37. See Johann Georg Hamann, Hamann’s Schriften, I-VIII, ed. Friedrich Roth and G. A. Wiener (Berlin, Leipzig: 1821-43; ASKB 536-44), II, pp. 61-62; letters from Hamann to Jacobi, April 25, 1786, March 30, 1788, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi’s Werke, I-VI (Leipzig: 1812-25; ASKB 1722-28), IV3, pp. 211, 402.
38. Cf. Prefaces, KW IX (SV V II).
39. See p. 7 and note 10.
40. See pp. 70-80.
41. See Heinrich Theodor Rötscher, Die Kunst der dramatischen Darstellung, I-II (Berlin: 1841-44; ASKB 1391), I, pp. 394-96.
42. See Pap. V B 52.
43. See p. 195 and note 1.
44. Lars Mathiesen (1769-1852), the well-known convivial restaurateur in Fredriksberg Gardens, west of Copenhagen.
45. See Nicolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig, Brage-Snak om Græske og Nordiske Myther og Oldsagn for Damer og Herrer (Copenhagen: 1844; ASKB 1548).
46. A summer amusement park on the northern outskirts of Copenhagen.
47. Hans Friedrich Helveg (1816-1901), who preached occasionally in Grundtvig’s church in Vartov, a philanthropic institution in central Copenhagen.
48. See pp. 7-86.
49. Kierkegaard did not take another writing sabbatical in Berlin. He did, however, make a considerable number of excursions to areas outside Copenhagen. See JP V, note 1127.
50. See Anxiety, pp. 69-70, KW VIII (SV IV 338-39).
51. See pp. 31-80; Supplement, pp. 511-12 (Pap. IV A 170).
52. See Henrich Steffens, Caricaturen des Heiligsten, I-II (Leipzig: 1819-21; ASKB 793-94).
53. See p. 67.
54. Thomas Hansen Erslew, Almindeligt Forfatter-Lexicon for Kongeriget Danmark med tilhørende Bilande, fra 1814 til 1840, I-III (Copenhagen: 1841-53), Supplement, fra 1840 til 1853, I-III (Copenhagen: 1858-68; ASKB 954-69 [I-III and two fascicles of Supplement, I]).
55. A reference to Magnús Eiríksson (1806-1881), who in April 1844 had published Om Baptister og Barnedaab.
56. Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1791-1860), the leading Danish literary critic of the time.
57. Nicolaus Notabene, the pseudonymous author of Prefaces, KW IX (SV V 1-71), and the intended publisher of the “Nebuchadnezzar” section.
58. See p. 9 and note 13.
59. The source has not been located.
60. See Horace, Odes, II, 13, 1; Q. Horatii Flacci opera (Leipzig: 1828; ASKB 1248), p. 119; Horace The Odes and Epodes, tr. C. E. Bennett (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 139: “The man who first planted thee did it upon an evil day and reared thee with a sacrilegious hand, O tree, for the destruction of posterity and the countryside’s disgrace.”
61. The Danish king Valdemar Atterdag (c. 1320-1375).
62. Valdemar Atterdag’s Gurre Castle was on the shore of Lake Gurre.
63. See Oehlenschläger, ”Morgen-Vandring,” Langelands-Reise, Adam Oehlenschlägers Poetiske Skrifter, I-II (Copenhagen: 1805; ASKB 1597-98), I, p. 362.
64. See Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Don Juan, tr. Laurids Kruse (Copenhagen: 1807), I, 18, p. 57; Don Giovanni, tr. Ellen H. Bleiler (New York: Dover, 1964), p. 129.
65. Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Erik og Abel, I, Oehlenschlägers Tragødier, I-X (Copenhagen: 1841-49; ASKB 1601-05 [I-IX]), V, p. 138 (ed. tr.).
66. The seventh, of course, was William Afham.
67. In Greek mythology, a beautiful youth, cupbearer to the gods of Olympus.
68. See Kruse, II, 20, pp. 123-26; Bleiler, pp. 196-99. The Commendatore is the avenging statue come to life at the end of the opera.
69. Danish: Ølnordisk, a play on Øl (ale) and Oldnordisk (Old Norse) and an allusion to Grundtvig’s great interest in Norse mythology.
