Forcing the Spring: Inside the Fight for Marriage Equality
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Goldman Sachs, 267, 293
Goldwater, Barry, 12, 350
Good Morning America (TV show), 295, 296
Google, 194, 280
Gore, Al, 7, 39, 41, 231, 300
Goren, Charles, 231
government, homosexuals barred from, 117, 254
Gregory, David, 287–88
Greisman, Alan, 260
Griffin, Chad, 3–39, 42, 47, 51, 53, 63, 64–66, 67, 70, 104, 106, 209–13, 284–87, 297–304, 307, 323, 328, 346, 351, 381–82, 393, 422
anger of, 46, 57
appellate case and, 233–41, 246–47, 270, 272–74, 307
Black’s first meeting with, 23–26, 27
career-building tactics of, 33
civil rights landmarks tour and, 380–82
coming out of, 5, 25
double loss of, 236–37
Holder and, 357
Hollingsworth oral arguments and, 361–62, 396, 403
Hollingsworth political groundwork prepared by, 353–55, 357, 358, 359, 378–80, 383–85, 389–90
Human Rights Campaign and, 280–81, 300–304, 321–22, 325–27, 330–34, 338, 361–62, 364, 372–75, 378–80
Jerome’s relationship with, 269, 277, 304, 322, 330, 372
Mehlman and, 263–64, 265
at New York gay pride parade, 260–62, 268–69
Olson’s first meeting with, 11–17
plaintiff selection and, 34, 35–39, 41
political background of, 3–4, 24, 25
Prop 8 and, 4–7, 56
after Supreme Court decisions, 416–18, 419, 427
Supreme Court decisions and, 406–8, 410, 411, 414, 415–16, 421
and Supreme Court’s granting cert, 338, 345
timing of filing and, 43
trial and, 69, 72–73, 78, 81–86, 108, 126, 129–31, 142, 144, 146, 147–48, 154, 167–68, 170, 174, 197, 200, 217–21, 223–24, 226, 227
and wedding of Kris and Sandy, 424–29, 432–33
at White House, 4, 6, 24, 353–55
Windsor case and, 401, 405
Griffin, David, 236–37
Griffin Schake, 4–5, 65
Grove, Lisa, 290, 293
Gutierrez, Carlos, 350
harassment, antigay, 198, 200–201, 238
Harris, Kamala, 238, 416
and plaintiff weddings, 428–29, 432, 433
Harris, Sean, 297
Harvard Law School, 335
hate crimes, 127, 147, 161, 194–95, 208
Hawaii, 20, 28, 56, 308, 354, 359
Hawkins, Michael, 235, 243, 244, 246, 307
health benefits, 150
health care system, 235–36, 256–57
Herek, Gregory, 177–83
Herrera, Dennis, 56–58, 143–47, 241, 386
heterosexuality, heterosexuals, 179, 180, 206, 215, 218, 223, 224, 288, 328
marriage rate and, 151–54, 205
High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office, 192
HIV/AIDS, 26–27, 32, 124, 194, 302
Holder, Eric, 248–50, 255–59, 356–59, 400, 401
and implementation of Windsor, 417–18
Hollingsworth, Dennis, 121, 365–70
Hollingsworth v. Perry, 354, 358, 360
amicus curiae in, 349–52, 358, 390
government position in, 359
Kennedy’s dissent in, 418, 419–20
media and, 361–65
merits argument in, 386, 392, 420, 421
oral argument in, 370–72, 373, 383–98
Roberts’s decision and, 414–15, 418, 419, 420, 421–22
Roberts’s opinion and, 411–12
Scalia’s accusations and, 419–20
standing doctrine in, 386, 391–92, 393, 398, 401–2, 404, 410, 414–15, 420–21
Supreme Court’s granting cert in, 335, 345–48, 391–93
Walker’s decision and, 422
White House visit and, 353–55
Hollywood, Calif., 4, 6, 18, 23, 32, 89, 219, 225–26, 261
gays and, 115, 120
Hollywood Reporter, 424
Holocaust, 6
Holtzman, Steven, 141, 152
Homeland Security Department, U.S., 417
homophobia, 99, 115–18, 124, 145, 207–8, 281, 324
internalized, 128, 182–83
homosexuality:
as behavioral choice versus immutable characteristic, 192, 317–18
diseases and, 171
as gender disorder pathology, 134–35
Herek’s views on, 177–83
as mental illness, 157, 178
as normal, 178
past characterization as disease, 136, 175
as perversion, 215
religion and, 25, 158, 162–64, 178
see also gays and lesbians
homosexual sex, 30–31, 34, 61
Hoover, J. Edgar, 26
Hoover, Margaret, 130
hospital visitation rights, 290
House of Representatives, U.S., 265, 315
housing discrimination, 160, 352
Huffington Post, 130, 417
human rights, 100, 342
Human Rights Campaign (HRC), 165, 280–81, 300–304, 321–22, 325–27, 330–34, 338, 361, 364, 378, 383, 401, 407, 424, 425
Supreme Court media coverage handled by, 361–62, 364, 372–75, 378–79
Hunter, Nan, 51
Hunter v. Erickson, 352
I Am Harvey Milk, 426
“I Am Your Child” campaign, 6
Idaho, 20, 240
Ilaria (Bruce Cohen and Gabe’s daughter), 262, 269
illegal immigrants, 161, 199, 316
Illinois, 233, 359
immutability test, 156
Imperial County, Calif., 244, 245, 261
incest, 172, 173–74, 368–69
Indiana, 238
inevitability factor, 362–63, 374
Institute for American Values, 202, 204, 318
insurance policies, 19
international law, 350
interracial marriage, 15, 33, 62, 90–91, 110–11, 113, 175–76, 188, 206, 351, 354, 356, 357, 395, 396
in Virginia, 88, 90, 336, 354, 373
Iowa Supreme Court, 32, 325
Jackson, Andrew, 421
Jackson, Harry, 186
Jackson, Robert H., 50
Jacobs, Rick, 73
Jansson, Mark, 121, 163
Japanese Americans, 24
Jarrett, Valerie, 250, 265, 293, 295, 354, 355, 359, 388, 400
Jay-Z, 325, 383
Jealous, Ben, 327, 358, 385
Jennings, Jesika, 381–82
Jerome (Chad’s boyfriend), 304, 322, 330, 331, 372
Jews, 109, 175, 324, 335
Jim Crow laws, 24, 258
John, Elton, 219
Jones, Barbara S., 314
Jones, Cleve, 26–27, 85, 100, 120, 124–25, 333, 378, 380, 384–85, 388, 428, 429
judges, disqualification of, 48–49
judicial activism, 199–200
judicial restraint, 242
juries, 193, 342–43
Justice Department, U.S., 51, 129, 315, 349, 354–57, 358
Civil Division of, 249, 256
DOMA and, 2, 19, 255–59
Office of Legal Counsel at, 13, 55
Office of Solicitor General at, 8, 13, 42, 256, 315, 349–52, 355–58
in Reagan administration, 48, 51, 55, 233
Kagan, Elena, 214–15, 256, 335, 409
in Hollingsworth v. Perry, 394, 396, 421
in Windsor case and, 402–3
Kaiser Fami
ly Foundation, 122
Kaplan, Robbie, in Windsor case, 252–55, 257, 259, 337–38, 345, 350
brief of, 366, 418
after decision, 417
Hollingsworth v. Perry and, 360, 419
media and, 362
in moots for, 361, 370–72
in oral arguments, 399–404
Supreme Court’s decision and, 407
Karcher v. May, 244, 414
Karlan, Pam, 361
Katami, Paul, 38–39, 46, 71, 73–75, 81–85, 95, 96–97, 98–100, 107, 221–22, 245, 262, 304, 347, 380, 420
appeals court case and, 232, 270, 272–74, 304
cross-examination of, 102–3, 106
after Hollingsworth decision, 416
Hollingsworth decision and, 408, 411
Hollingsworth oral arguments and, 373, 375, 378, 381, 383–85, 388, 393, 395
marriage of Jeff and, 339, 424, 429, 432–33, 434
testimony of, 98–99, 102
Katyal, Neal Kumar, 256
Katzenberg, Jeffrey, 283
Kaufman, Elaine, 254
Kay, Eric, 306–7, 378
Kendall, Ryan, 155–59, 160, 178, 215, 282, 431
Kendell, Kate, 51
Kennedy, Anthony, vii, 134, 149, 276, 335, 341–46, 366, 368, 370, 396, 406, 407, 410, 434
animus and, 60, 67, 68, 144
broadcast plan and, 73, 84, 123
