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INDEX
Alpha (women’s association), 84
tion, 229; on ovariotomies, 240; on science, American Medical Association (AMA), 60, 61,
263 (n. 17)
140, 173
Blackwell, Emily: and New York Infirmary, 2,
American Medical Women’s Association, 257
75, 79, 81, 86, 98; on coeducation, 12, 218–
American Woman Su√rage Association, 170,
19; on orthodox medicine, 12, 61; and medi-
235
cal standards, 154; and generational ten-
Anthony, Susan B., 71–72, 121–22, 201, 203,
sions, 224
284 (n. 61)
Blackwell, Henry, 81, 102
Anti-Catholicism. See German radicals: on
Blackwell, Kitty Barry, 104, 115, 249, 250
religion; Heinzen, Karl: on religion; Zakr-
Blockley Hospital (Philadelphia), 218, 300
zewska, Marie—views: on religion
(n. 67)
Apprenticeship, 59, 138, 223
Boivin, Marie Anne Victorine, 91, 146, 152,
Associated Charities of Boston, 157, 195
288 (n. 27)
Association for the Advancement of Women,
Bond, George W., 168
170
Bond, Louisa C., 168
Autobiography, 122, 125
Booth, Mary L., 84–85, 86, 99–100, 115, 120,
123–24, 125–26, 135, 136, 241
‘‘Bacteriomania,’’ 238
Boston City Hospital, 157, 198, 218; and
Barringer, Emily Dunning, 257
patients’ class, 193–95; and policy on
Bellevue Hospital (New York), 218
unwed mothers, 290 (n. 26)
Berlin Society of Obstetricians, 39
Boston Lying-In Hospital, 157, 187, 198; and
Bigelow, Henry Jacob, 215
patients’ class, 192–93, 195; and patients’
Bildungsbürgertum. See German bourgeoisie
marital status, 196, 294 (n. 14); obstetrics
Blackwell, Elizabeth, 3, 104, 176, 236, 242, 243,
practices at, 205; and puerperal fever, 206
249, 250, 300 (n. 67); and New York Infir-
Boston marriages, 9, 115, 116, 118. See also mary, 2, 74–75, 79, 81–88, 156; on coeduca-
Same-sex relationships
tion, 12; on orthodox medicine, 12, 61, 201;
Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll, 144, 168, 172–73,
as student at Geneva Medical College, 59,
174, 246
69; supports Zakrzewska’s career, 62–63,
Breed, Mary E., 175
124, 129; An Appeal in Behalf of the Medical Brown, Charlotte Blake, 180
Education of Women, 81–84; on gender di√er-
Büchner, Ludwig, 109, 118
ences in medical practice, 94, 151, 206, 230,
Buckel, C. Annette, 176
239; and spiritual power of maternity, 94,
Busch, Dietrich Wilhelm Heinrich, 25
241; and tensions with Zakrzewska, 98; and
Butler, Emma Merrill, 251
medical standards, 154; as critic of vivisec-
Butler, Judith, 7
INDEX
330 ≤
Cabot, Samuel, 144, 174, 200
Delamater, John J., 69–72, 82, 223
Call, Emma, 191, 208
Dimock, Susan, 115, 170, 207, 211
‘‘Cavalcade of America,’’ 1, 257–58, 306
Dimock Community Center, 227
(n. 30)
Disease: theory of, 189–90, 238
Chadwick, Sarah Ann, 73
Dix, Dorothea, 123
Channing, Walter, 67, 85, 168, 173, 291 (n. 29)
Dixon-Jones, Mary, 61–62, 125, 151, 239, 240
Channing, William H., 135
Dolley, Sarah Adamson, 62, 151, 300 (n. 67)
Charité hospital (Berlin), 2; school of midwif-Domesticity. See Female benevolence: tradi-
ery, 23–24, 36, 45–46, 233–34. See also tion of
Schmidt, Joseph Hermann: and education
Douai, Adolf, 112–13
of midwives
Douglass, Frederick, 64
Cheney, Ednah Dow, 85, 114, 120, 138, 168,
Drachman, Virginia, 264 (n. 31)
169–71, 179, 187, 247, 253
DuBois, Mary Delafield, 183
Child, Lydia Maria, 135
Childbed fever, 43–44
Eddy, Mary Baker, 128
Clarke, Anna H., 247
Educational reforms. See Medical reforms
Clarke, Edward H., 173–74, 246
Eichhorn, Johann Albrecht Friedrich, 38
Clarke, James Freeman, 65, 169
Eliot, Charles W., 215
Cleveland, Eveline, 154
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 64, 168
Cleveland Medical College, 2, 63, 69, 262
Empathy, 149
(n. 2); and policy toward female students,
Empiricism, 141, 142, 174, 237–38
70–71; and attitude toward unorthodox
schools, 71; and curriculum, 72, 73
Female benevolence: tradition of, 149, 151,
Clinical instruction: in midwifery, 43–46, 82–
161, 165–66
83; at mid-century, 72, 138, 199–200, 286
Female friendships. See Same-sex relationships
(n. 2); at women’s medical colleges and hos-Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, 53,
pitals, 87, 155, 289 (n. 44); and private pro-
grams, 277 (n. 11). See also New England Feuerbach, Ludwig, 109
Hospital for Women and Children: and
Flexner, Abraham, 255
clinical instruction
Forceps, 43, 145, 205, 232, 233
Coeducation. See Medical education: coed-
‘‘Forty-Eighters.’’ See German radicals
ucation vs. separate
Freedman, Estelle, 170
Cook County Hospital (Chicago), 218
Free Soil Party, 106
Cornell University, 218–19
Fugitive Slave Law, 9, 64, 106, 171
Credé, C. S. F., 233, 234
Crouze, Albert, 63, 80
Gardner, Martha, 144
Curriculum. See Medical schools, U.S.: curric-
Garrison, William Lloyd, 5, 64, 66, 89, 111,
ulum of
118, 135, 158, 160, 168, 172
Garrison, William Lloyd, II, 2, 85, 106, 118
Dall, Caroline, 64, 86, 120, 176; A Practical Gender: and science, 3–8, 15, 40, 137; and
Illustration of ‘‘Woman’s Right to Labor’’, 121–
instability of categories, 7, 15, 258–59
26, 129–31, 133, 135; as middle-class
Gender identity. See Zakrzewska, Marie: and
reformer, 124
gender identity
Darwin, Charles, 253
Geneva Medical College, 59
INDEX
≤ 331
German bourgeoisie, 16–18, 20; and respect
ist, 109–10; on science, 110; on woman’s
for science and rationality, 4; and sexual
nature, 131–32; death of, 220
division of labor, 17
Heinzen, Karl Friedrich, 101
German midwifery. See Midwifery, German
Heinzen, Louise Henriette, 101, 112, 113, 118
German nature philosophy, 77
Henle, Jacob, 208
German radicals, 5, 88; on science, 5, 95, 105–
Hippocrates, 152
6, 110; on religion, 109, 243; on women’s
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 215
rights, 111
Homeopathy, 12, 60–61, 71, 155, 180, 201, 236,
German school system, 19; reform of, 20
303 (n. 17). See also Medical practice: ortho-Germ theory, 209
Science Has No Sex Page 49