Julia swallowed. Oh, she had so much counted on another year of freedom! But it was not to be. And, thinking about it, wasn’t it better the way he suggested? The more time went by, the more she would grow to hate the idea. Get it over and done with! So she said, voice soft, “That sounds wonderful, Brutus.”
“Do you think your father would see us now?” he asked eagerly.
“Well, it’s grown dark, but he never sleeps anyway. The law distributing land is finished, but he’s working on some other huge undertaking. The hundred scribes are still in residence. I wonder what Pompeia would say if she knew her old rooms have been turned into offices?”
“Isn’t your father ever going to marry again?”
“It doesn’t appear so. Mind you, I don’t think he wanted to marry Pompeia. He loved my mother.”
Brutus’s poor besmirched brow wrinkled. “It seems such a happy state to me, though I’m glad he didn’t marry Mama. Was she so lovely, your mother?”
“I do remember her, but not vividly. She wasn’t terribly pretty, and tata was away a lot. But I don’t think tata truly thought of her the way most men think of their wives. Perhaps he never will esteem a wife because she’s a wife. My mama was more his sister, I believe. They grew up together, it made a bond.” She rose to her feet. “Come, let’s find avia. I always send her in first, she’s not afraid to beard him.”
“Are you?”
“Oh, he’d never be rude to me, or even curt. But he’s so desperately busy, and I love him so much, Brutus! My little concerns must seem a nuisance, I always feel.”
Well, that gentle, wise sensitivity to the feelings of others was one of the reasons why he loved her so enormously. He was beginning to deal with Mama, and after he was married to Julia he knew it would become easier and easier to deal with Mama.
But Aurelia had a cold and had gone to bed already; Julia knocked on her father’s study door.
“Tata, can you see us?” she asked through it.
He opened it himself, smiling, kissing her cheek, hand out to shake Brutus’s hand. They entered the lamplit room blinking, it was filled with so many little flames, though Caesar used the very best oil and proper linen wicks, which meant no smoke and no overwhelming odor of burning oakum.
“This is a surprise,” he said. “Some wine?”
Brutus shook his head; Julia laughed.
“Tata,” she said, “I know how busy you are, so we won’t take up much of your time. We’d like to marry next month.”
How did he manage to do that? Absolutely no change came over his face, yet a change had happened. The eyes looking at them remained exactly the same.
“What’s provoked this?” he asked Brutus.
Who found himself stammering. “Well, Caesar, we’ve been betrothed for almost nine years, and Julia is seventeen. We haven’t changed our minds, and we love each other very much. A lot of girls marry at seventeen. Junia will, Mama says. And Junilla. Like Julia, they’re betrothed to men, not boys.”
“Have you been indiscreet?” Caesar asked levelly.
Even in the ruddy lamplight Julia’s blush was noticeable. “Oh, tata, no, of course not!” she cried.
“Are you saying then that unless you marry you will succumb to indiscretion?” the advocate pressed.
“No, tata, no!” Julia wrung her hands, tears gathering. “It isn’t like that!”
“No, it isn’t like that,” said Brutus, a little angrily. “I have come in all honor, Caesar. Why are you imputing dishonor?’’
“I’m not,” Caesar said, voice detached. “A father has to ask these things, Brutus. I’ve been a man a very long time, which is why most men are both protective and defensive about their girl children. I’m sorry if I’ve ruffled your feathers, I intended no insult. But it’s a foolish father who won’t ask.”
“Yes, I see that,” muttered Brutus.
“Then can we marry?” Julia persisted, anxious to have it fully settled, her fate decided.
“No,” said Caesar.
A silence fell during which Julia began to look as if a huge burden had been lifted from her shoulders; Caesar had wasted no time in looking at Brutus, he watched his daughter closely.
“Why not?” from Brutus.
“I said eighteen, Brutus, and I meant eighteen. My poor little first wife was married at seven. It matters not that she and I were happy when we did become man and wife. I vowed that any daughter of mine would have the luxury of living out her years as a child as a child. Eighteen, Brutus. Eighteen, Julia.”
