13. Ibid.
14. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 125.
15. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, pp. 123–4.
16. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 190 and n. 75, p. 1059.
17. Ibid., p. 224.
18. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 141.
19. Ibid., pp. 141–2.
Chapter Eight
1. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 138.
2. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 142.
3. Carnegie Travel Letters: c. June 1865 to Margaret and Tom Carnegie.
4. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 142.
5. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 139.
6. Ibid., pp. 138 and 140.
7. Ibid., p. 139.
8. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 143.
9. Carnegie Travel Letters, 16 October 1865.
10. Ibid., Carnegie to Margaret and Tom Carnegie, 3 December 1865.
11. Ibid., Carnegie to Margaret Carnegie, 2 September 1865.
Chapter Nine
1. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 149.
2. Ibid., pp. 149–50.
3. Ibid., p. 149.
4. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 143.
5. Ibid., p. 146.
6. Ibid., pp. 146–7.
7. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 150.
8. Ibid., p. 154.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 155.
11. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 172.
12. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 157.
13. William Power, The National Wallace Museum, pp. 1–2.
14. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 160.
15. Ibid.
16. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, pp. 230ff.
17. Ibid., vol. I, p. 224.
18. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 113.
19. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 170.
20. Ibid., p. 174.
21. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 316.
22. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 215.
23. Ibid.
24. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 210.
25. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 28.
Chapter Ten
1. Andrew Carnegie, Round the World, p. 38.
2. Ibid., p. 47.
3. Ibid., pp. 134–5.
4. Ibid., p. 273.
5. The letter appears in vol. 4 of the Andrew Carnegie papers at the Library of Congress, Washington DC.
6. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 204.
7. Ibid., p. 206. In fact Carnegie’s An American Four-in-hand in Britain preceded this work in 1883.
8. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 237.
9. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 206.
10. Ibid., p. 206.
11. Ibid., p. 207.
Chapter Eleven
1. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 315.
2. Burton J. Hendrick and Donald Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, p. 54.
3. Ibid., p. 57.
4. Ibid., p. 57.
5. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 253.
6. Andrew Carnegie, An American Four-in-Hand in Britain, pp. 2–3.
7. Ibid., p. 31.
8. Ibid., p. 31.
9. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 405.
10. Andrew Carnegie, An American Four-in-Hand in Britain, p. 89.
11. Lilian Gilchrist-Thompson, Sidney Gilchrist-Thomas, p. 169.
12. Andrew Carnegie, An American Four-in-Hand in Britain, p. 108.
13. Ibid., p. 110.
14. Ibid., p. 150.
15. Ibid., p. 155.
16. Ibid., p. 241.
17. Ibid., p. 243.
18. Ibid., p. 278.
19. Ibid., p. 281.
20. Ibid., p. 282.
21. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 236.
22. Peter Krass, Carnegie, pp. 161–2; he gives his source as a statement recorded by Burton J. Hendrick. John Johnston’s comments come from private correspondence with the author.
23. Andrew Carnegie, An American Four-in-Hand in Britain, p. 295.
24. Ibid., p. 334.
25. Ibid., p. 337.
26. Ibid., p. 338.
27. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 237.
Chapter Twelve
1. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 166.
2. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 286.
3. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 276.
4. John K. Winkler, Incredible Carnegie, p. 167.
5. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 276.
6. Ibid., p. 309; Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 256.
7. Quoted by Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, pp. 428–9.
8. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 332.
9. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 381.
10. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 336.
11. Herbert Spencer, Autobiography, vol. II, p. 478.
12. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 242.
13. John Morley, Viscount Morley, Recollections, vol. II, p. 110.
14. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 243.
15. Ibid.
16. J.B. Paul, Eccentricities of Genius, pp. 323–4.
17. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 246.
18. Letters of Matthew Arnold, vol. II, pp. 269 and 276.
19. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 249.
20. Reynold’s News, 30 April 1882, p. 1.
21. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 263.
22. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 330.
23. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 260.
24. Ibid., vol. I, p. 263.
25. Ibid., vol. I, pp. 263–4.
26. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 265. Letter, 18 October 1884, New York.
Chapter Thirteen
1. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, pp. 64–5.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., p. 66.
4. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, pp. 435–6.
5. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 298.
6. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 252.
7. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 415: Letter, 23 July 1885.
8. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 416.
9. Ibid., pp. 416–17.
10. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 309.
