Forcing the Spring: Inside the Fight for Marriage Equality
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Proposition 22 in, 194
California Assembly, 165
California Family Council, 187
California Legislature, 194, 246, 324
California Supreme Court, 4, 19, 20, 29, 36, 37, 43, 45, 87, 105, 144, 244, 246, 261, 308
standing-related decision of, 270, 271
Stewart and, 54, 58, 115, 182, 352
Cameron, David, 285
campaign finance, 50, 123, 167–68
Campaign for California Families, 60
Campbell, James, 156, 159
Canada, 254
Cappuccio, Paul, 344, 345, 386–87
Carlbom, Richard, 331
Carney, Jay, 277, 353, 354
Carpenter, Dale, 316, 317, 318
Casey v. Planned Parenthood, 343–44
Catholic Church, 409
Cordileone, Archbishop Salvatore, 162
Dolan, Archbishop Timothy, 267, 409
Pope Benedict, 175
Pope Francis, 409
Catholic Reporter, 405
Catholics, 51, 56, 77, 83, 98, 174, 175, 215, 223, 261, 267, 285, 287, 294, 306, 324, 331, 409
same-sex marriage supported by, 376
on Supreme Court, 162, 335, 376
Cato Institute, 66, 218–19
Catone, Gabe, (Bruce Cohen’s husband), 85, 226, 260–62
Catullo, Kim, 261
CBS, 345–46
CBS News Web site, 214–15
Center for American Progress, 66, 218
Chauncey, George, 115–20, 126, 140, 253
checks-and-balances system, 98–99
Cheney, Dick, 14, 49
Chicago, Ill., 157, 330
Obama in, 3, 4, 166, 333
child abuse, 135, 172
child custody, 28, 31
child molesters, 116, 117, 118
children, 37, 74, 132–39, 142, 144–45, 147, 185–88, 272, 285, 286–87, 297
adoption of, 7, 31, 93, 133, 161, 206–7, 208, 215, 240, 364, 365
black, 109
born out of wedlock, 61, 152
foster, 31, 208, 240
gays portrayed as enemies of, 115, 162
procreation and, 51, 61, 68, 87–88, 90–91, 109, 112, 274, 368, 371
sex with, 69, 121
well-being and protection of, 35, 54, 93–95, 99, 102–3, 117–18, 122, 133, 150, 185, 204, 209, 215, 216, 218, 240, 243, 246, 249, 318, 328–29, 357, 363, 365, 376
Child Welfare League of America, 134
China, 94, 267
Chou, Danny, 140
Christian Legal Society v. Martinez, 224–25
Christians, 99, 113, 215, 224, 291, 296, 364
born-again, 340
evangelical, 69, 155, 158, 163, 185, 189, 262, 324, 327, 352–53
Cillizza, Chris, 380
Citizens United, 50, 123
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 167–68
City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 314–15
civil lawsuits, 67
civil rights, 15, 21, 36, 66, 84, 86, 108–9, 164, 166, 213, 214, 280, 318, 325, 352
same-sex marriage and, 10, 45, 51, 139, 186, 220, 250, 288, 327, 338, 357, 358
tour of landmarks of, 380–82
civil unions, 9, 13, 90, 144–47, 150, 259, 285, 286, 294, 305
Clement, Paul, 408
brief of, 366, 370, 371
in oral arguments, 400, 402–3, 404
selection of, in Windsor case, 315–16
Clementi, Tyler, 238
Clinton, Bill, 3–4, 7–10, 32, 33, 113, 167–68, 293–94, 297, 300, 303, 304
Chad’s work for, 4, 5–6, 24, 25, 66
gay rights and, 9–10
speeches of, 24–25
Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 10, 50, 65, 300, 377
Clooney, George, 278, 279
CNN, 215, 226, 237, 239, 263, 277, 298, 380, 381
Coates, Delman, 326–27
COBRA health care, 325
Cohen, Bruce, 18–19, 23, 26, 29, 32, 51, 85, 100, 167, 219, 226, 382, 384–85, 426, 433
at NYC gay pride parade, 260, 261
on Supreme Court’s granting cert, 345–46
Cole-Schwartz, Michael, 322, 333
Colfer, Chris, 282
Collins, Jason, 409
Colorado, 15, 54, 56, 67, 158, 243, 316
Columbia Law School, 325
Columbia University, 317–18, 335
Comey, Jim, 350
Conference of Catholic Bishops, U.S., 376
Conference of Southern Baptist Evangelists, 324
conflict of interest, 47, 48
Congress, U.S., 30, 50, 166, 194, 195, 237, 302, 315, 347, 350, 355, 370, 376
DOMA and, 248, 251, 258, 259, 315, 350, 355, 370, 376
see also Senate, U.S.