“We tried,” she said when they were outside and the door was shut on Caesar. “Don’t mind too much, Brutus dear.”
“I do mind!” he said, broke down and wept.
And having let the devastated Brutus out to mourn all the way home, Julia went back upstairs to her rooms. There she went into her sleeping cubicle—too spacious really for that term—and picked up the bust of Pompey the Great from the shelf where it resided near her bed. She held it cheek to cheek, danced it out into her sitting room, almost unbearably happy. She was still his.
By the time he reached Decimus Silanus’s house on the Palatine, Brutus had composed himself.
“Thinking about it, I prefer your marriage this year to next,” Servilia announced from her sitting room as he tried to tiptoe past it.
He turned in. “Why?” he asked.
“Well, your wedding next year would take some of the gloss off Junia and Vatia Isaurieus,” she said.
“Then prepare yourself for a disappointment, Mama. Caesar said no. Eighteen it must be.”
Servilia stared, arrested. “What?”
“Caesar said no.”
She frowned, pursed her lips. “How odd! Now why?”
“Something to do with his first wife. She was only seven, he said. Therefore Julia must be a full eighteen.”
“What absolute rubbish!”
“He’s Julia’s paterfamilias, Mama, he can do as he wills.”
“Ah yes, but this paterfamilias does nothing from caprice. What’s he up to?”
“I believed what he said, Mama. Though at first he was quite unpleasant. He wanted to know if Julia and I had—had—”
“Did he?” The black eyes sparkled. “And have you?”
“No!”
“A yes would have knocked me off my chair, I admit it. You lack the gumption, Brutus. You ought to have said yes. Then he would have had no choice other than to let you marry now.”
“A marriage without honor is beneath us!” Brutus snapped.
Servilia turned her back. “Sometimes, my son, you remind me of Cato. Go away!”
*
In one way Bibulus’s declaration that every comitial day for the rest of the year was a holiday (holidays, however, did not forbid normal business, from market days to courts) was useful. Two years earlier the then consul Pupius Piso Frugi had passed a law, a lex Pupia, forbidding the Senate to meet on a comitial day. It had been done to reduce the power of the senior consul, enhanced by the law of Aulus Gabinius forbidding normal senatorial business during February, the junior consul’s month; most of January was made up of comitial days, which meant the Senate now couldn’t meet on them, thanks to Piso Frugi’s law.
Caesar needed the Assemblies. Neither he nor Vatinius could legislate from the Senate, which recommended laws, but could not pass them. How then to get around this frustrating edict of Bibulus’s making all comitial days holidays?
He called the College of Pontifices into session, and directed the quindecimviri sacris faciundis to search the sacred prophetic Books for evidence that this year warranted its comitial days’ being changed to holidays. At the same time the Chief Augur, Messala Rufus, called the College of Augurs into session. The result of all this was that Bibulus was deemed to have overstepped his authority as an augur; the comitial days could not be religiously abolished on one man’s say-so.
While contiones on the land bill progressed, Caesar decided to broach the matter of Pompey’s settlement of t
he East. By a neat bit of maneuvering he summoned the Senate to meet on a comitial day toward the end of January, perfectly legal unless an Assembly was meeting. When the four tribunes of the plebs belonging to the boni rushed to summon the Plebeian Assembly to foil Caesar’s ploy, they found themselves detained by members of the Clodius Club; Clodius was happy to oblige the man who had the power to plebeianize him.
