drake, Sir Francis, 284, 338
Drury, Sir Drue, 327
Drury, William, 176, 222, 239
Du Croc, Philibert, 165, 170–1, 199, 201, 203, 206, 209
Dudley, Guildford, 76, 77
Dudley, John, 1st Duke of Northumberland, 75–8
Dudley, Robert, 1st Earl of Leicester, 77, 79, 81, 113, 153, 243, 265, 266, 280, 294
and Elizabeth I, 47–8, 120, 128–31, 134, 144, 292, 300, 337
and Mary, Queen of Scots, 139–42, 144, 268, 282, 294
death of wife, 132–6
Dumbarton, Scotland, 30, 32, 33
Dumbarton Castle, 116, 227
Dunbar Castle, 27, 192, 193–6, 205
Dunkeld Castle, Scotland, 27
Durham House, London, 76, 77
Dymocke, Sir Edward, 123–4
Edinburgh, Scotland, 27, 91, 92, 111, 204
Edinburgh Castle, 27, 28, 92, 94, 95, 116, 149, 162, 163, 203, 215, 216, 239, 278, 286
Edinburgh, Treaty of (1560), 99–100, 105, 107, 113, 172, 241
Edward I, King of England, 18
Edward VI, King of England, 24, 26, 29, 38, 39, 44–5, 47, 69–70, 74–7
accession, 69
birth, 64
death, 76–7
Eglinton, Earl of, see Montgomerie, Hugh, 3rd Earl of Eglinton
Eleanor of Austria, 29–30
Elisabeth of Valois, 36, 38, 40, 89, 91, 93, 100, 101–2, 125, 337
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 5, 24, 31, 42, 44–6, 90, 341–4
1533: birth, 50–1; christening, 51
1536: aftermath o
f mother’s death, 62–4
1547: death of Henry VIII; sent to live with Katherine Parr, 69–72
1548: sent to live with Sir Anthony Denny, 73; interrogated about Thomas Seymour, 74–5
1553: death of brother, 76–7; moves to Somerset House, 79
1554: Wyatt Rebellion, 80–1; imprisoned in the Tower, 81–3; sent to Woodstock Palace, 83
1555: recalled to court, 83–4; moves back to Hatfield, 84
1556: implicated in plot, 85
1558: death of Mary I, 85–6; funeral of Mary I, 119; accession, 44–7, 86
1559: coronation, 119–24
1560: Treaty of Berwick, 94; Treaty of Edinburgh, 96–7, 102, 103–4, 110, 111; death of Francis II, 100
1561: Mary requests meeting, 112, 113–14
1562: meeting with Mary postponed, 114–15; catches smallpox, 115; Act of Exclusion, 115
1563: lays down terms of Mary’s marriage, 137–41
1565: reaction to Mary and Darnley’s marriage, 148–9; Chaseabout Raid, 149–50
1566: learns of Rizzio conspiracy, 160–1; reaction to birth of James, 164; christening of James, 170
1567: writes to Mary about Darnley’s murder, 180–1; writes to Mary to delay trial, 189–90; writes to Mary about marriage to Bothwell, 203–4; writes in support of Mary, 212; reaction to Mary’s trial, 213; learns of Mary’s abdication and threatens war, 218–20; refuses to recognise Moray as regent, 221
1568: refuses to send Mary back to Scotland, 231, 234; orders inquiry into Mary’s conduct in Darnley murder, 234–7; court of inquiry instigated, 237–8; promises to restore Mary to the throne, 241; Darnley’s murder inquiry, 244–50; inquiry moved to London, 252–4; and ‘casket letters’, 256, 258–9; suspends inquiry, 258, 259–60
1569: imprisons Norfolk, 266; crushes Northern Rebellion, 267–8
1570: excommunicated, 268
1571: Ridolfi plot discovered, 272–3
1572: signs Norfolk’s death warrant, 273; refuses to allow Mary to stand trial, 276–7
1573: Edinburgh Castle falls to Protestant lords, 278
1574: learns of Dudley’s affairs 282
1583: Throckmorton executed, 290
1584: ‘Bond of Association’ created, 294–5
1585: ‘Act for the Queen’s safety’ passed, 295; offers to recognise James as her heir, 295–6
