p. 267 ‘not having …’ Edwards op. cit. (p. xvi).
p. 267 ‘Soldiers and sailors …’ Montague, op. cit. (p. 95).
p. 268 ‘thousands of animals …’ Bourne, op. cit. (pp. 4–5).
p. 269 ‘Essex hound …’ Bourne, op. cit (pp. 75–6).
p. 269 ‘attractive dachshund …’ Bourne, op. cit. (p. 72).
p. 270 ‘she was smuggled aboard …’ (http://krrcassociation.com/swiftandbold/tich_the_desert_rat.pdf).
p. 270 ‘smoke a cigarette …’ Coronet Magazine, April 1960 (p. 111, www.oldmagazines.com).
p. 270 ‘Bob’, ‘Gyp’, ‘Lady’ …’ 12 January 1944 (TNA WO 204/7732 7380).
p. 270 ‘War Diary of the Corps of Military Police …’ (TNA WO 169/13320).
p. 271 ‘Lost, stolen or eaten …’ Clabby, The History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, 1916–1961 (p. 68).
p. 271 ‘a tiny terrier …’ Tail-Wagger Magazine, April 1944 (p. 73).
p. 272 ‘One soldier who was going home …’ Montague, op. cit. (p. 81).
p. 272 ‘asked us to come …’ ibid.
Chapter 25: Flying Pets
p. 273 ‘all these stories of flying kittens …’ The Cat, February 1943.
p. 273 ‘Aerodrome cats …’ ibid.
p. 273 ‘the alleged practice …’ The Cat, July 1943.
p. 274 ‘The rules say …’ Tail-Wagger Magazine, December 1942 (p. 245).
p. 274 ‘plug your dog’s ears …’ ibid.
p. 275 ‘a cat called ‘Windy …’ Desmond Morris, Cat World, Ebury Press, London, 1996 (p. 476).
p. 275 ‘Straddle …’ (http://www.vintagewings.ca/Vintage News/Stories).
p. 275 ‘Peter …’ Tail-Wagger Magazine, August 1944 (p. 138).
p. 275 ‘Antis took part …’ (http://wolfarmy.net/tag/vac lav-bozd).
p. 275 ‘Anthony (no. 46) …’ IWM Records of the PDSA Allied Forces Mascot Club (vol. 1).
p. 275 ‘Flying Officer Pim (no. 670) …’ ibid. (vol. 2).
p. 276 ‘which attach themselves …’ (TNA ADM 116/5505).
p. 276 ‘No mascot is so popular …’ Tail-Wagger Magazine, July 1945 (p. 129).
p. 276 ‘by 1943 the Charlton …’ Our Dumb Friends’ League Report for 1943.
p. 277 ‘a white Pomeranian …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 277 ‘to an unknown USAAF …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 278 ‘after a few hours …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 278 ‘The two dogs were …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 279 ‘a monkey and a honey bear …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 280 ‘Sinbad …’ (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/american-airfield-1).
p. 280 ‘cases so dreadful …’ Our Dumb Friends’ League Report for 1943.
p. 280 ‘discover that the tenant …’ ibid.
p. 280 ‘that the abominable …’ ibid.
p. 281 ‘while accompanying …’ ibid.
p. 281 ‘He would let no one …’ Smith, op. cit. (p. 54).
p. 281 ‘a Land Girl called Doris Adams …’ ibid. (p. 64).
p. 282 ‘Jenny and Toni …’ Heck, op. cit. (p. 98).
p. 282 ‘Treasure of the Gardens …’ Heck, op. cit. (p. 103).
p. 283 ‘a wolf taking tea …’ ibid. (p. 108).
p. 283 ‘Fantastic rumours …’ Studnitz, While Berlin Burns (p. 140).
p. 283 ‘Very good were the crocodiles …’ Heck, op. cit. (p. 107).
Chapter 26: The D-Day Dogs
p. 284 ‘bit one lady …’ (TNA FO 372/4047).
p. 285 ‘hidey hole …’ ZSL Newscuttings.
p. 285 ‘special duty in detecting …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 286 ‘a dog belonging to a Flying …’ Hansard, 24 February 1944.
p. 286 ‘Everything we see …’ ibid.
p. 286 ‘might be executed …’ (http://news.google.com/newspapers), Milwaukee Journal, 24 January 1944.
p. 286 ‘Recon went through …’ (www.303rdbg.com/photo-animals.html).
p. 287 ‘taken on a bombing …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 288 ‘I carried with me …’ (http://www.pegasusarchive.org/varsity/repLuardsOwn.htm).