Connecticut, 9, 255
Conscience of a Conservative, The (Goldwater), 350
“Conservative Case for Gay Marriage, The” (Olson), 66
conservatives, 56, 77, 108, 124, 129, 186, 187, 219, 240, 264, 293–94, 328–30, 350, 377
Burke’s role among, 114
evangelical, 9
Federalist Society and, 8, 14, 49–50, 314
in Ninth Circuit, 227, 235
Olson and, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 22, 31, 49, 185, 355
in South, 24
in Supreme Court, 11, 16, 18, 84, 123, 234, 335, 341, 342, 392, 401, 403, 404
Constitution, U.S., 8, 13, 14, 55, 81, 82, 88, 104, 233, 273, 307, 316, 336, 342, 345, 352, 354, 364, 365, 376, 380, 382
Article II of, 258
Article III of, 232
due process clause of, 15, 19, 50, 60, 87, 90, 222, 223, 232, 325, 343–44, 367, 413
equal protection clause of, 15, 19, 50, 87, 90, 222, 223, 232, 274, 314–15, 325, 340, 347, 359, 367, 395, 402, 404, 413
Fourteenth Amendment of, 395
interpretation of, 49–50, 108
political power and, 164
Tayrani’s view of, 123–24
conversion therapy, 155–59, 178, 215, 282, 324
Cooper, Chuck, 55–56, 59–63, 66–69, 71, 72–73, 74, 84, 106–7, 119–23, 129, 131, 162, 173, 176, 184, 188, 189, 249, 299, 306, 313, 316–20, 345, 353, 355, 400, 411
amicus curiae and, 349
appellate court case and, 232–33, 235–36, 239–40, 243–46, 270–75, 278–79, 307, 308
Badgett cross-examined by, 149, 151–53
Blankenhorn’s switching sides and, 313
case management hearing and, 60–63
cert petition of, 313, 340–41
closing arguments of, 198, 216–18
cross-examination by, 75, 97–98, 101, 106
and daughter’s lesbianism, 429–32
Eastman and, 365, 374
8 and, 279
en banc review and, 278–79, 307, 313–14
expert witnesses and, 108–10, 112, 114, 119, 126, 142, 163–64, 191–92, 197, 198, 202–4, 206–9, 223
on first day of trial, 85–86, 89–95, 99, 101–2, 106, 133
Hollingsworth decision and, 414–15, 419, 420–21
Hollingsworth oral arguments and, 365, 366, 374, 376, 386, 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396–97, 417
Kendall’s testimony and, 155–56, 431
motion to disqualify Walker by, 271–72, 308, 319
overarching legal argument of, 191
Perry trial dilemma of, 101–2
and plaintiff weddings, 429
political power and, 144, 160
Sanders and, 144, 147
strategic thinking of, 149, 349
Walker’s decision and, 221, 223–24
<
br /> Cooper, Debbie, 146, 177, 397, 430–31
Corallo, Mark, 400
Cordileone, Salvatore, 162–63
Coronet, 116–17
Cott, Nancy, 109–14, 217
Courage Campaign, 73
Court of Appeals, U.S., 314, 337
First Circuit, 314, 337
Second Circuit, 255–56, 337, 357
see also Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
coverture, doctrine of, 111–12
Cox, Doug, 49
Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education, 340
Creative Artists Agency, 23
Crumley, Amanda, 65, 66, 148, 167, 227, 237
Cunningham, Jennifer, 266
Cuomo, Andrew, 265–67
Curtis, Jamie Lee, 279
Davidson, Jon, 29, 30–31
Davis, Kingsley, 391
Davis, Miles, 192
Dean, Howard, 300
Declaration of Independence, 380, 382
Defense Department, U.S., 192, 283, 417
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), 10, 19, 198, 268, 280, 314–16, 349–51, 363, 377
as “collective moral judgment,” 402–3
economic effects of, 19, 48, 293
Justice Department and, 19, 248–52, 255–56, 257–59, 355–57
Obama and, 90, 248–51, 258–59, 284, 286
Supreme Court and, 272, 335, 337–44, 347, 356, 400; see also Windsor case
