10. Davis to Judah P. Benjamin, Richmond, VA, Mar. 11, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 214.
11. Davis to Albert Sidney Johnston, Richmond, VA, Mar. 26, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 225.
12. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 2: 77-.
13. Ibid., 5: 82-84.
14. Ibid., 5: 30-.
15. Southern Historical Society Papers, 44: 80.
16. Davis to the Congress, Richmond, VA, Mar. 14, 1862, as quoted in Richardson, ed., Compilation of Messages, 1: 215-16.
17. As quoted in Yearns, Confederate Congress, 108.
18. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 2: 28-, Southern Historical Society Papers, 44: 65-.
19. Davis, proclamation, Richmond, VA, Feb. 27, 1862, as quoted in Richardson, ed., Compilation of Messages, 1: 219.
20. Davis, proclamation, Richmond, VA, Mar. 1, 1862, as quoted in Richardson, ed., Compilation of Messages, 1: 220-21; Yearns, Confederate Congress, 150-51.
21. L. Post, Monroe Co. [N.Y.], [1862], as quoted in Davis Papers, Lib. of Cong.
22. Southern Historical Society Papers, 44: 137-38.
23. As quoted in ibid., 45: 26-29.
24. Wigfall and Oldham as quoted in ibid.
25. Davis to Joseph E. Johnston, Richmond, VA, Feb. 28, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 208-10.
26. Brown to Jefferson Davis, Milledgeville, GA, Apr. 22, 1862, Davis Papers, Museum of the Confederacy.
27. Davis to Joseph E. Brown, Richmond, VA, Apr. 28, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 236-37.
8. Richmond, the Capital
1. Dabney, Richmond, 171.
2. Jones, Rebel War Clerk’s Diary 1: 120.
3. Putnam, Richmond during the War, 113.
4. Van Brunt, “Report of Captain Van Brunt,” to Gideon Welles, Mar. 10, 1862, Official Records of the Union, 1: 7: 11.
5. Pugh as quoted in Hedley, Marching through Georgia, 46.
6. Stillwell, Story of a Common Soldier, 42-52.
7. Stanley, Autobiography, 187-200.
8. Garnet Wolseley, “A Month’s Visit to Confederate Headquarters,” Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 93 (January-June 1863): 21; Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, 249.
9. William Pittenger, “The Locomotive Chase in Georgia,” in Century Magazine 14 (1886): 141.
10. LeGrand, Journal, 39-43; Hawthorne as quoted in Masur, ed., Real War, 176.
11. McClellan, Civil War Papers, 257.
12. Jones, Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, 1: 128.
13. Davis to Varina Davis, Richmond, VA, Jun. 2, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 264-65.
14. Evander M. Law, “The Fight for Richmond,” Southern Bivouac 2 (April 1867): 649.
15. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 1: 150-51; Coski, “Abstract of Meetings and Conferences.”
16. Davis as quoted in Cooper, Jefferson Davis, 379.
17. Johnston to Rosa Johnston, May 10, 1862, and Johnston to Rosa Johnston, May 17, 1862, Johnston Papers, Tulane University.
18. Davis as quoted in Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 2: 135.
19. Keitt to Susan Keitt, Charleston, SC, Apr. 10, 1862, Keitt Papers.
20. Davis to Joseph E. Brown, Richmond, VA, May 29, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 254-62.
21. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 5: 251.
22. Gorgas to William Porcher Miles, Ordnance Dept., Richmond, VA, Apr. 4, 1862, Miles Papers, University of North Carolina.
23. Davis to William L. Yancey and Clement C. Clay, senators, Richmond, VA, Apr. 21, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 234.
24. Davis to the Congress, Richmond, VA, Apr. 19, 1862, in Richardson, ed., Compilations of Messages, 1: 216-17.
25. Miles to Jefferson Davis, Charleston, SC, May 24, 1862, Davis Papers, National Archives.
26. Pickens to Robert E. Lee, Columbia, SC, Apr. 5, 1862, Pickens Papers.
27. Toombs to Alexander H. Stephens, camp near Richmond, VA, May 17, 1862, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 594-95.
