The Twilight of the American Enlightenment

Home > Other > The Twilight of the American Enlightenment > Page 22
The Twilight of the American Enlightenment Page 22

by George Marsden


  Newton, Isaac, 33

  Niebuhr, Reinhold, xxv–xxvi, 6, 57, 64, 97, 107, 110, 112–113, 168

  Christian nation and, 123

  Dewey and, 116, 117, 118

  divine intervention and, 119

  human limitations and, 119–120

  justice and, 113

  liberal culture and, 120

  on Lippmann, 53

  realism and, 113, 114

  religious revivals and, 122

  secularity and, 121

  social sciences and, 116

  Nietzsche, Friedrich, 71

  Objectivity, 83, 95, 175

  O’Connor, Flannery, 114

  Organization Man, The (Whyte), 32, 35–36

  Other-directedness, 29, 30, 32, 93

  Outlooks, xx, xxi, 175

  consensus, 172

  religious, 171, 174

  scientific, 152

  Packard, Vance, 36, 37

  Patriotism, xxvi, xxxvii, 61, 127, 131, 134, 140, 145

  Peale, Norman Vincent, 97, 111, 114

  Pentecostals, 108, 152, 156, 159

  Peyton Place (Metalious), 36, 89

  Philosophy, 47, 49, 70, 71, 154

  analytic, 75, 76

  existentialist, 70–71, 72, 76, 92

  professional, 72, 73, 75

  public, 48, 56, 103, 131, 132

  Pluralism, xiv, 32, 57, 62, 104, 137, 146, 152, 155, 159, 175, 177, 178

  conception of, 124, 170, 171

  confessional, 166, 169

  inclusive, 124, 153, 156

  Kuyperian, 167, 170

  modern, 46, 56

  morality and, 47

  principled, 166, 170

  radical, 154

  religious, xxvi, 125, 162, 174

  science and, 50

  Poitier, Sidney, 12

  Polarization, 171, 172, 176

  Political issues, 62, 117, 128, 145

  Political rights, 136, 146

  Politics, 59, 129, 133, 136, 150, 153, 157, 158, 173

  Popular culture, xvii, xxii, xxxiii, 5, 9, 41, 150, 171

  commercialism and, xxv

  religion and, 109–110

  Populist movement, 17, 170, 176

  Power, 64, 83

  intellect and, 19

  Pragmatism, xxiv, xxxix, 51, 52, 61, 130–131

  moderate-liberal, 131–132

  natural law versus, 62

  Prejudice, xxii, xxviii, 14, 64

  Premillennialists, 134

  Presbyterians, xxiv, xxxii, 98, 101

  Presley, Elvis, 109

  Price, Garrett: cartoon by, 3 (fig.)

  Principles, shared, 169, 175

  Privatization, 106–107, 108, 157, 158, 160, 175

  Progress, ix–x

  faith in, 155

  intellectual, xix, xxi, 154

  religious, 102

  social, 116, 153, 154

  Progressive era, 45, 48, 49

  Prosperity, ix, xviii, xxxiii, xxxviii, 2, 61

  Protestant establishment, xxv, 107, 159

  collapse of, xxvi, 120

  conservative Christians and, 161

  Protestantism, xxiii, xxiv, 30, 101, 127

  American, 100, 108, 167

  legacy of, 177

  mainline, 52, 99, 107, 123, 124, 125, 150, 151, 152, 157, 160, 175

  as national religion, 111

  public life and, xxvii, 99

  Scottish, 144

  Protestants, xviii, xxvii, 18, 148, 149, 158–159, 161, 178

  conservative, 150

  revivalist, 129

  science and, 165

  voting blocs of, 99–100

  Psychology, 76, 77, 86, 114, 135, 155

  Psychotherapy, 72, 82, 83

  Public domain, 125, 158, 159, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 178