1586: Babington plot discovered, 300–3; Mary arrested, 303, 304–5; Babington conspirators executed, 306; Mary put on trial, 307–17; refuses to execute Mary, 318–19; told of Stafford plot, 321; requests Mary’s assassination, 322–3
1587: signs Mary’s death warrant, 323–5; tries to delay affixing of the seal, 325; learns of Mary’s execution, 335–6; Tilbury speech, 338; defeats Spanish Armada, 338–9
1603: death 339
appearance and character, 45, 48–9, 54, 128
childhood, 51–2, 53–5, 58–9, 63
clothing and jewels, 121, 123
education, 64–6, 75
ill health, 73, 81–2, 115, 278, 284
marriage prospects, 24, 55, 64, 73–4, 79–80, 97, 124–7, 130–1, 275, 284
relationship with Anne Boleyn, 51–2, 53, 55, 58, 63, 119, 121
relationship with Henry VIII, 53–4, 58, 63–4
relationship with James I and VI, 295–6
relationship with Mary I, 45–6, 54–5, 79–83, 119
relationship with Mary, Queen of Scots, 48, 93, 96, 111–12, 114–16, 137–41, 164, 167–8, 181–2, 228, 230–1, 234, 241, 250, 251–2, 260–2, 276–7, 305, 325–6
relationship with Robert Dudley, 47, 129–32, 134, 139, 144, 291, 292, 294
relationship with Thomas Seymour, 72–5
religion, 115, 122–4
succession, 113–17, 137–8, 145, 167, 289
Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 5, 126, 340–1, 342
Elkes, Thomas, 284
Elphinstone, Euphemia, 33
Eltham Palace, London, 54
English Constitution, The (Bagehot), 342
Eric, Prince of Sweden, 129
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, 126
Erskine, John, Earl of Mar, 33, 34, 192, 197, 198, 210, 270, 277
Erskine, Margaret, 33, 102
Essex, Earl of, see Devereux, Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex
Eure, Sir Ralph, 28
Eure, Sir William, 27, 28
Fairie Queene, The (Spenser), 194
Falkland Palace, Scotland, 15, 17, 22
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, 118, 129–30, 136
Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, 42
Field of the Cloth of Gold, 13, 114
First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women (Knox), 89–90, 110
FitzAlan, Henry, 19th Earl of Arundel, 47, 128, 130, 265
Fleming, Agnes, Lady Livingston, 267
Fleming, John, 5th Lord Fleming, 230
Fleming, Lady, see Stewart, Janet, Lady Fleming
Fleming, Mary, 33–4, 35, 38, 107–8, 117, 144, 163, 171, 190, 204, 208, 242, 278
Fletcher, Richard, Dean of Peterborough, 320, 328, 332–4, 337
Flodden, Battle of (1513), 25
Fontainebleau Palace, France, 10
Forster, Sir Anthony, 131
Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, 306, 307, 319, 321, 324, 325, 326, 328, 334, 340
Francis I, King of France, 14, 29, 55, 114
Francis II, King of France, 87–8, 91–4, 96–7, 130
as dauphin, 36, 40
coronation, 92, 101
death, 98–9, 100
marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots, 7–13, 39, 41, 42–3
Francis III, Duke of Brittany, 29–30
Francis, Duke of Anjou, 40, 284, 290, 292
Francis, Duke of Guise, 8, 114, 143, 290, 298
François III d’Orléans, Duke of Longueville, 14, 35, 37
Fraser, Antonia, 286
Frederick II, King of Denmark, 237, 270, 271, 281
‘French Paris’ see Hubert, Nicholas
Gabriel, Comte de Montgomery, 91
Gifford, Gilbert, 297–301, 302, 343
Glasgow, 171–2
Gordon, George, 4th Earl of Huntly, 22, 24, 26, 37, 109, 116–17, 151
Gordon, George, 5th Earl of Huntly, 109, 116, 156, 158–9, 163, 188, 200, 206, 269
and Ainslie tavern bond, 191–2
and Darnley’s murder, 168–9, 180, 186, 223
Gordon, Jean, Countess of Bothwell, 33, 151, 183–4, 188, 202, 270
Gordon, Sir John, 117
Gordon family, 20, 21
Grange, Kirkaldy, 192
Gray, Francis, 288