70. A town and woods about seven miles from Copenhagen.
71. See Kruse, II, 17, pp. 114-17, Bleiler, pp. 189-92.
72. See Kruse, I, 6, p. 18; Bleiler, pp. 98-99.
73. Kruse, I, 6, p. 18 (Elvira speaking); Bleiler, p. 98.
74. Horace, Odes, II, 4, 21; Opera, p. 45; Loeb, pp. 116-17 (“suras”).
75. See Ludvig Holberg, Erasmus Montanus eller Rasmus Berg, III, 6, Danske Skue-Plads, I-VII (Copenhagen: 1788; ASKB 1566-67), V, no pagination; Comedies by Holberg, tr. Oscar James Campbell, Jr., and Frederic Schenck (New York: American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1914), p. 157 (III, 7).
76. Viscount Bolingbroke (Henry St. John), English politician (1678-1751), notorious for his libertinism, in Augustin-Eugène Scribe, Et Glas Vand eller Liden Tue kan vælte stort Læs, tr. Thomas Overskou, I, 2, Det Kongelige Theaters Repertoire, 134 (1841), no pagination.
77. Danish: Ægte-Mand, ordinarily spelled Ægtemand, therefore here with an emphasis on the first part, “married.”
78. Danish: Ægtepoer (Ægte + Pær, Per [Peter]), a play on Ægtepar (married couple) and meaning a somewhat cowed, boring husband.
79. Shakespeare, Richard III, I, 1, 19-20; William Shakspeare’s Tragiske Værker, I-IX, tr. Peter Foersom and Peter Frederik Wulff (Copenhagen: 1807-25; ASKB 1889-96), VI, p. 176; W. Shakspeare’s dramatische Werke, I-VIII, tr. Ernst Ortlepp (Stuttgart: 1838-39; ASKB 1874-81), VII, p. 272: ”Geschändet von der tückischen Natur, / Entstellt, verwahrlost”; Shakspeare’s dramatische Werke, I-XII, tr. August Wilhelm v. Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck (Berlin: 1839-41; ASKB 1883-88), III, p. 235; The Complete Works of Shakespeare, ed. George Lyman Kittredge (Boston: Ginn, 1936), p. 789: “Cheated of feature by dissembling Nature, / Deform’d, unfinish’d.” See also Fear and Trembling, p. 105, KW VI (SV III 152).
80. Nicolai Edinger Balle Gøtzsche (1797-1866), appointed Copenhagen police inspector in 1830.
81. See Supplement, pp. 510-11.
82. See Acts 12:23.
83. Ibid.
84. See Shakespeare, Henry IV, I, II, 4, 423-24; Foersom and Wulff, III, p. 186; Ortlepp, VI, p. 81; Schlegel and Tieck, I, p. 251; Kittredge, p. 560: “to make my eyes look red, that it / may be thought I have wept. . ..”
85. See p. 126.
86. The Danish Kraftkirke (underground church, literally, “strength-church”) is an adaptation of Kryptkirke (literally, “crypt-church”), hence a confusion or identification of Kraft and Krypt.
87. Henrici Cornelii Agrippae de sacramento matrimonij libellus, together with De nobilitate et praecelientia foemenei sexus etc. (Frankfurt, Leipzig: 1622; ASKB 113).
88. See Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 533).
89. Johann Wolfgang v. Goethe, Goethe’s Werke. Vollständige Ausgabe letzter Hand, I-LX (Stuttgart, Tübingen: 1828-42; ASKB 1641-68 [I-LV]).
90. Epaminondas (d. 362 B.C.), Greek general of Thebes, won a complete victory at Mantinea but died of his wounds.
91. In Greek mythology, Prometheus, a Titan, was punished (for bringing fire to the earth) by Zeus by being chained to a Caucasian mountain. A vulture ate away at his liver until he was freed by Hercules.
92. See Psalm 16:5.
93. See Supplement, p. 590 (Pap. V B 127).
94. See Supplement, p. 580 (Pap. V B 125).
95. François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, Herrn von Fenelons kurze Lebens-Beschreibungen und Lehr-Sätze der alten Welt- Weisen (Frankfurt am Min, Leipzig: 1748; ASKB 486 [Leipzig: 1741]), pp. 78-91.