11. Ibid., p. 331.
12. Ibid., p. 330.
13. Andrew Carnegie, Triumphant Democracy, p. 1.
14. Ibid., p. 125.
15. Ibid., p. 135.
16. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 273.
17. Ibid., pp. 273–4.
18. Reynold’s News, 14 September 1890, p. 1. Speech at Dundee.
19. Letters of Matthew Arnold, vol. II, p. 396.
20. Letter, Herbert Spencer to Andrew Carnegie, London, 18 May 1886, quoted by Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, pp. 277–8.
21. Letter, John Morley to Andrew Carnegie, London, 17 May 1886, quoted in ibid., pp. 278–9.
22. Robert G. McCloskey, American Conservatism in the Age of Enterprise, pp. 157–8.
23. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 332.
24. Ibid., p. 213.
25. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 255.
26. Ibid., pp. 254–5.
27. Letter, 24 November 1886.
28. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 180.
Chapter Fourteen
1. Joseph Frazier Wall, A
ndrew Carnegie, p. 420.
2. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 215.
3. Margaret McNeill, Notes on the History of Kilgraston. The house was sold in 1930 to the Society of the Sacred Heart who developed it as a private school; from the First World War the house served as a MoD military hospital.
4. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, p. 105.
5. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 266.
6. Letters of Mrs James G. Blaine, vol. II, pp. 156–8.
7. J.B. Thayer, Life and Letters of John Hay, vol. II, p. 74. Letter to Henry Adams.
8. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 216.
9. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 235, quoting Louise Carnegie’s letter to her mother Mrs J.W. Whitfield, 17 July 1886.
10. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 217.
11. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, pp. 118–19.
12. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, pp. 326–7.
13. Letter, Andrew Carnegie to William L. Abbott, 25 July 1888.
14. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, pp. 123–4.
15. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 324.
16. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, p. 123.
17. The Carnegies did not spend 1892 at Cluny Castle as it was being refurbished by the Macphersons. The family sold the property in 1940 and some of the historic relics that had been in the castle in Carnegie’s time were donated to the clan museum at nearby Newtonmore.
18. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 316.
19. North America Review, June 1889. Carnegie had, prior to this, published articles and addresses on his ideas in Macmillan’s Magazine (January 1885), The Forum (April 1880), and (New York) Times (October 1888).
20. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 330.
21. Letter, Andrew Carnegie to philanthropist Joseph G. Schmidlapp, dated New York, 30 December 1890.
22. Milton Meltzer, The Many Lives of Andrew Carnegie, pp. 121–2.
23. Ibid., p. 121.
24. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, note on p. 255.
25. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 355.
26. New York Tribune, 21 February 1890.
27. Charlie May Simon, The Andrew Carnegie Story, p. 190.
28. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 353.
Chapter Fifteen
1. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 366.
2. Ibid.
3. Forum: issues for April 1886 and August 1886.
4. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 369.
5. Ibid., vol. I, p. 371.
6. Ibid., vol. I, p. 370.
7. John K. Winkler, Incredible Carnegie, p. 189.
8. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 381.
9. Ibid., vol. I, p. 388.
10. Congressional Committee: House reports, 2nd session, 52nd Congress 1892–3, vol. III, Report 2447.
11. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, pp. 394–5.
12. See Note 10.
13. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 398.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., vol. I, p. 399.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. John K. Winkler, Incredible Carnegie, p. 208.
19. Ibid., cutting quoted p. 213.
20. Ibid.
21. John A. Fitch, The Steel Workers, p. 104.
22. Letter from Barmouth, 19 October 1892. Quoted by Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. I, p. 410.
23. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 301.
24. John K. Winkler, Incredible Carnegie, p. 219.
Chapter Sixteen
1. John K. Winkler, Incredible Carnegie, p. 224.
2. Ibid., p. 226.
3. Ibid., pp. 227–8.
4. Ibid., p. 229.
5. Ibid., p. 233.
6. Henry Clay Frick to Andrew Carnegie, 24 December 1894. Quoted by Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 317.
7. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, pp. 429–31. Letter, 26 December 1895.
8. Ibid., vol. II, p. 432.
9. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 333.
Chapter Seventeen
1. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, pp. 144–5.
2. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, p. 170.
3. Ibid.
4. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 949.
5. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 217.
6. Andrew Carnegie, ‘Some Important Results of the Jubilee’, North American Review, vol. 165, October 1897, p. 506.
7. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, p. 147.