“It is imperative that we ratify the settlements and agreements entered into by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in the East,” Caesar said. “If tribute is to flow, it has to be sanctioned by the Roman Senate or one of the Roman Assemblies. Foreign affairs have never been the province of the Assemblies, which understand neither them nor how they are conducted. The Treasury has been severely inconvenienced by the two years of Senate inertia that I am now determined to end. Provincial tributes were set too high by the publicani, who contributed nothing in protest against having to contribute too much. That is now over and done with, but these revenues are by no means the only ones in question. There are kings and potentates all over Rome’s new territories or client states who have agreed to pay large sums to Rome in return for her protection. Take the tetrarch Deiotarus of Galatia, who concluded a treaty with Gnaeus Pompeius that when ratified will bring five hundred talents a year into the Treasury. In other words, by neglecting to ratify this agreement, Rome has so far lost a thousand talents of tribute money from Galatia alone. Then we have others: Sampsiceramus, Abgarus, Hyrcanus, Pharnaces, Tigranes, Ariobarzanes Philopator, plus a host of minor princelings up and down the Euphrates. All committed to large tributes as yet un-collected because the treaties concluded with them have not been ratified. Rome is very rich, but Rome ought to be much richer! In order to pacify and settle Italia alone, Rome needs more than Rome has. I have called you together to ask that we sit on this subject until all the treaties have been examined and the objections thrashed out.”
He drew a breath and looked straight at Cato. “A word of warning. If this House refuses to deal with the ratification of the East, I will see that the Plebs does so immediately. Nor will I, a patrician, interfere or offer any guidance to the Plebs! This is your only chance, Conscript Fathers. Either do the job now or watch the Plebs reduce it to a shambles. I don’t care either way, for one of these two ways will be implemented!”
“No!” shouted Lucullus from among the consulars. “No, no, no! “What about my arrangements in the East? Pompeius didn’t do the conquering, I did! All the vile Pompeius did was collect the glory! It was I who subjugated the East, and I had my own settlement ready to implement! I tell you plain, Gaius Caesar, that I will not allow this House to ratify any kind of treaty concluded in the name of Rome by an ancestorless bumpkin from Picenum! Lording it over us like a king! Prancing round Rome in fancy dress! No, no, no!”
The temper snapped. “Lucius Licinius Lucullus, come here!” Caesar roared. “Stand before this dais!”
They had never liked each other, though they ought: both great aristocrats, both committed to Sulla. And perhaps that had been the cause of it, jealousy on the part of Lucullus for the younger man, who was Sulla’s nephew by marriage. It was Lucullus who had first implied that Caesar was the catamite of old King Nicomedes, Lucullus who had broadcast it for toads like Bibulus to pick up.
In those days Lucullus had been a spare, trim, extremely capable and efficient governor and general, but time and a passion for ecstatic and soporific substances—not to mention wine and exotic foods—had wreaked a terrible havoc which showed in the paunchy slack body, the bloated face, the almost blind-looking grey eyes. The old Lucullus would never have responded to that bellowed command; this Lucullus tottered across the tessellated floor to stand looking up at Caesar, mouth agape.
“Lucius Licinius Lucullus,” said Caesar in a softer voice, though not a kinder, “I give you fair warning. Retract your words or I will have the Plebs do to you what the Plebs did to Servilius Caepio! I will have you arraigned on charges of failing in your commission from the Senate and People of Rome to subjugate the East and see an end of the two kings. I will have you arraigned, and I will see you sent into permanent exile on the meanest and most desolate dropping of land Our Sea possesses, without the wherewithal to so much as put a new tunic on your back! Is that clear? Do you understand? Don’t try me, Lucullus, because I mean what I say!”
The House was absolutely still. Neither Bibulus nor Cato moved. Somehow when Caesar looked like that it didn’t seem worth the risk. Though this Caesar pointed the way to what Caesar might become if he wasn’t stopped. More than an autocrat. A king. But a king needed armies. Therefore Caesar must never be given the opportunity to have armies. Neither Bibulus nor Cato was quite old enough to have participated in political life under Sulla, though Bibulus remembered him; it was easy these days to see him in Caesar, or what they believed he had been. Pompey was a nothing, he didn’t have the blood. Ye gods, but Caesar did!
Lucullus crumpled to the ground and wept, dribbling and drooling, begging forgiveness as a vassal might have begged King Mithridates or King Tigranes, while the Senate of Rome looked on the drama, appalled. It wasn’t appropriate; it was a humiliation for every senator present.
“Lictors, take him home,” said Caesar.
Still no one spoke; two of the senior consul’s lictors took Lucullus gently by the arms, lifted him to his feet, and assisted him, weeping and moaning, from the chamber.