  freedom in, 55–56

  religious differences and, xxvi

  Public intellectuals, xv, xviii, xxix, 44, 62, 178

  Public life, 133, 171

  Protestantism and, xxvii, 99

  religion and, xv, xxvii, 112, 170, 173

  Public schools, prayers in, xxvi, 109, 133, 136, 157, 167

  Public sphere, xxvii, 157, 158, 162

  Puritans, 146, 149

  Race, 125, 159, 172

  Racism, xxv, 14, 63

  Radio Corporation of America, xxxi, 102

  Rand, Ayn, xviii

  Rand Corporation, xxxviii

  Rationality, xxii, 24, 36, 38, 71, 72, 148, 168

  Enlightenment, 123

  science and, 115

  Reagan, Ronald, 139, 140, 141, 142

  Realism, 113, 114, 115

  Reason, xxiv, 95, 165, 168

  Reformation, 18, 30, 144, 148

  Reformed Church, 163, 164

  Relativism, xxviii, 46, 49, 140, 144, 145

  Religion, xii, xiii, xxiv, 13, 97, 98, 100, 102, 111, 122, 124, 173, 176

  American, 104, 134

  civil, 133, 149, 175

  culture and, 162, 163

  disestablishment of, 109

  diversity and, 151, 158, 159, 160, 162, 171

  establishment of, 99

  freedom of, 46, 150

  importance of, 98, 110–111

  liberal, 133, 159

  popular culture and, 109–110

  private sphere and, 158

  privatization of, 106, 175

  public life and, xv, xxvii, 157, 170, 173

  science and, xiv, 103–104

  society and, 158

  teaching about, 167

  turning away from, 136

  Religious revivals, 97, 98, 104–105, 106, 110–111, 122, 123, 152

  Religious right, 19, 128, 129, 135, 162

  emergence of, 160–161

  heritage of, 148–149

  populist, 149–150

  rise of, xxvi, 98

  Religious viewpoints, xxvi, 98, 150, 162, 172, 178

  traditional, 156

  unconventional, 147

  Reston, James “Scotty,” xxxviii, xxxix

  Revivalist evangelicals, 19, 128, 129, 138, 139, 140

  Revivalist Protestantism, 129, 133, 138

  Richter, Mischa: cartoon by, 38 (fig.)

  Riesman, David, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 40, 72, 93, 153

  Whyte and, 33

  Roberts, Oral, 107

  Rockwell, Norman, xxxii

  Roe v. Wade (1973), 136, 141

  Rogers, Carl, 40, 77, 92–93

  client-centered therapy and, 82–83

  on Dewey/science, 85

  optimism of, 84, 86

  Skinner and, 81, 82, 83, 85–86

  Romanticism, xxiv, 18, 57

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., xxxiii, 54, 57

  Rosenberg, Bernard, 10, 11, 15, 21

  Rossiter, Clinton, xxxvi, xxxviii

  Russell, Bertrand, 74

  Russell, Jane, 109

  Sabbath laws, 100

  St. Augustine, 66, 165

  St. Thomas Aquinas, 66

  Salinger, J. D., 29

  Santayana, George, 48

  Sarnoff, David, xxxi, 102

  Sartre, Jean–Paul, 29, 47, 71

  Schaeffer, Francis, 141–145, 147–148

  Christian consensus and, 144

  formulations of, 140–141

  Schaeffer, Frank, 141

  Schlafly, Phyllis, 137

  Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 6, 57, 58, 63, 64

  Lippmann and, 56, 153

  Schoenberg, Arnold, 23

  School prayers, 109, 133

  banning, x
xvi, 136, 157, 167

  Science, 49, 87, 97, 102, 111, 113, 154, 166, 168

  Christianity and, 101

  democracy and, 50

  freedom and, 23, 70, 77

  mechanistic, 79

  modern, 51, 79, 92, 103

  Protestants and, 165

  rationality and, 115

  reasoning and, 165

  religion and, xiv, 103–104

  romanticism and, 18

  Science, 83, 116

  Scientific inquiry, 40, 84, 86, 90, 116, 168

  Scientific method, xxii, 49, 69, 79, 116, 118, 153, 155

  Scientism, 33, 34

  Scopes trial, 103, 118

  Secular humanism, 111, 141, 142, 144, 145, 148, 161

  Secular liberals, 52, 171, 172

  Secularism, xxiv, xxvi, 104–105, 120, 121, 123, 124, 150, 156, 159, 160, 167, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178

