by Donald Keene
11. Asukai Masamichi, Meiji taitei, p. 2.
GLOSSARY
bakufu Shogunate, the government headed by the shogun in Edo
biwa Musical instrument resembling a mandolin
bugaku Dances of continental origin performed mainly at shrines and at the court
buke densō Liaison officers of the court who transmitted orders from the bakufu
chō Distance of about 100 yards
chokushi Envoy of the emperor
chōteki Enemy of the court
daijin Government minister
daijō -e Highly important ritual, usually performed by the emperor in the winter following his coronation
daimyo Landholding military lord
dajō daijin Prime minister of state, the highest-ranking official in the government
dajōkan Great Council of State, the supreme organ of government responsible to the emperor but abolished during the Meiji era
fukasogi Ceremony for both boys and girls, performed when they were between the ages of three and five, during which their hair was trimmed
gagaku Oldest surviving court music, orchestral and often performed with bugaku
gembuku Coming-of-age ceremony for boys, performed when they were between the ages of twelve and fifteen
genrō Elder statesman, usually someone who had served with distinction in the Restoration
gijō Administrative office, filled by daimyos
gisō Court spokesmen, usually three or four, who conveyed the commands of the emperor
gon no tenji Concubine of the emperor
Gosho Imperial palace in Kyoto, usually including the extensive area around the palace proper; used also for other palaces, such as the Aoyama Gosho
gyokuza Emperor’s seat, usually higher by one tatami than the tatami-covered floor
haihan chiken Abolition of the domains and establishment of the prefectures
hōkoku “Repayment” due to one’s country as a loyal citizen
hoshō Men in the highest posts of the bureaucracy
jiho Officers appointed by the emperor to advise him and supplement his decisions, a position established in 1877 and abolished in 1879
jijū Chamberlain
jitsugaku “Practical learning” that can be applied to government service, as opposed to purely philosophical learning
jōi Expulsion of foreigners, advocated by those who opposed opening the country
junkō “Progresses” made by the emperor to different regions of the country
kampaku Chancellor, the highest-ranking official in the government under the old system
karō Senior retainer of a daimyo
kemari “Kickball,” an elegant sport popular particularly with the nobility
kinjū Personal attendant of the emperor
kōbu gattai Union of the aristocracy and the military, the political creed of Emperor Kōmei
koku Measure of rice, about five bushels; also used to calculate a samurai’s income
kokutai National polity, often used to refer to the “emperor system”
nengō Era name, which always changed twice at fixed times in the cycle of sixty years but could be changed at any time in response to momentous events
nishikie Woodblock prints, especially those of the nineteenth century depicting contemporary scenes, known as “brocade pictures” because of their many colors
nusa Flapper waved by Shinto priests to drive away evil influences
nyōgo Court lady who ranked immediately below the empress
onyōji Yin-yang diviners
ōoku Private areas of the palace to which the emperor retired each day after completing his duties, as opposed to public areas, where he met people and studied documents
ōsei fukkō Restoration of royal rule
rōnin Masterless samurai, who no longer served a daimyo or another high-ranking person
ryō Unit of weight, used in the past for gold and silver currency
sa’in Legislative branch of the government, established in 1871
sakoku Closure of the country, the system that prevailed from the early seventeenth century to the end of the Tokugawa period
sangi Councillor, a position in the early Meiji government
san’yo Counselor, an office established and abolished in 1869
sei’in (shō in) Highest political organ, established in 1871 and abolished in 1877
seii taishōgun “Great general and subduer of barbarians,” a title bestowed on the shogun by the emperor
sensei Teacher, a title of respect used even of people who are not teachers
settō Sword bestowed by the emperor on a commander when he set out to do battle
shinnō Prince of the blood
shizoku Samurai class
shō Traditional musical instrument resembling a panpipe
shōin Executive branch of the government, established in 1871 and headed by the emperor
shoshidai Representative of the bakufu in Kyō to who oversaw all the activities in the palace, the city, and the surrounding area, a position established in 1600 and abolished in 1867
shugo Constable, a high-ranking position, especially during the Muromachi period
songō Honorific title, usually dajō tennō, given to the father of an emperor who had not reigned as emperor
sonjō Shortened form of the compound term sonnō jōi
sonnō Respect for the emperor, a loyalist slogan
sōsai High-ranking supervisory post filled only by a member of the imperial family, a position established in January 1869 and abolished in May 1869
sōshi Nationalist ruffian
taewon’gun In Korea, the father of an emperor who had not reigned as emperor
tairō Senior statesman who assisted the shogun
taisei hōkan Return of political power by the shogun to the emperor
tanka Classical verse form in thirty-one syllables
tenchū Punishment of heaven, the word used to justify the assassination of men suspected of disloyalty
tenji Court lady of relatively high rank, often promoted from gon no tenji
Tenshi-sama Old-fashioned appellation for the emperor
Tōkaidō Highway between Kyōto and Edo
u-in Judicial branch of the government, established in 1871
yatoi Foreign employee of the government during the Meiji period
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