as unconstitutional, 413
DeGeneres, Ellen, 148, 300, 322
Delaware, 107, 359
same-sex marriage in, 409
democracy, 192, 198, 214, 256, 317, 342, 356, 366
Democracy in America (de Tocqueville), 350
Democrats, Democratic Party, 3–4, 120, 129, 194, 219, 238, 288, 331
DOMA opposed by, 377
fund-raising for, 18, 32, 284, 300
in New York State, 261, 265–67
Olson’s appointment held up by, 42
Olson’s search for co-counsel and, 22, 39–42
same-sex marriage and, 9–10, 186, 293, 380
Department of Agriculture v. Moreno, 314
deputy clerks, 244, 245
Dettmer, Ethan, 180–81
Diamond v. Charles, 232–33
Diller, Barry, 283
Dinkins, David, 267
discrimination, 16, 46, 74–75, 87, 89, 98–99, 105–6, 156, 173, 187, 188, 214, 220, 222, 224–25, 256, 258, 305, 316, 344
appeals case and, 239, 240, 242
Chauncey’s views on, 115, 117, 119–21, 126
in Colorado, 15, 54, 56
DOMA and, 250
employment, 13, 166, 194, 196, 254, 285, 302
housing, 160, 352
intermediate scrutiny and, 17
Meyer’s views on, 126–28
Miller’s views on, 193, 194, 196, 198
Ninth Circuit and, 232, 239
racial, 13, 16–17, 33, 49, 160, 198
religion and, 162
Sanders’s views on, 146
Segura’s views on, 160–61, 194
state-sponsored, 12, 14, 198–99
strict scrutiny test and, 17
see also segregation
dismiss as improvidently granted (DIG), 391–93
disorderly conduct statutes, 116
divorce, 20, 28, 91, 105, 134, 138, 236, 246, 301, 306
in Massachusetts, 153–54, 234–35
Doe v. Reed, 213–14
Dolan, Timothy, 267, 409
Dole, Bob, 326
doll test, 109, 126
domestic partnerships, 13, 75, 89, 97, 105, 139, 150, 151, 164, 165, 173–74, 208, 216, 240, 308, 340
in Washington State, 213–14
donors, gay, 27–29, 294
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy, 10, 40, 128, 166, 237, 265, 284, 289, 296
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 341
Dowd, Maureen, 148
Dred Scott, 76–77
Drudge Report, 329
drugs, 27, 45
Duberstein, Ken, 350
due process clause, 15, 19, 50, 60, 87, 90, 222, 223, 232, 325, 343–44, 367, 413
Duff, Hilary, 302
Duke University, 59
Duncan, Arne, 295
Dunn, Anita, 372, 374–75
Dusseault, Chris, 58, 71, 73, 111, 122, 169, 273, 423–24
video compilation and, 184–90
Dwyer, Molly, 423–24
Eastman, John, 364–65, 374
Edison Research, 331
Edmonson, Thaddeus Donald, 342
Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company, 342–43
education, 59, 187, 188, 216, 224, 244, 350
public, 35, 36, 144, 194, 362
segregation of, 50, 107, 109, 258, 279, 336, 352
Egan, Edmund, 150
8 (play), 261–62, 278–84, 301, 302, 305, 329, 378
“eight-state solution,” 359
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 117, 254, 358
elections, U.S.:
of 1964, 12
of 2000, 7–8, 13, 39, 42, 70, 231–32
of 2004, 9, 262, 264, 289
of 2008, 3–5, 18, 58, 65, 289, 293, 332
of 2010, 219–20, 227, 238
of 2012, 18, 31, 257, 272, 277, 279, 284, 288–90, 294, 296–98, 302, 321–23, 325–27, 329–34, 336, 354, 377
of 2016, 295, 377
Elisa (Enrique Monagas’s daughter), 44, 276–77, 386
Emancipation Proclamation, 380
Emanuel, Rahm, 250
Emily (Piepmeier’s wife), 181, 183
employment discrimination, 13, 166, 194, 196, 254, 285, 302
en banc review, 278–79, 300, 304, 306–9, 313–14
Episcopal Church, 324
equality, equal rights, 21, 24, 26, 28, 34, 36, 81, 86, 87, 89–90, 117, 291, 296, 298, 344, 345, 350, 368
Obama’s inaugural address and, 352–53