8. Denis Stuart, Dear Duchess: Millicent Duchess of Sutherland 1867–1955, p. 92.
9. John Dowden, The Bishops of Scotland, pp. 234–5.
10. James A. Simpson, Dornoch Cathedral, pp. 14, 23.
11. Peter Gray, Skibo: Its Lairds and History; family references.
12. Joseph Frazier Wall, Skibo, p. 54.
13. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, p. 152.
14. John Connachan-Holmes, Country Houses of Scotland, p. 110.
15. William Calder, The Last Country Houses, p. 188.
16. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 443.
17. The West 51st Street home was kept on at New York for Carnegie’s sister-in-law Lucy Coleman Carnegie.
18. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, p. 151.
19. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, p. 152.
20. Ibid., vol. II, p. 167.
21. Ibid., vol. II, p. 88.
22. Ibid., vol. II, p. 152.
23. Ibid., vol. II, p. 155.
24. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 715.
25. For the fine detail and legal background of this section the following may be consulted: Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, ch. XIX, pp. 714ff; Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, ch. 4, pp. 89ff; Peter Krass, Carnegie, ch. 27, pp. 380ff.
26. Peter Krass, Carnegie, pp. 395, 571.
27. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 35.
28. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, pp. 138–9.
Chapter Eighteen
1. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, Preface, p. v.
2. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 261.
3. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 295.
4. Review of Reviews, London, vol. 23, April 1901, p. 344.
5. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 259.
6. Ibid., pp. 67–79.
7. Sea-breeze was requisitioned by the MoD during the First World War and was subsequently broken up.
8. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 403: Letter, 10 October 1900.
9. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, p. 217.
10. Ibid., vol. II, pp. 218–19: Letter, 21 May 1901.
11. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 80.
12. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, p. 272.
13. Ibid., p. 271.
14. Raymond Lamont-Brown, The Life and Times of St Andrews, pp. 92–4.
15. Ibid., pp. 96–8.
16. Burton J. Hendrick (ed.), Miscellaneous Writings of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, pp. 291–319.
17. Ibid., vol. I, pp. 78–125.
18. R.G. Cant, The University of St Andrews, p. 133.
19. Douglas Young, St Andrews: Town and Gown, Royal and Ancient, p. 258.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22.
Greg P. Twiss and Paul Chennell, Famous Rectors of St Andrews, pp. 67–8.
23. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, pp. 272–3.
24. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, p. 258.
25. Ibid., vol. II, pp. 258–9: Letter, 22 December 1901.
26. Council Minutes, Royal Burgh of Perth, 8 October 1902: Files, A.K. Bell Library, Perth, Scotland.
27. Revd T.R.S. Campbell, A Short History of the Bonnetmaker Craft, pp. 6, 12.
28. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, p. 172.
29. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 53.
30. Linda Thorell Hills (ed.), Margaret Carnegie Miller: Her Journals, pp. 2–3.
31. Anthony Allfrey, Edward VII and his Jewish Court, p. 94.
32. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, p. 174.
33. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, pp. 264–5.
34. Sir Harry Lauder, Roamin’ in the Gloamin’, pp. 264–5.
Chapter Nineteen
1. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 215.
2. Ibid., p. 226.
3. Ibid., p. 214.
4. John K. Winkler, Incredible Carnegie: The Life of Andrew Carnegie 1835–1919, pp. 281–2.
5. Simon Goodenough, The Greatest Good Fortune: Andrew Carnegie’s Gift for Today, p. 237.
6. Ibid., p. 253.
7. Andrew Carnegie, League of Peace, p. 1.
8. Ibid., p. 2.
9. Ibid., p. 33.
10. Ibid., p. 43.
11. Ibid., p. 47.
12. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 467.
13. Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography, pp. 366–8.
14. Ibid., pp. 369–70.
15. Peter Krass, Carnegie, p. 476.
16. Ibid., p. 481.
17. Ibid., 488.
18. Ibid., p. 490.
19. Linda Thorell Hills (ed.), Margaret Carnegie Miller: Her Journals, pp. 10–11.
20. Peter Krass, Carnegie, pp. 460–1.
21. Ibid., p. 499.
22. Ibid., p. 514.
23. Burton J. Hendrick and Daniel Henderson, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, p. 181.
24. Burton J. Hendrick, The Life of Andrew Carnegie, vol. II, p. 345.
25. Ibid., vol. II, p. 346.
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