p. 288 ‘Each dog made four descents …’ ibid.
p. 288 ‘He subsequently endured …’ (http://www.dnw.co.uk/medals/auctionarchive).
p. 289 ‘I got over there a few …’ N. S. Hidgets, Tail-Wagger Magazine, August 1945 (p. 85).
p. 290 ‘black and tan Alsatian …’ (TNA MAF 35/918).
p. 291 ‘Retention is becoming …’ ibid.
p. 291 ‘The decision to tell …’ ibid.
p. 292 ‘Destroyed by shooting …’ ibid.
p. 292 ‘Somehow or other …’ Bourne, op. cit. (p. 77).
p. 292 ‘Might have been …’ IWM Records of the PDSA Allied Forces Mascot Club.
p. 292 ‘Sailor …’ Tail-Wagger Magazine, August 1944 (p. 146).
p. 293 ‘Herr General [der Hund gehtes nicht!] …’ (http://475thmpeg.memorieshop.com/CHAPTERS/FOUR/Chapter4.html).
p. 293 ‘you are in England now …’ ibid.
p. 293 ‘the dog has been flown to the UK …’ PDSA News, June 1945 (p. 15).
Chapter 27: Doodlebug Summer
p. 294 ‘a long, long line of white-faced …’ Longmate, The Doodlebugs (p. 149).
p. 294 ‘returned home the afternoon …’ ibid.
p. 295 ‘some time past relations …’ (TNA HO 186/2075).
p. 295 ‘None of our …’ ‘Our Shelters Carry On’, The Dogs Bulletin, autumn 1944 (p. 3).
p. 296 ‘Fortunately the animals …’ Our Dumb Friends’ League Report for 1944.
p. 296 ‘Pussy Wake …’ Smith, op. cit. (p. 59).
p. 296 ‘when he heard …’ ibid.
p. 296 ‘When a flying bomb …’ ibid.
p. 296 ‘saved Corporal Witcomb …’ ibid.
p. 297 ‘to make an improvised …’ The Animal World, October 1944.
p. 297 ‘I have four such dog …’ ibid. (p. 74).
p. 298 ‘two dead cats …’ The Animal World, November 1944 (p. 82).
p. 298 ‘Over the next few …’ pps. of H. W. Atterbury (IWM Documents 13352).
p. 298 ‘who for five weeks has given …’ The Cat, October 1944 (p. 2).
p. 299 ‘Our dog soon realized …’ Longmate, op. cit. (p. 146).
p. 299 ‘Kim used to get most …’ ibid.
p. 299 ‘Mickie …’ ibid. (p. 147).
p. 299 ‘always first into the …’ ibid.
p. 299 ‘prick up her ears …’ ibid.
p. 299 ‘Benjamin …’ ibid.
p. 300 ‘Achtung Chimps’ Daily Mail, 28 July 1944 in ZSL Newscuttings.
p. 300 ‘Binkie’ Longmate, op. cit. (p. 148).
p. 300 ‘refused to come out …’ ibid. (pp. 148–9).
p. 300 ‘Ticky’ The Cat, October 1945 (pp. 12–13).
p. 300 ‘one street in north London …’ The Animal World, November 1944 (p. 82).
p. 300 ‘more cattle were killed …’ (TNA MAF 52/119).
p. 301 ‘Highly satisfactory salvage …’ (TNA MAF 52/119).
p. 301 ‘large and white …’ Longmate, Hitler’s Rockets (p. 168).
p. 302 ‘gave a wail of terror …’ ibid. (p. 232).
p. 302 ‘At the request of the Palace …’ Our Dumb Friends’ League Report for 1944 (p. 27).
p. 303 ‘Puzzle of the Palace Kittens …’ Daily Mirror, 17 November 1944 (p. 6).
p. 303 ‘a friendly creature …’ Evening Standard, December 1944 in ZSL Newscuttings, 7923.
p. 304 ‘She is too fond of romping …’ Evening Standard, 18 May 1945, 7926.