Greenwich Palace, 50, 58, 60, 61, 62, 323
Greenwich, Treaty of, 24, 26
Grey, Henry, 6th Earl of Kent, 326, 327–8, 331, 333
Grey, Lady Jane, 44, 71, 76–7, 81, 82
Grey, Lady Katherine, 112–14, 280, 291
Grey, Lady Mary, 112–13
Grindal, Edmund, Archbishop of York, 122–3
Grindal, William, 66, 73
Guise family, 14–15, 30, 36, 39–42, 48, 49, 88–9, 92–4, 96, 98, 100, 103, 115, 118, 137, 139, 231, 265, 277, 281
Guy, John, 246
Haddington, Scotland, 27, 30, 32
Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh and Woodhouselee, James, 269
Hamilton of Finnart, Sir James, 16, 17, 22
Hamilton, Anne, Countess of Huntly, 162
Hamilton, James, 1st Earl of Arran, 23–4
Hamilton, James, 2nd Earl of Arran, 22, 109, 116, 139, 144, 146, 149, 168, 173, 227
as regent, 23–5, 26–8, 30–1, 32, 33, 37–9
leads Lords of the Congregation, 93–4
resigns as regent, 38
Hamilton, James, 3rd Earl of Arran, 24, 97, 116–18, 130, 138–9
Hamilton, John, Archbishop of St Andrews, 38–9
‘Hamilton bond’, 226
Hamilton family, 12, 20, 22, 23–4, 173, 224
Harding, Thomas, 283–4<
br />
Hastings, Henry, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon, 266–8
Hatfield Palace, Hertfordshire, 46–7, 52, 53, 54, 84–5
Hatton, Sir Christopher, 292, 309, 311, 325
Hay, John, 223
Henry I, Duke of Guise, 139
Henry II, King of France, 29–32, 33–4, 36–9, 42, 125
and Mary, Queen of Scots, 8, 11–13, 31–2, 34, 42–3, 87–9
death, 91–2
Henry III, King of France, 40, 278, 281, 329–30
Henry VI, King of England, 18
Henry VII, King of England, 13
Henry VIII, King of England, 13, 15, 18, 21, 67–8, 114, 173, 343
‘Rough Wooing’, 26
and Scotland, 16–17, 20–5, 26–8
death, 28–9, 69
relationship with Anne Boleyn, 49–51, 56–60, 61–2
relationship with Anne of Cleves, 65–6
relationship with Catherine Howard, 65–6
relationship with Catherine of Aragon, 49, 56, 59, 79
relationship with Elizabeth, 53–4, 58, 63–4
relationship with Jane Seymour, 56–7, 61–4
relationship with Katherine Parr, 66
relationship with Mary I, 54, 63
relationship with Mary, Queen of Scots, 24–5, 26, 68
relationship with the Earl of Arran, 24
Henry, Duke of Guise, 329
Henry, King of Navarre, 277
Hepburn, John, 179, 190, 223–4
Hepburn, Patrick, 3rd Earl of Bothwell, 24, 28
Hepburn, James, 4th Earl of Bothwell, 97–8, 109, 111, 116–18, 151, 156, 158–60, 162, 168–9, 188 Ainslie tavern bond, 190–1
and casket letters, 215–16, 244–8
and Darnley’s murder inquiry, 249, 252
and Darnley’s murder, 172–4, 175, 178–80, 181, 182–4, 186–90, 215–16
and Mary, Queen of Scots, 97–8, 106, 116–17, 130, 166–7, 172, 184–5, 187–92, 193–9, 200–7, 208–10, 236, 237
death, 284
divorce from Mary, 249, 265, 270–1, 277
imprisonment in Denmark, 270, 280–1
kidnap and rape of Mary, 192–9
Herbert, William, 1st Earl of Pembroke, 47
Herries, Lord, see Maxwell, John, 4th Baron Herries
Hertford, Earl of (1500–52), see Seymour, Edward, 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp
Hertford, Earl of (1539–1621), see Seymour, Edward, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Baron Beauchamp
Hilton, Lisa, 86
Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, 15, 21
Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, 106, 107, 111, 142–3, 154, 158, 159
Holyroodhouse, see Holyrood Palace
Home, Elizabeth, 23
Horne, Robert, Bishop of Winchester, 268
Howard, Agnes, Duchess of Norfolk, 51, 66
Howard, Catherine, Queen of England, 21, 60, 65–6, 72, 129, 195