96. See Psalm 16:5.
97. See Horace, Ars poetica, 148-50; Opera, p. 678; Horace Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica, tr. H. Rushton Fairclough (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 463.
98. Cf. Vielgeschrey in Holberg, Den Stundesløse, II, 8; Danske Skue-Plads, V, no pagination; Four Plays, p. 40 (sc. 9).
99. See Either/Or, I, pp. 274-76, KW III (SV I 246-47); JP V 5913, 5999 (Pap. VII1 A 126, p. 67; VIII1 A 100).
100. Cf. p. 229.
101. Anon., Udtog af en ung Piges Dagbog og Brevskaber. En Novelle [Selections from a Young Girl’s Diary and Letters. A Novella] (Copenhagen: 1842).
102. Cf. Fædrelandel, 1690, September 24, 1844, col. 13541; Kjøbenhavnsposten, 274, November 22, 1844, col. 1097-98.
103. See Supplement, p. 566 (Pap. V B 124), no. 3.
104. See I Samuel 15:22;
Micah 6:7-8.
105. See J. L. Heiberg, Nina, eller Den Vanvittige af Kjærhghed, Skuespil, I-VII (Copenhagen: 1833-41; ASKB 1553-59), V, pp. 111-294.
106. See Ludwig Achim (Joachim) v. Arnim and Clemens Brentano, ”Der Rattenfanger von Hameln,” Des Knaben Wunderhom, I-III (Heidelberg: 1819; ASKB 1494-96 [2 ed., 1834]), I, pp. 44-46.
107. Horace, Epistles, I, 1, 46; Opera, p. 541; Loeb, pp. 254-55.
108. J. L. Heiberg, Skuespil, III, pp. 185-288.
109. Sc. 5, ibid., II, p. 324.
110. See Holberg, Mester Gert Westphaler eller Den meget talende Barbeer, III, 2; cf. V, 7, Danske Skue-Plads, I, no pagination.
111. Presumably Christian Julius Hiorthoy (d. 1843), councilor and royal archivist.
112. Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Aladdin, III, Poetiske Skrifter, II, p. 241 (ed. tr.).
113. Oehlenschläger, Erik og Abel, Tragødier, V, p. 134 (line by Lauge Gudmundsøn, ed. tr.).
114. The tower of Nicolaj Church near Kongens Nytorv.
115. Augustine, De doctrina Christiana, III, 18; Sancti Aurelii Augustini . . . opera et studio monachorum, I-XVIII (Bassam: 1797-1807; ASKB 117-34), III, col. 69; The Confessions. The City of God. On Christian Doctrine, tr. Marcus Dods and J. F. Shaw (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952), p. 665.
116. See Edward Young, Love of Fame, II, 203-10; Satiren auf die Ruhmbegierde, II, Einige Werke von Dr. Eduard Young, I-III, tr. Johann Arnold Ebert (Braunschweig, Hildesheim: 1767-72; ASKB 1911), III, p. 36; Edward Young The Complete Works Poetry and Prose, I-II, ed. James Nichols (Hildesheim: Olms, 1968), I, p. 360:
With generous scorn how oft hast thou survey’d / Of court and town the noontide masquerade; / Where swarms of knaves the vizor quite disgrace, / And hide secure behind a naked face; / Where Nature’s end of language is declined, / And men talk only to conceal the mind; / Where generous hearts the greatest hazard run, / And he who trusts a brother is undone!
Talleyrand is reputed to have said to the Spanish envoy Isquierdo, ”La parole a été donnée à I’homme pour désguiser sa pensées [Speech was given to man to conceal his thoughts].” The “more recent author” is Vigilius Haufniensis, the pseudonymous writer of Begrebet Angest (1844). See Anxiety, p. 108, KW VIII (SV IV 376). See also JP I 623 (Pap. V A 19).
117. See Numbers 17:1-8.
118. See Genesis 3:24.
119. See p. 407 and note 449.
120. See Oehlenschläger, Palnatoke, V, 2, Tragødier, II, p. 298 (Palnatoke speaking).
121. An allusion to the title of Henrich Steffens’s autobiography, Was ich erlebte. Aus der Erinnerung niedergeschrieben, I-X (Breslau: 1843; ASKB 1834-43).