Burke and, 114
as Catholic, 162
contradictions of, 341–43
DOMA and, 356
Hollingsworth dissent of, 418, 419–20
in Hollingsworth oral arguments, 389–93, 398
international law and, 350
Obama on federalism of, 359
phrases drawn from, 129, 290
Romer case and, 40, 274, 316, 344
as swing voter, 20, 129, 214, 224, 242, 290, 335, 341, 342–43, 403
Windsor case and, 403–4, 411–13, 418–19
Kerr, Orin, 50
Keys, Alicia, 219
kin altruism, 204, 206
King, Lawrence, 12
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 26, 28, 33, 326–27, 352, 357, 381
King & Spalding, 400
Kinsey, Alfred, 178
Kinsey scale, 179
Kirk, Mark, 409
Kline, Kevin, 261
Kluwe, Chris, 324–25
Koch, David, 293
Koch, Ed, 267
Kohr, Howard, 303
Kozinski, Alex, 239
Kravitch, Phyllis, 182
Ku Klux Klan, 303
labor unions, 198
Lady Gaga, 219, 282
Lamb, Michael, 132–39, 142
Lambda Legal, 29, 33, 39, 56–57, 236, 252, 280
Larry King Live (TV show), 215, 263
L.A. Times, 380
Latinos (Hispanics), 36, 161, 262, 294, 300–301, 331
Lavine, Rachel, 404
LawProse.org, 343
Lawrence v. Texas, 15–16, 20, 31, 39–40, 50, 60, 242, 344, 351, 368, 371, 387, 396, 404, 412, 419
Lear, Norman, 17–18, 32, 300
lesbians, see gays and lesbians
“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King), 33, 357
Levy, Robert A., 218–19
Lewinsky, Monica, 113
“LGBT” (lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgendered individuals) community, 9, 12, 220, 302, 322, 332, 333, 357
liberals, 21, 44, 49, 130, 136, 162, 219
in Ninth Circuit, 20, 227, 235, 322
Olson as viewed by, 8, 17, 22
in Supreme Court, 18, 21, 40, 123, 224, 272, 335, 341, 401–2, 404, 410, 420, 421
liberty, 15, 25, 60, 86, 110, 113, 129, 242, 2 90, 344, 368
religious, 162, 296
lifestyle, 75
Life+Times, 325
Limbaugh, Rush, 219
Lincoln, Abraham, 380
Lininger, Ashley, 430-32
Lipshutz, Josh, 347, 386, 423–24
liquor licensing, 116
Lombardo, Michael, 284, 285
Los Angeles, Calif., 4–7, 59, 161, 209, 211, 226, 237, 339, 347
AFER office in, 345
Biden gathering in, 284–88
8 in, 278–84, 305
Olson-Boies press conference in, 45–46
Los Angeles County, Calif., 245
Los Angeles Police Department, 220
Los Angeles Times, 271, 380
Loving, Mildred, 90
Loving v. Virginia (1967), 15, 62, 88, 90–91, 336, 351, 354, 356, 357, 373, 391, 395, 402
Lucas, Billy, 238
Lund, Nelson, 349
Lundry, Alex, 323
Lynch, Jane, 279
McCain, John, 293
McCain-Feingold law, 168
McCarthy, Joe, 117
McCaskill, Claire, 380
McConnell, Michael, 376
McConnell, Robert, 51
McDonald, Roy M., 267
McDonnell, Bob, 214
McDonough, Denis, 358
McGill, Lori Alvino, 224
McGill, Matt, 45, 67–70, 168, 184, 210, 365, 370–71, 412, 415
appeal case and, 233–35, 243
Hollingsworth v. Perry and, 365, 384, 386, 398
Perry trial and, 73, 86, 92–95, 107, 123, 130, 132–39, 160–61, 177, 224, 227
Tam’s withdrawal attempt and, 67, 121
Windsor case and, 371
McGill University religious scholars, 94, 163
McGrory, Mary, 59
McGuire, Maria, 375, 378, 380, 384, 397
McKissic, Dwight, 186
McLaughlin v. Florida, 402
McMurray, Adria-Ann, 305
Maddow, Rachel, 432
Maher, Bill, 263
mailing lists, 65
Maine, 60, 64, 294, 322, 323, 326
election of 2012 in, 322, 323, 325, 326, 332
“Make Change, Not Lawsuits” slogan, 18, 23
Making Our Democracy Work (Breyer), 421
Marbury v. Madison, 420
Marks, Loren, 93
marriage:
definitions of, 10, 13, 15, 19, 60, 89, 90–91, 94, 205, 206, 251, 316, 345, 350, 367, 368, 376
destabilization of, 53–54, 91, 111, 122, 151, 204–6, 216, 217, 318, 357
history of, 109–14
interracial, see interracial marriage
licenses for, 86–87, 104, 105, 215, 244, 245, 276
in Netherlands, 151–53
Peplau’s views on, 122
recognized as fundamental right by Supreme Court, 15–17, 86, 368, 369
same-sex, see same-sex marriage
U.S. legal changes and, 111–12
Marshall, Shumway, 378
Marshall, Thurgood, 214, 352
Marshals Service, U.S., 84
Martin Luther King Day, 139, 142
Maryland, 294, 322, 323, 324, 326, 354
election of 2012 in, 322, 323, 325, 326–27, 329, 331, 332
Massachusetts, 9, 19, 102, 150, 153–54, 280
marriage and divorce rates in, 153–54, 234–35
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 9
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, 194–95
media, 45, 60, 84, 93, 147–48, 193, 226, 263, 332
attempt to avoid attention of, 43
Supreme Court cases and, 361–65, 372–75, 378–79, 405
media war room, 32, 129, 131, 142, 147–48, 167, 169, 209, 210, 211, 290, 302
medical decisions, 6
Meese, Edwin, III, 129, 213
Meet the Press (
TV show), 287–88, 294, 374
Megan’s Law, 195
Mehlman, Ken, 262–67, 272, 275, 289–91, 293–97, 302, 303, 326, 327, 329, 331, 377, 384–85, 394, 398
amicus curiae and, 350–51
Obama talking points suggested by, 353–54
Project Right Side and, 289, 298, 323
Supreme Court cases and, 363, 364, 374, 382
mental illness, 157, 178
Messina, Jim, 265, 294, 410
Meyer, Ilan, 126–29, 181, 182, 183
Michaels, Lorne, 226
Michigan, 59
Microsoft, 41, 70, 141, 152
Mikita, Justin, 378
military, 215–16, 291
gays and lesbians in, 6, 10, 31, 40, 120, 128, 166, 194, 237, 265, 283, 296, 363
Milk, Harvey, 18, 23, 28, 29, 83, 124–25, 432, 433, 434
Milk (film), 18, 19, 23–24, 281
Miller, Kenneth, 192–200, 202, 203, 205
Minnesota, 59, 294, 322, 323, 324, 333–34
election of 2012 in, 322, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331, 333, 334
same-sex marriage and, 409
Minnesota v. Green Leaf Creamery Company, 218
minority groups, 16, 156, 160, 173, 198, 199, 232
see also specific groups
minority stress syndrome, 126–28
Mississippi, 318, 356
moderates, Republican, 12
Modern Family (TV show), 282, 378
Monagas, Carlos, Sr., 174–75
Monagas, Enrique, 43–44, 46, 76, 123, 174, 175, 210, 218, 225, 238, 386, 402, 424
appeals court case and, 243, 276–77
and Supreme Court’s granting cert, 345
Monagas, Jason, 44, 174, 175, 276, 386
monogamy, 113
Montana, 20
morality, 93, 113, 116–17, 120, 162, 173, 186, 258, 318, 342, 355, 358
Moral Majority, 167
Morgan Stanley, 267
Mormon Church, 25, 27, 121, 163, 235, 324, 427
Moss, Nicole, 170, 181, 189
Moulene, Kate, 7, 8
movies, 304
gays in, 18, 23–24, 120, 281
MSNBC, 275
Mt. Ennon Baptist Church, 326–27
murder, 12, 23, 161
Murkowski, Lisa, 409
Murphy, Mike, 219–20
Murphy, Ryan, 282
Murray, Shailagh, 288
Myers, Dee Dee, 24
NAACP, 300, 327, 358, 385
Naim v. Naim, 336
Nathanson, Paul, 94–95
National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Medicine, 127
National Archives, 380–82
National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), 158, 215
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 66, 262, 300, 327, 358
National Association of Social Workers, 134
National Center for Lesbian Rights, 51, 57