28. Davis to Varina Davis, Richmond, VA, May 28, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 252-54.
29. Davis to Varina Davis, Richmond, VA, May 31, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 264.
9. The Rise of Lee and Bragg
1. Jones to his wife, Richmond, VA, Jun. 13, 1862, Jones Papers.
2. Davis to Varina Davis, Richmond, VA, Jun. 13, 1862, Davis Papers, Museum of the Confederacy; in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 277-78.
3. Stiles, Four Years, 97-99.
4. Livermore, Days and Events, 86-90.
5. Dabney, Life and Campaigns, 516-18.
6. Sturgis as quoted in Haupt, Reminiscences,78, 80, 82.
7. Edward McCrady Jr., “Gregg’s Brigade in the Second Battle of Manassas,” Southern Historical Society Papers 13 (1885): 32.
8. Charles F. Walcott, “The Battle of Chantilly,” Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, 2:145, 1895.
9. Davis to Francis W. Pickens, Richmond, VA, Jun. 19, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 282-83.
10. Pickens to Jefferson Davis, Columbia, SC, Jun. 12, 1862, Pickens Papers; in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 275-76.
11. Davis to Francis W. Pickens, Richmond, VA, Aug. 16, 1862, Pickens Papers; Pickens to Jefferson Davis, Columbia, SC, Aug. 20, 1862, Pickens Papers.
12. Bragg as quoted in McWhiney, Braxton Bragg, 266.
13. Beauregard to Thomas Jordan, Bladon, AL, Jul. 12, 1862, Beauregard Papers, Duke University.
14. Davis to William Preston Johnston, Richmond, VA, Jun. 14, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 279-80.
15. Davis to Varina Davis, Richmond, VA, Jun. 3, 1862, Davis Papers, Museum of the Confederacy.
16. Davis to James J. Pettus, Richmond, VA, Jun. 19, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 282.
17. Davis to Thomas O. Moore, Richmond, VA, Jun. 25, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 286-87.
18. Rector as quoted in Davis, Papers of Jefferson Davis, 8: 193-94.
19. Lubbock to Jefferson Davis, Austin, TX, Jun. 27, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 287-89.
20. Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Marietta, GA, Jul. 2, 1862, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 597-99.
21. Alexander H. Stephens, draft memorandum, Liberty Hall, Crawfordville, GA, Jun. 24, 1862, Stephens Papers, Duke University.
22. Lubbock, Claiborne F. Jackson, Henry M. Rector, and Thomas O. Moore to Jefferson Davis, Marshall, TX, Jul. 28, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 301-3.
23. Jenkins as quoted in U.S. War Dept., War of the Rebellion, 1: 16, 1: 845-47.
24. Horace Greeley, “The Prayer of Twenty Millions,” New York Tribune, August 20, 1862.
25. Lincoln, Collected Works, 5: 388-89.
26. Seward as quoted in Taylor, William Henry Seward, 240.
27. Mallory, diary, Richmond, VA, Jun. 24, 1862, Mallory Papers.
10. An Uneasy Brotherhood
1. Davis as quoted in Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 2: 226.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., 228.
4. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 2: 263; Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 199.
5. Ibid., 278; ibid., 199. Ever since its inception, the U.S. Army had printed an annual register listing its officers and their grades, ranks, and assignments. For the first time the Confederacy now asked for an Army Register of its own when the Senate requested a list of commissioned of
ficers of the Regular and Provisional armies. On September 27 a press run of five hundred copies of this publication was reported. Amazingly, however, not one copy of this register (or any subsequent registers) has been located—not in Richmond, not at the National Archives, not at the Library of Congress.
6. Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 202-5.
7. Phelan as quoted in ibid., 46: 62-65.
8. Semmes, Oldham, and Wigfall as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 74-79.
9. Southern Historical Society Papers, 45: 176.
10. Miles to Charles Lanman, NY, Oct. 26, 1859, Miles Papers, University of South Carolina.
11. Foote and Singleton as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 45: 203-11.
12. Herbert, Miles, and Gaither as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 45: 213-16.
13. Foster as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 45: 238.
14. Wigfall as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 45: 250-54.
15. Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 15-16.