Chapter 28: Finest Hour
p. 305 ‘perfectly comfortable …’ ‘Gas Masks for Dogs’ (TNA WO 188/2130).
p. 305 ‘Dogs with black eyes …’ ‘Mine Detection Dogs’, 11 August 1944 (TNA AVIA 22/871).
p. 306 ‘merely pretended to work …’ (TNA WO 225/1173).
p. 306 ‘bitches in seaso
n …’ (TNA WO 225/1173).
p. 306 ‘Handlers are far too kind …’ (TNA WO 225/1173).
p. 307 ‘some meat, oatmeal …’ Our Dogs, 22 December 1944 (p. 1377).
p. 308 ‘Animals over here …’ PDSA News, May 1945 (p. 3).
p. 309 ‘when Jet was satisfied …’ (http://jetofiada.tripod.com/Story.htm).
p. 309 ‘He sniffed, stepped over …’ (TNA HO 186/2572).
p. 310 ‘very poor co-operation …’ (TNA HO 186/2572).
p. 310 ‘blood marks …’ incident at Epping, 12 November 1944 (TNA 186/2572).
p. 311 ‘A call for silence …’ incident at Bowes Park, 14 December 1944 (TNA 186/2572).
p. 311 ‘jumbled cries of rescuers …’ Daily Mirror, 15 December 1944 (p. 8).
p. 312 ‘a nice red setter …’ Bourne, op. cit. (p. 165).
p. 312 ‘I feared his heart …’ ibid.
p. 312 ‘found an old lady …’ ibid.
p. 312 ‘after about 20 minutes work …’ (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/60/a7011460.shtml)
p. 313 ‘Report of the working dogs …’ Private Papers of A. Knight (IWM Documents, 15582).
p. 314 ‘seemed lost without his master …’ (http://www.fdr library.marist.edu/education/resources/bio_fala.html).
p. 315 ‘Even Hitler set his affections …’ Tail-Wagger Magazine, June 1945 (p. 102).
p. 315 ‘Frightened apes …’ Giles MacDonogh, Berlin, Sinclair-Stevenson, London, 1997 (p. 142).
p. 315 ‘Someone came into the cellar …’ A Woman in Berlin, Anon, Secker & Warburg, London, 1955 (p. 185).
Epilogue: Pets Come Home
p. 321 ‘Today is the anniversary …’ Klemperer, op. cit. 22 May 1945 (p. 915).
p. 321 ‘They were led by …’ The Times, 11 June 1945 (p. 2).
p. 322 ‘impossible to understand …’ Essex Newsman, 26 March 1946 (p. 5).
p. 322 ‘Never has there …’ The Times, 27 February 1945 (p. 3).
p. 323 ‘Special Services Scheme’ (TNA ADM 1/20854).
p. 323 ‘various canine oddments’ Dog’s Bulletin, Spring 1946 (p. 10).
p. 324 ‘I consider we should …’ (TNA ADM 1/20854).
p. 324 ‘For Valour’ (TNA WO 32/14999).
p. 324 ‘blown up …’ (TNA WO 32/14999).
p. 325 ‘taking random bites …’ (TNA WO 32/14999).
p. 325 ‘native thieves …’ (TNA WO 32/14999).
p. 325 ‘Now that hostilities …’ RAVC Journal, November 1946 (pp. 20–21).
p. 325 ‘failed to recognise him’ ibid. (p. 11).
p. 326 ‘Michael, on hearing …’ (http://www.animalaid.org.uk/images/pdf/michael.pdf).
p. 328 ‘Khan was the one …’ Rosamond Young, ‘Friends in Arms’ in Chicken Soup for the Dog and Cat Lover’s Soul (ed. John T. Canfield), Health Communications Inc., FL 1999 (p. 18).
p. 328 ‘While the Archbishop held …’ (http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/faith.html).
p. 329 ‘reason was largely political …’ (TNA MAF 79/10).
p. 329 ‘fine, fat fox …’ Horse & Hound, 15 December 1944 (p. 7).
p. 329 ‘The Earl of Harrington …’ Baily’s Hunting Directory 1939–1949 (p. 36).
p. 330 ‘most pro-Nazi …’ Clabby, op. cit (p. 157). See also TNA FO 937/103.
p. 331 ‘the animals, few and far …’ The Times, 8 January 1946 (p. 2).
p. 331 ‘acorns collected …’ (TNA FO 943/856).
p. 333 ‘little is known …’ ‘Bravest Cat Dead’, The Times, 1 October 1948 (p. 2).
p. 333 ‘Hitler’, ‘Timoshenko’ …’ The Times, 9 May 1955 (p. 12).
p. 333 ‘chose not to emphasise …’ Hilda Kean (eds. Emilie Dardenne and Sophie Mesplede), The People’s War on the British Home Front: The Challenge of the Human-Animal Relationship in a Nation of Animal Lovers, Manchester University Press, 2013.
The National Archives
Getty Images
Fear of a devastating mass attack on Britain’s cities at the outbreak of war drove Government policy on Air Raid Protection. Would pets go barking mad at the first wail of a siren? All sorts of ‘gas-proof’ containers were touted (above) while in early 1939 Mr. Harold Bywater (left, with friend), chief municipal vet of West Ham in East London, devised a pilot protection scheme for the dockland borough’s many thousands of domestic pets and working animals.
