22:34 at random. The Syrian bowman shot at an Israelite soldier, not knowing that it was the disguised Ahab. The arrow found a small groove between the breastplate and the flexible scale armor that covered the lower abdomen and thighs. Instantly, Ahab slumped in his chariot, mortally wounded in the stomach and bleeding to death.
22:38 while the harlots bathed. The Heb. text may read “where” or “while.” In either case, the point is the same: Ahab, the spiritual harlot (i.e., idolater), was associated with the physical harlots at his death. according to the word of the LORD. Ahab’s death fulfilled the prophecies spoken by Elijah (21:19) and Micaiah (v. 17).
22:39 the ivory house. Ahab’s palace at Samaria had internal walled panels that were made of inlaid ivory, indicative of his kingdom’s economic prosperity. cities that he built. Archeological excavations show that Ahab strengthened the fortifications of Samaria, Megiddo, and Hazor.
22:41 fourth year. A reference to the beginning of Jehoshaphat’s reign, after being co-regent with his father Asa, in 870 B.C.
22:42 twenty-five years. 873–848 B.C.
22:43 doing what was right. Jehoshaphat faithfully followed in his father Asa’s footsteps, doing what pleased the Lord. His only major fault, like that of his father, was his failure to close down the high places.
22:44 made peace. In 2 Chr. 19:2, Jehu the prophet rebuked Jehoshaphat for this alliance.
22:45 made war. See 2 Kin. 3:7–27; 2 Chr. 17:11; 20:1–30.
22:47–49 Jehoshaphat controlled Edom, which gave him access to Ezion Geber. He sought to emulate Solomon’s fleet and wealth (9:26–28), but was unsuccessful. According to 2 Chr. 20:36, 37, the Lord destroyed his fleet because of Jehoshaphat’s alliance to build it with Ahaziah, king of Israel. First Kings 22:49 apparently refers to a subsequent attempt by Ahaziah to continue the joint venture after the disaster.
22:51-2 Kin. 1:18 Ahaziah…two years. 853–852 B.C.
22:53 he served Baal. Ahaziah continued the official promotion of Baal worship (cf. 16:31, 32). First Kings ends at this point in the middle of Ahaziah’s reign which is picked up in 2 Kin. 1:1–18. The explanation for this unusual break is found in Introduction: Title.
1 Kings 1
1:1 a 1 Chr. 23:1
1:1 1 Seventy years
1:2 2 Or serve
1:3 b 1 Kin. 2:17
1:3 c Josh. 19:18; 1 Sam. 28:4
1:5 d 2 Sam. 3:4
1:5 e 2 Sam. 15:1
1:5 3 The fourth son
1:5 4 Lit. reign
1:6 f 2 Sam. 3:3, 4; 1 Chr. 3:2