16. Ibid., 46: 17-18.
17. Miller and Crockett as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 25-28.
18. Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 176-81.
19. Holt and Jones as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 257-59.
20. Davis to Braxton Bragg, Richmond, VA, Aug. 5, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 312-13.
21. Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Canton, GA, Sept. 1, 1862, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 605-06.
22. Orr as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 61.
23. Orr, Phelan, and Wigfall as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 113-19.
24. Orr as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 127-28.
25. Johnston to his wife, Rosa Johnston, Richmond, VA, Oct. 27, 1862, Johnston Papers.
26. Congress of the Confederate States to Jefferson Davis, Richmond, VA, Sept. 13, 1862, Davis Papers, Duke University.
27. Southern Historical Society Papers, 45: 242-47.
28. Foote as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 174-75.
29. Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 187-88.
30. Ibid., 49: 87-88.
31. Orr as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 215-16.
32. Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 232-34.
33. Davis to the Congress, Richmond, VA, Oct. 13, 1862, in Richardson, ed., Compilation of Messages, 1: 262-68.
34. Wigfall as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 243-46.
35. Davis to George W. Randolph, Richmond, VA, Nov. 14, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 371-72.
36. Semmes, Clark, and Henry as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 49: 7-8.
37. Cobb to his wife, Charlestown, VA, Sept. 17, 1862, as quoted in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 606-7.
38. James M. Smythe to Howell Cobb, Augusta, GA, Dec. 17, 1862, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 609.
39. Davis to the Congress, Richmond, VA, Sept. 2, 1862, in Richardson, ed., Compilation of Messages, 1: 240-41.
40. Lee to Louis T. Wigfall, Headquarters, Army of Northern Virginia, near Martinsburg, VA, Sept. 21, 1862, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
41. Archer Jones, “Secretary Randolph and Confederate Strategy,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 61 (1953): 45-57.
42. Davis to George W. Randolph, Richmond, VA, Nov. 15, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 374.
43. Mallory, diary, Richmond, VA, Nov. 19, 1862, Mallory Papers.
44. Roy Watson Curry, “James A. Seddon, A Southern Prototype,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 63 (1955): 123-50.
45. Bledsoe to Jefferson Davis, Charlottesville, VA, Nov. 19, 1862, Davis Papers, Duke University.
46. Wigfall to James A. Seddon, Amelia Springs, VA, Dec. 8, 1862, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
47. Southern Historical Society Papers, 46: 160-64.
48. Davis to Zebulon B. Vance, Richmond, VA, Oct. 17, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 354-55.
49. Davis to Benjamin H. Hill, Richmond, VA, Oct. 23, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 358-59.
50. Davis to John G. Shorter, Richmond, VA, Oct. 29, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 361.
51. Davis to John Milton, Richmond, VA, Nov. 7, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 366.
52. Lubbock to Jefferson Davis, Austin, TX, Nov. 7, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 369-71.
53. Davis to the state governors, Richmond, VA, Nov. 26, 1862, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 377-78.
54. Keitt to Susan Keitt, Sullivan’s Island, SC, Dec. 15, 1862, Keitt Papers.
11. Jockeying for Position
1. Davis as quoted in Richardson, ed., Compilation of Messages, 1: 276-97.
2. Strother, Virginia Yankee, 112.
3. Lincoln, Collected Works, 6: 78-79.
4. Davis to the Congress, Richmond, VA, Jan. 12, 1863, in Richardson, ed., Compilation of Messages, 1: 276-97; Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 396-415.
5. Southern Historical Society Papers, 47: 197-201, 206-11, 223-25.
6. Wigfall and others as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 25-27.
7. Phelan as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 60-63.
8. Yancey as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 318-20, 322-25.
9. As quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 60, 80.
10. Davis to Edward Sparrow, Richmond, VA, Jan. 20, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 419.
11. Keitt to Louis T. Wigfall, Headquarters, Force on Sullivan’s Island, SC, Jan. 16, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
12. Beauregard to Milledge L. Bonham, Charleston, SC, Jan. 7, 1863, Bonham Papers.
13. Southern Historical Society Papers, 47: 211-12.
14. Vest and Foote as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 47: 119-23.
15. Foote as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 217-18.
16. Johnston to Louis T. Wigfall, Chattanooga, TN, Mar. 8, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
17. Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 44-.