State Library of Victoria
The National Archives
Christy Campbell
Wandsworth Heritage Service
Sussex University Mass Observation Archive
Christy Campbell
Imperial War Museum
The announcement of the existence of NARPAC (the National Air Raid Precautions Animals Committee) on the eve of war did little to reassure pet owners who had been officially advised in Home Office ARP Handbook No. 12 (opposite, top) that to have their animals destroyed was the ‘kindest thing to do.’
The rendering company, Harrison, Barber & Co. of Sugar House Lane, West Ham (opposite, left, its yard today part of a huge post-Olympic regeneration site), was overwhelmed by the massacre of more than 750,000 pets. The Bob Martin pet health company (opposite, right) and the National Canine Defence League (above left) advised very differently – while NARPAC’s registration scheme offered some semi-official comfort that pets could survive. Here, in an early 1941 image, wartime housewife Mrs. Olive Day (above right) shows off her delightful black cat, ‘Little One,’ with NARPAC collar.
German pets found protection in the Reich Animal Defence League (above) while cats found a champion in Prof. Friedrich Schwangart’s 1937 book On the Rights of Cats against charges of being ‘poachers.’ They were ‘hygienic helpers’ in the war on mice, said the Professor.
Pedigrees and mongrels alike were caught in the great killing panic of 1939 but, to begin with, posh pets had a better chance of survival. The Royal corgis were evacuated to Windsor where they had a cottage in the Great Park.
Fashionable stores promoted luminous blackout jerkins for dogs (right), while an opportunist breeder exhorted owners ‘to carry a white Pekingese’ to avoid accidents on the darkened streets.
Getty Images
Imperial War Museum
Imperial War Museum
The National Canine Defence League sponsored an air raid shelter in Kensington Gardens where brave but foolish exercisers had been routinely observed not taking cover on air raid warnings.
National Portrait Gallery
Christy Campbell
The remarkable Duchess of Hamilton declared her London and country homes to be sanctuaries while her campaigning HQ, Animal Defence House in St. James’s Place, was full of refugee pets. Her patrician rescue operation was however aimed at London’s poor and the better-off were politely told to make their own arrangements. MI5 meanwhile described the Duchess as a ‘well known crank’ (below).
The National Archives
Getty Images
Imperial War Museum
After months of ‘phoney war,’ in May 1940 the Dunkirk debacle saw hundreds of dogs (and a few cats) crossing the Channel with the bedraggled British Expeditionary Force.
When the Blitz began in September, to general surprise, pets stayed calm under fire. Below, London firemen relax with their splendid poodle mascot.
Western Morning Post via Derek Tait
The work of pet rescue largely fell on animal welfare charities -like this extemporized PDSA post in Plymouth in early 1941 (top left) and this National Canine Defence League clinic (below left), ‘more open than ever’ after itself being hit by a bomb.
An army of mostly female amateur rescuers did what they could in the rubble (below) – this young woman in West London following NARPAC advice on the use of an extemporized grasper.
State Library of Victoria
Wandsworth Heritage Service
Imperial War Museum
State Library of Victoria
British Library (Newspapers)
NARPAC
carried on – while behind the scenes its constituent charities rowed incessantly. The Government despaired. Meanwhile not many of the public seemed to know the strange organization existed, but where they did, they were enthusiastic supporters. Above, pet-loving ladies queue to have their cats and dogs registered at an Animal Guard Post near the British Museum.
It was food, not bombs, however that would really dictate the fate of wartime pets. There was no food ration for companion animals and from mid-1940 it was a punishable offence to give them anything judged fit for human consumption. Manufactured pet-food like Chappie (above) made of horsemeat was restricted before disappearing completely.
Imperial War Museum
It was not just ladies who hurled themselves into wartime pet rescue. London Transport bus-driver Mr. Arthur Heelas found feline fame in 1940–1 as the ‘fairy godfather’ of the capital’s bombed-out cats.
Imperial War Museum
Imperial War Museum
Impenal War Museum
Impenal War Museum
Cats under fire showed an amazing ability to survive unscathed in bombed buildings, inspiring rejoicing when they were discovered, sometimes days later, in some impossible crevice (opposite and top). This lucky dog meanwhile survived to make it to the Our Dumb Friends’ League (Blue Cross) hospital in Victoria – where, in December 1940, a jolly Christmas party was held for bombed-out dogs.
Bonzo's War Page 33