122. Eusebius Pamphili (E. of Caesarea), Eusebii Pamphili Caesareae Palaestinae Episcopi Praeparatio Evangelica (Cologne: 1658), pp. 456-58; Preparation for the Gospel, I-II, tr. Edwin Hamilton Gifford (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1982), I, pp. 484-86: “I found also the following statements concerning Nebuchadnezzar in the work of Abydenus Concerning the Assyrians: . . ..”
123. Cf., for example, Cicero, De natura deorum, II, 13, 37; M. Tullii Ciceronis opera omnia, I-IV and index, ed. Johann August Ernesti (Halle: 1756-57; ASKB 1224-29), IV, p. 523; Cicero De natura deorum, Academica, tr. H. Rack-ham (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), pp. 158-59: ‘”Neque enim est quicquam aliud praeter mundum cui nihil absit quodque undique aptum atque perfectum expletumque sit omnibus suis numeris et partibus [In fact there is nothing else beside the world that has nothing wanting, but is fully equipped and complete and perfect in all its details and parts].’”
124. See p. 152.
125. According to old Danish law, if the death sentence was considered by royal officials or the king to be too severe, the condemned could be imprisoned for a period dependent upon conduct or other factors. See Repetition, p. 214, KW VI (SV III 247).
126. See Seidelin, pp. 353-55.
127. Ludwig Börne, Gesammelte Schriften, I-VIII (Hamburg: 1835-40; ASKB 1627-29).
128. Jens Baggesen, ”Over Baldrian,” Jens Baggesens danske Værker, I-XII (Copenhagen: 1827-32; AKSB 1509-20), I, p. 234 (ed. tr.) (”Nature took . . .”).
129. See Ny Danske Læsebog for de første Begyndere, ed. Morten Hallager (Copenhagen: 1800, 23 pr. 1844), p. 84.
130. See JP I 140 (Pap. II A 571).
131. N.F.S. Grundtvig, Christelige Prcedikener eller Søndags-Bog, I-III (Copenhagen: 1827-30; ASKB 222-24), I, p. i.
132. See p. 48 and note 131.
133. See Holberg, Peder Paars (Copenhagen: 1798), II, 1, pp. 129-30.
134. See note 127 above.
135. Berlingske Tidende, 108, May 6, 1845.
136. See Ny Portefeuille, pub. Georg Johan Bernhard Carstensen, ed. Jørgen Christian Schythe, II, 13, June 30, 1844, col. 309 (ed. tr.): “We have spoken with various people who immediately seemed to betray a certain acquaintance with Nicolaus Notabene’s Prefaces as well as with Vigilius Hafniensis’s book The Concept of Anxiety and S. Kierkegaard’s Philosophical Fragments and his new Upbuilding Discourses. But, strangely enough, every time we wanted to go into one or another of these works a little, they always reverted to the comments about Prof. Heiberg in Prefaces.”
137. Jakob Peter Mynster (1775-1854), Bishop of Sjæslland, used this pseudonym formed from the initial consonant of the second syllable in each of his three names.
138. The famous Arabian caliph (764-809), about whom many tales are told in the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments (Thousand and One Nights). See, for example, Nights 431, 559, 754-55, Tausend und eine Nacht, I-IV, tr. Gustav Weil (Stuttgart, Pforzheim: 1838-41; ASKB 1414-17), II, pp. 612-13; III, pp. 314-19; IV, pp. 82-87.
139. Mendel Levin Nathanson (1780-1868), merchant, author, and editor (1838-58, 1865-66) of Berlingske Tidende.
140. Johan Nikolai Madvig (1804-1886), philologist and politician, professor of philology, University of Copenhagen (1829), editor of acclaimed scholarly editions of Cicero and Livy, and author of numerous works on language.
141. p. 27.
142. p. 118.
143. p. 398.
144. Pp. 477-81.
145. See Corsair Affair, p. 96, KW XIII.
146. p. 311.