18. Toombs to the soldiers of Toombs’s Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia, Richmond, VA, Mar. 5, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 612-13.
19. Davis to Abraham C. Myers, Richmond, VA, Feb. 5, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 430.
20. Hood to Louis T. Wigfall, Division Headquarters, Feb. 5, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
21. Johnston to Louis T. Wigfall, Chattanooga, TN, Mar. 4, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
22. Davis to Joseph E. Brown, Richmond, VA, Jan. 27, 1863, Davis Papers, Library of Congress.
23. Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Milledgeville, GA, Jan. 30, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 610.
24. Toombs to Alexander H. Stephens, Richmond, VA, Mar. 2, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb, Correspondence, 611.
25. Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 140-42.
26. Bryan to Jefferson Davis, Waco, TX, Mar. 9, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 442-44.
27. Davis to the senators and representatives of Arkansas, Richmond, VA, Mar. 30, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 460-63.
28. Conrad as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 48: 295-96.
12. Politics Spinning Out of Control
1. Putnam as quoted in Jones, Ladies of Richmond, 136-39.
2. Jones, Ladies of Richmond, 139-42.
3. Wigfall as quoted in ibid., 143-45.
4. John Coski, memorandum by John and Ruth Ann Coski, “Social Life in Wartime Richmond.”
&n
bsp; 5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Livermore, Days and Events, 203.
8. Borcke, Memoirs, 2: 241.
9. James Power Smith, “Stonewall Jackson’s Last Battle,” in Battles and Leaders, eds. Johnson and Buel, 3: 211.
10. Darius N. Couch, “The Chancellorsville Campaign,” in Battles and Leaders, eds. Johnson and Buel, 3: 169.
11. Oliver Otis Howard, “The Eleventh Corps at Chancellorsville,” in Battles and Leaders, eds. Johnson and Buel, 3: 202.
12. Rowland as quoted in Jones, Ladies of Richmond, 165-67.
13. Grierson to John A. Rawlins, Baton Rouge, LA, May 5, 1863, in U.S. War Dept., War of the Rebellion, 24: I, 522.
14. Sherman, Home Letters, 268-69.
15. Anonymous, Vicksburg, MS, Mar. 20, 1863, as quoted in “A Woman’s Diary of the Siege of Vicksburg; Under Fire from the Gunboats,” ed., George Washington Cable, Century 8 (1885): 767.
16. Andrew Hickenlooper, “The Vicksburg Mine,” in Battles and Leaders, eds. Johnson and Buel, 3: 542.
17. Wigfall as quoted in Jones, Ladies of Richmond, 168-69.
18. Wigfall to “Buddy,” her brother, Richmond, VA, May 16, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Museum of the Confederacy.
19. Davis to the people of the Confederacy, Richmond, VA, Apr. 10, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 469-73.
20. Johnston to Jefferson Davis, Tullahoma, TN, Apr. 10, 1863, Davis Papers, Duke University.
21. Vance to Jefferson Davis, Raleigh, NC, May 13, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 485-88.
22. Longstreet to Louis T. Wigfall, Headquarters near Fredericksburg, VA, May 13, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
23. Beauregard to Louis T. Wigfall, Charleston, SC, May 18, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
24. Davis to Robert E. Lee, Richmond, VA, May 30, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 500.
25. Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 6: 374, 453-54.
26. Foote and Conrad as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 49: 87-88.
27. Davis to the Senate, Richmond, VA, Apr. 10, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 478.
28. Brown as quoted in Southern Historical Society Papers, 49: 161-62.
29. Davis to William L. Yancey, Richmond, VA, May 26, 1863, in Davis, Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, 5: 498-99.
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