1:6 5 Lit. pained
1:7 g 1 Chr. 11:6
1:7 h 2 Sam. 20:25
1:7 i 1 Kin. 2:22, 28
1:8 j 1 Kin. 2:35
1:8 k 1 Kin. 2:25; 2 Sam. 8:18
1:8 l 2 Sam. 12:1
1:8 m 1 Kin. 4:18
1:8 n 2 Sam. 23:8
1:9 o Josh. 15:7; 18:16; 2 Sam. 17:17
1:9 6 Lit. Serpent
1:9 7 A spring south of Jerusalem in the Kidron Valley
1:10 p 2 Sam. 12:24
1:11 q 2 Sam. 3:4
1:13 r 1 Kin. 1:30; 1 Chr. 22:9–13
1:17 s 1 Kin. 1:13, 30
1:19 t 1 Kin. 1:7–9, 25
1:21 u Deut. 31:16; 2 Sam. 7:12; 1 Kin. 2:10
1:25 v 1 Kin. 1:9, 19
1:25 w 1 Sam. 10:24
1:25 8 Lit. Let King Adonijah live
1:29 x 2 Sam. 4:9; 12:5
1:30 y 1 Kin. 1:13, 17
1:31 z Neh. 2:3; Dan. 2:4; 3:9
1:33 a 2 Sam. 20:6
1:33 b Esth. 6:8
1:33 c 2 Chr. 32:30; 33:14
1:33 9 A spring east of Jerusalem in the Kidron Valley
1:34 d 1 Sam. 10:1; 16:3, 12; 2 Sam. 2:4; 5:3; 1 Kin. 19:16; 2 Kin. 9:3; 11:12; 1 Chr. 29:22
1:34 e 2 Sam. 15:10; 2 Kin. 9:13; 11:14
1:34 10 Lit. Let King Solomon live
1:36 f Jer. 28:6
1:37 g Josh. 1:5, 17; 1 Sam. 20:13
1:37 h 1 Kin. 1:47
1:38 i 2 Sam. 8:18; 23:20–23
1:38 j 2 Sam. 20:7; 1 Chr. 18:17
1:39 k Ex. 30:23, 25, 32; Ps. 89:20
1:39 l 1 Chr. 29:22
1:39 m 1 Sam. 10:24
1:39 11 Lit. Let King Solomon live
1:42 n 2 Sam. 17:17, 20
1:42 o 2 Sam. 18:27
1:46 p 1 Kin. 2:12; 1 Chr. 29:23
1:47 q 1 Kin. 1:37
1:47 r Gen. 47:31
1:48 s 1 Kin. 3:6; (Ps. 132:11, 12)
1:48 t 2 Sam. 7:12
1:50 u Ex. 27:2; 30:10; 1 Kin. 2:28
1:52 v 1 Sam. 14:45; 2 Sam. 14:11; Acts 27:34
1 Kings 2
2:1 a Gen. 47:29; Deut. 31:14
2:1 1 commanded
2:2 b Josh. 23:14
2:2 c Deut. 31:7, 23; 1 Chr. 22:13
2:3 d (Deut. 29:9; Josh. 1:7); 1 Chr. 22:12, 13
2:4 e 2 Sam. 7:25
2:4 f (Ps. 132:12)
2:4 g 2 Kin. 20:3
2:4 h 2 Sam. 7:12, 13; 1 Kin. 8:25
2:5 i 2 Sam. 3:39; 18:5, 12, 14
2:5 j 2 Sam. 3:27; 1 Kin. 2:32
2:5 k 2 Sam. 20:10
2:6 l 1 Kin. 2:9; Prov. 20:26
2:7 m 2 Sam. 19:31–39
2:7 n 2 Sam. 9:7, 10; 19:28
2:7 o 2 Sam. 17:17–29
2:8 p 2 Sam. 16:5–13
2:8 q 2 Sam. 19:18
2:8 r 2 Sam. 19:23
2:9 s Ex. 20:7; Job 9:28
2:9 t Gen. 42:38; 44:31
2:10 u 1 Kin. 1:21; Acts 2:29; 13:36
2:10 v 2 Sam. 5:7; 1 Kin. 3:1
2:10 2 Died and joined his ancestors
2:11 w 2 Sam. 5:4, 5; 1 Chr. 3:4; 29:26, 27
2:12 x 1 Kin. 1:46; 1 Chr. 29:23
2:12 y 1 Kin. 2:46; 2 Chr. 1:1
2:13 z 1 Sam. 16:4, 5
2:15 a 1 Kin. 1:11, 18
2:15 b 1 Chr. 22:9, 10; 28:5–7; (Dan. 2:21)
2:16 3 Lit. turn away the face
2:17 c 1 Kin. 1:3, 4
2:19 d (Ex. 20:12)
2:19 e Ps. 45:9
2:20 4 Lit. turn away the face
2:22 f 1 Kin. 1:6; 2:15; 1 Chr. 3:2, 5
2:22 g 1 Kin. 1:7