equal protection clause, 14, 15, 19, 50, 87, 90, 109, 222, 223, 232, 274, 325, 340, 347, 359, 367, 395, 402, 404, 413
Stevens’s views on, 314–15
Eskridge, William, 322
Esseks, James, 255
estate planning, 48, 252, 370
Evangelis, Theane, 234, 273
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex (but Were Afraid to Ask) (Reuben), 128
executions, lethal injection, 45
executive orders, 166, 214, 285
extra judicial protection, 156, 160
Facebook, 302, 304, 333, 378, 380, 383
Faith and Freedom Coalition, 332
Fallon, Jerome, 269, 277, 304, 322, 330, 331, 372, 385
Falwell, Jerry, 167
Family Research Council, 171–72, 186, 215
Faust, Hannah, 378
FBI, 48, 161
federal benefits, 10, 19, 166, 248, 314, 345, 350, 351, 356, 370–71
federalism, 315, 344, 345, 359
Federalist Society, 8, 13, 14, 49–50, 314, 376
feeling thermometer, 161
Feinstein, Dianne, 9
Ferguson, Jesse Tyler, 279, 378
Field, Sally, 260
finances, 50, 122, 134
campaign, 50, 123, 167–68
of same-sex couples, 10, 19, 48, 150, 208
First Amendment, 68, 224
First Circuit Court of Appeals, 314, 337
Fleischer, Ari, 377
Florida, 5, 8, 70, 117, 231, 304, 332, 346, 379
Florida Legislature, 231
Florida Supreme Court, 70
Focus on the Family, 158, 163
Fonda, Henry, 17
foster parents, 31, 208
Fourteenth Amendment, 50, 109, 367, 395
Fox News, 329–30
France, 409
Francis, Pope, 409
Frankfurter, Felix, 336
Franklin, Benjamin, 406
Freedom to Marry, 27, 226, 280, 326, 362
Freud, Sigmund, 178
Frontline (TV show), 342
Frum, David, 14
fund-raising, 21, 165, 261, 268, 321
for AFER, 31–33, 219, 263–66
for Democrats, 18, 32, 284, 300
Gallagher, Maggie, 162–63, 204, 226, 279, 328–29
Gallup polling, 62
Garlow, Jim, 189
Garrett, Eric, 237
Gates, Bill, 70
gay bashing, 196
gay lawyers, 75–76, 127, 181, 182, 187–88
Gay Marriage: Why It Is Good for Gays, Good for Straights, and Good for America (Rauch), 317
Gay Olympic Games, 44–45, 48
gay rights, gay rights movement, 6, 7, 9–10, 23, 34, 45, 362
activists in, 21–22, 27–29, 51, 56, 65, 73, 82, 117, 140–41, 151, 212, 220, 222, 248, 251, 268, 285
assertiveness of, 353–54
donors and, 27–29
invisibility of, 281
legal community of, 57
Stewart and, 57, 58
see also same-sex marriage
gays and lesbians, 9, 13, 23–26, 34, 49, 57, 75–76, 145, 148, 178, 181–82, 183, 187, 215, 252–55
ballot initiatives and, 160–61, 194, 195, 213–14
in Colorado, 15
federal benefits denied to, 10, 19, 248
marriage of, see same-sex marriage
in military, 6, 10, 31, 40, 120, 128, 166, 194, 237, 265, 283, 296, 363
political power and, 165
stereotyped as criminals and perverts, 74, 115, 116, 124, 132, 135
stereotypes of, 116–18, 128, 198, 258
subcultures of, 115–16
as suspect or quasi-suspect class, 16–17, 40, 92, 178, 243
Geffen, David, 32–33
gender, 224, 225, 352
General Mills, 323
General Motors, 327
George Mason University School of Law, 349
Gibbs, Melissa, 378
Gibson Dunn, 11, 20, 45, 46, 49, 56, 58, 59, 69, 71, 232, 239, 240, 345, 347, 360, 361, 373, 374–75
Los Angeles office of, 270, 345
San Francisco office of, 64, 66, 67, 73, 106, 132, 141, 223–25, 234, 424
Gill, Tim, 29
Gill Action Fund, 266
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 21, 216, 224, 272, 325, 335, 341, 366, 420
Arizona case and, 233, 244, 246
Hollingsworth case and, 395, 402, 421
Windsor case and, 401–2
Glee (TV musical comedy), 279, 282, 283