147. Adolph Peter Adler (1812-1869) was a pastor in Hasle and Rutsker, on the Danish island Bornholm, who in 1843 published Nogle Prcedikener (ASKB u 49), in the preface of which he claimed direct divine revelation. Later in the journals, Kierkegaard refers frequently to Adler and in 1846-47 wrote Bogen om Adler, which remained unpublished until it appeared posthumously in Kierkegaard’s Papirer (VII2 B 235). See The Book on Adler, KW XXIV.
148. See Hans Frederik Helweg, ”Mag. Adlers senere Skrifter,” Kirketidende, no. 45, 46, July 19, 26, 1846.
149. Nogle Prædikener (Copenhagen: 1843; ASKB 49).
150. Nogle Digte; Studier og Exempler; Forsøg til en kort systematisk Fremstilling af Christendommen i dens Logik; Theologiske Studier (Copenhagen: 1846; ASKB 1502, 411-13).
151. Pp. 456, 470.
152. Anon., China, historisch, romantisch, malerisch (Karlsruhe: n.d.; ASKB 2036).
153. Pp. 398-99.
154. Anon. [Johannes Carsten Hauch], Søstrene paa Kinnekullen (Copenhagen: 1849).
155. I, p. 31, KW III (SV I 15).
156. See Luke 2:37-38; Romans 8:25; “Patience in Expectancy,” Two Upbuilding Discourses, Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses, KW V (SV IV 69-113).
157. Pp. 329-30.
158. Pp. 329-30.
159. p. 371.
160. p. 385.
161. Pp. 22, 65-71.
162. p. 493.
163. Two Ages, pp. 107-09, KW XIV (SV VIII 100-02).
164. See JP VI 6255 (Pap. IV B 63:7).
165. p. 68.
166. Either/Or, II, pp. 306-16, KW IV (SV II 275-83).
167. Pp. 75-76.
168. p. 79.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
For general bibliographies of Kierkegaard studies, see:
Jens Himmelstrup, Søren Kierkegaard International Bibliografi. Copen
hagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, 1962.
Aage Jørgensen, Søren Kierkegaard-litteratur 1961-1970. Aarhus: Akademisk Boghandel, 1971. Søren Kierkegaard-litteratur 1971-1980. Aarhus: privately published, 1983.
François H. Lapointe, Søren Kierkegaard and His Critics: An International Bibliography of Criticism. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1980.
Kierkegaard: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Josiah Thompson. New York: Doubleday (Anchor Books), 1972.
Kierkegaardiana, XII, 1982.
Søren Kierkegaard’s Journals and Papers, I, ed. and tr. Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, assisted by Gregor Malantschuk. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1967.
For topical bibliographies of Kierkegaard studies, see Søren Kierkegaard’s Journals and Papers, I-IV, 1967-75.
INDEX
Abelard, 407, 625
Abrahamson, Werner Hans, Rasmus Nyerup, and Knud Lyne Rahbek, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, 716, 741
absolute, the, 48–49; esthetic, 129
abstraction, the abstract: and being, 693; and concretion, 114–15, 658–59; and falling in love, 174; and ideality, 114–15; inhumanity of, 174; and intellectuality, 171; and marriage, 174–75; and the metaphysical, 476; religious, 172–73, 175–76, 659–60; and resolution, 114–15; and temporality, 175
absurdity, the absurd, 163–64
accident(s), the accidental, 10, 12, 80, 129
accounting, see analogy
actor/actress, 131–32
actuality, the actual, xii, 23, 26, 30, 62; break with, 177; and communication, 656; and erotic love, 32; and the esthetic, 459; and imaginary construction, 191; and love, 160; and possibility, 205, 328–29, 439, 472; and reality, 698; and reflection, 160; and the religious, 428; and the writer, xiv–xv
Adam: and Eden, 350, 605; and Eve, 36, 127, 489
Adler, Adolph Peter, 655–56; Forsøg til en kort systematisk Fremstilling af Christendommen i dens Logik, 749; Nogle Digte, 749; Nogle Prædikener, 748; Studier og Exempler, 749; Theologiske Studier, 749
admiration, 27, 28, 243, 251; as unfaithfulness, 158; of women, 51, 58, 159
Adresseavisen, 60
Stages on Life’s Way Page 84