“Very well,” said Caesar then, “what is it to be? Does this body wish to ratify the eastern settlement, or do I take it to the Plebs as leges Vatiniae?”
“Take it to the Plebs!” cried Bibulus.
“Take it to the Plebs!” howled Cato.
When Caesar called for a division, hardly anyone passed to the right; the Senate had decided that any alternative was preferable to giving Caesar his way. Let it go to the Plebs, where it would be shown up for what it was: one piece of arrogance authored by Pompey and another piece of arrogance to be laid at Caesar’s door. No one liked being ruled, and Caesar’s attitude that day smacked of sovereignty. Better to die than live under another dictator.
“They didn’t like that, and Pompeius is extremely unhappy,” said Crassus after what turned out to be a very short meeting.
“What choice do they give me, Marcus? What ought I to do? Nothing?” Caesar demanded, exasperated.
“Actually, yes,” said the good friend, in no expectation that his words would be heeded. “They know you love to work, they know you love to get things done. Your year is going to degenerate into a duel of wills. They hate being pushed. They hate being told they’re a lot of dithering old women. They hate any kind of strength that smacks of excessive authority. It’s not your fault you’re a born autocrat, Gaius, but what’s gradually happening is similar to two rams in a field butting head to head. The boni are your natural enemies. But somehow you’re turning the entire House into enemies. I was watching the faces while Lucullus groveled at your feet. He didn’t mean to set an example, he’s too far gone to be so cunning, but an example he was nevertheless. They were all seeing themselves down there begging your forgiveness, while you stood like a monarch.”
“That’s absolute rubbish!”
“To you, yes. To them, no. If you want my advice, Caesar, then do nothing for the rest of the year. Drop the ratification of the East, and drop the land bill. Sit back and smile, agree with them and lick their arses. Then they might forgive you.”
“I would rather,” said Caesar, teeth clenched, “join Lucullus on that dropping in Our Sea than lick their arses!”
Crassus sighed. “That’s what I thought you’d say. In which case, Caesar, be it on your own head.”
“Do you mean to desert me?”
“No, I’m too good a businessman for that. You mean profits for the business world, which is why you’ll get whatever you want from the Assemblies. But you’d better keep an eye on Pompeius, he’s more insecure than I am. He wants so badly to belong.”
*
Thus it was that
Publius Vatinius took the ratification of the East to the Plebeian Assembly in a series of laws emerging from an initial general one which consented to Pompey’s settlement. The trouble was that the Plebs found this endless legislation very boring after the excitement wore off, and forced Vatinius to be quick. Nor, lacking direction from Caesar (as good as his word—he refused to offer any kind of guidance to Vatinius), did the son of a new Roman citizen from Alba Fucentia understand anything about setting tributes or defining the boundaries of kingdoms. So the Plebs blundered through act after act, consistently setting the tributes too low and defining the boundaries too cloudily. And for their part the boni allowed it all to happen by failing to veto one single aspect of Vatinius’s month-long activity. What they wanted was to complain loud and long after it was finished, and use it as an example of what happened when senatorial prerogatives were usurped by the legislating bodies.
But “Don’t come crying to me!” was what Caesar said. “You had your chance, you refused to take it. Complain to the Plebs. Or better still, having resigned from your proper duties, teach the Plebs how to frame treaties and set tributes. It seems they’ll be doing it from now on. The precedent has been set.”
All of which paled before the prospect of the vote in the Popular Assembly about Caesar’s land bill. Sufficient time and contiones having elapsed, Caesar convoked the voting meeting of the Popular Assembly on the eighteenth day of February, despite the fact that this meant Bibulus held the fasces.
By now Pompey’s hand-picked veterans had all arrived to vote, giving the lex Mia agraria the support it would need to pass. So great was the crowd which assembled that Caesar made no attempt to hold the vote in the Well of the Comitia; he set himself up on the platform attached to the temple of Castor and Pollux, and wasted no time on the preliminaries. With Pompey acting as augur and himself conducting the prayers, he called for the casting of lots to see the order in which the tribes would vote not long after the sun had risen above the Esquiline.
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