  Segregation, 64, 66

  Self, primacy of, 72, 73

  Self-actualization, 82, 84, 85

  Self-confidence, 80, 114

  Self-denial, 30, 93

  Self-determination, xxii, 22, 31, 32, 72, 90, 113, 149, 156

  Self-fulfillment, 41, 42, 43, 56, 92, 94, 97, 112, 152

  Self–indulgence, xxxvii–xxxviii, 131

  Self–realization, 38, 40, 41, 156

  Sense of purpose, xxxiv–xxxv, xxxvi

  Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (Kinsey), 88

  Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (Kinsey), 88

  Sexual mores, 87–88, 90, 136, 137

  Sexual revolution, 89, 135, 136, 137, 139

  Sheen, Fulton, 107

  Shils, Edward, 13, 14, 15, 16

  $64000 Question, The, 4

  Skelton, Red, 7

  Skinner, B. F., 77–78, 92

  civilization and, 80

  culture and, 93

  optimism of, 86

  Rogers and, 81, 82, 83, 85–86

  science and, 79, 83

  self-confidence of, 80

  Social sciences, xxiv, 32, 33, 82, 117

  Society, x, xii, 6, 66, 93, 106, 169

  collective attitudes of, 24

  diverse, 132

  healthy, 174

  individual and, 35

  membership in, 14

  modern, 24

  rational ordering of, 71

  religion and, 158

  Spock, Benjamin, 90–92, 135

  Stalinism, xix, 7

  Standards, 31

  cultural, 8

  moral, 46, 50

  objective, xxvii

  public, 87–88, 135

  traditional, 135

  Steinbeck, John, 5, 6

  Stevenson, Adlai, xxxi, xxxviii, 1, 5, 17

  Stevenson, James: cartoon by, xxxiv (fig.)

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, xviii

  Sullivan, Ed, 7

  Technology, xiii, xvii, xxxv, 3, 9, 10, 79, 155, 156

  impact of, xxxvi, 86, 105

  mass–produced, 2

  Television, x, 8–9, 21, 79

  culture and, 3–4, 7

  entertainment and, 10

  media and, 7

  national character and, 4

  shows/rigged, 5–6

  Theism, 101, 108, 117, 123, 167

  Thomas, Danny, 7

  Thoreau, Henry David, 35

  Tillich, Paul, 40, 107

  Time, xxxii, xxxv, 28, 101, 106, 107

  Time, Inc., 100

  Totalitarianism, 10, 11, 21, 23, 50, 51, 61, 70, 78, 83, 142, 144, 145

  Free World and, 22

  rise of, 2

  submission to, 24

  Traditionalism, xiii, 29, 42, 139, 152

  Trilling, Lionel, xix

  Truman, Harry S., 108

  United Church of Christ, 98

  United Methodists, 98

  US Constitution, federal government and, 99

  US Supreme Court, 63, 136, 157, 167

  Utopian Marxism, romanticism of, 57

  Values, x, xxviii, 85, 90

  Van Doren, Carl, 5

  Van Doren, Charles, 5–6

  Van Doren, Mark, 5

  Vatican II, 138

  Von Neumann, John, 102

  Wall of separation, 157, 158, 159

  Washington, George, xxi, xxxix

  Western civilization, xv, xvi, xviii, 2, 18, 20, 21, 104

  crisis for, xiii

  rationality and, 71

  saving, 6, 17

  Whatever Happened to the Human Race? (Schaeffer and Koop), 141

  White Anglo–Saxon Protestant (WASP) establishment, 124

  White, David Manning, 9, 10

  White, Morton, 112, 114

  Whitehead, John, 145

  Whyte, William, 32, 33, 34, 35

  Williams, Tennessee, 114

  Wilson, Woodrow, xxxiii

  Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 74, 75

  Wohlstetter, Albert, xxxviii

  Women’s rights, 67, 137

  World War II: xiv, xxxiii, xxxv, 2, 17, 40, 61, 82, 107

  patriotism of, 131, 134

  privatization and, 106

  sacrifices/destruction of, 22

  World War III: xiii, xxxiii

  Culture (continued)

  Freedom (continued)

  Niebuhr, Reinhold (continued)

  Skinner, B. F. (continued)

  Copyright © 2014 by George M. Marsden

  Published by Basic Books,

  A Member of the Perseus Books Group

  All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 250 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10107.

  Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 810-4145, ext. 5000, or e-mail [email protected].

  Typeset in Minion Pro by the Perseus Books Group

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Marsden, George M., 1939–

  The twilight of the American enlightenment : the 1950s and the crisis of liberal belief / George M. Marsden.

  pages cm

  Includes bibliographical references and index.

  ISBN 978-0-465-03010-1 (hardback)—ISBN 978-0-465-06977-4 (ebook) 1. United States—Civilization—1945– 2. United States—Social conditions—1945– 3. Cold War—Social aspects—United States. 4. Alienation (Social psychology)—United States—History—20th century. 5. Group identity—United States—History—20th century. I. Title.

  E169.12.M3647 2013

  973.91—dc23

  2013032100

  10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

 

 


‹ Prev