2:23 h Ruth 1:17
2:24 i 2 Sam. 7:11, 13; 1 Chr. 22:10
2:24 5 Royal dynasty
2:25 j 2 Sam. 8:18; 1 Kin. 4:4
2:26 k Josh. 21:18; Jer. 1:1
2:26 l 1 Sam. 22:23; 23:6; 2 Sam. 15:14, 29
2:26 6 Lit. you are a man of death
2:27 m 1 Sam. 2:31–35
2:28 n 1 Kin. 1:7
2:28 o 1 Kin. 1:50
2:29 p 1 Kin. 2:5, 6
2:30 q (Ex. 21:14)
2:31 r (Ex. 21:14)
2:31 s (Num. 35:33; Deut. 19:13; 21:8, 9)
2:32 t (Gen. 9:6); Judg. 9:24, 57
2:32 u 2 Chr. 21:13, 14
2:32 v 2 Sam. 3:27
2:32 w 2 Sam. 20:9, 10
2:32 7 Or bloodshed
2:33 x 2 Sam. 3:29
2:33 y (Prov. 25:5)
2:35 z 1 Sam. 2:35; 1 Kin. 4:4; 1 Chr. 6:53; 24:3; 29:22
2:35 a 1 Kin. 2:27
2:36 b 2 Sam. 16:5–13; 1 Kin. 2:8
2:37 c 2 Sam. 15:23; 2 Kin. 23:6; John 18:1
2:37 d Lev. 20:9; Josh. 2:19; 2 Sam. 1:16; Ezek. 18:13
2:37 8 Or bloodshed
2:39 e 1 Sam. 27:2
2:44 f 2 Sam. 16:5–13
2:44 g 1 Sam. 25:39; 2 Kin. 11:1, 12–16; Ps. 7:16; Ezek. 17:19
2:45 h 2 Sam. 7:13; (Prov. 25:5)
2:46 i 1 Kin. 2:12; 2 Chr. 1:1
1 Kings 3
3:1 a 1 Kin. 7:8; 9:24
3:1 b 2 Sam. 5:7
3:1 c 1 Kin. 7:1
3:1 d 1 Kin. 6
3:1 e 1 Kin. 9:15, 19
3:1 1 an alliance
3:2 f (Deut. 12:2–5, 13, 14); 1 Kin. 11:7; 22:43
3:3 g (Rom. 8:28)
3:3 h (1 Kin. 3:6, 14)
3:4 i 1 Kin. 9:2; 2 Chr. 1:3
3:4 j 1 Chr. 16:39; 21:29
3:5 k 1 Kin. 9:2; 11:9; 2 Chr. 1:7
3:5 l Num. 12:6; Matt. 1:20; 2:13
3:6 m 2 Chr. 1:8
3:6 n 1 Kin. 2:4; 9:4; 2 Kin. 20:3
3:6 o 2 Sam. 7:8–17; 1 Kin. 1:48
3:7 p 1 Chr. 22:5; Jer. 1:6, 7
3:7 q Num. 27:17; 2 Sam. 5:2
3:8 r (Ex. 19:6; Deut. 7:6)
3:8 s Gen. 13:6; 15:5; 22:17
3:9 t 2 Chr. 1:10; (James 1:5)
3:9 u Ps. 72:1, 2
3:9 v 2 Sam. 14:17; Is. 7:15; (Heb. 5:14)
3:9 2 Lit. hearing
3:11 w (James 4:3)
3:12 x (1 John 5:14, 15)
3:12 y 1 Kin. 4:29–31; 5:12; 10:24; Eccl. 1:16
3:13 z (Matt. 6:33; Eph. 3:20)
3:13 a 1 Kin. 4:21, 24; 10:23; 1 Chr. 29:12
3:14 b (1 Kin. 6:12)
3:14 c 1 Kin. 15:5
3:14 d Ps. 91:16; Prov. 3:2
3:14 3 prolong
3:15 e Gen. 41:7
3:15 f Gen. 40:20; 1 Kin. 8:65; Esth. 1:3; Dan. 5:1; Mark 6:21
3:16 g Num. 27:2
3:18 4 Lit. no stranger
3:26 h Gen. 43:30; Is. 49:15; Jer. 31:20; Hos. 11:8
3:28 i 1 Kin. 3:9, 11, 12; 2 Chr. 1:12; Dan. 1:17; (Col. 2:2, 3)
1 Kings 4
4:3 a 2 Sam. 8:16; 20:24
4:3 1 secretaries
4:4 b 1 Kin. 2:35
4:4 c 1 Kin. 2:27
4:5 d 1 Kin. 4:7
4:5 e 2 Sam. 8:18; 20:26
4:5 f 2 Sam. 15:37; 16:16; 1 Chr. 27:33
4:6 g 1 Kin. 5:14
4:8 2 Lit. Son of Hur
4:9 3 Lit. Son of Deker
4:10 4 Lit. Son of Hesed
4:11 5 Lit. Son of Abinadab
4:13 h Num. 32:41; 1 Chr. 2:22
4:13 i Deut. 3:4
4:13 6 Lit. Son of Geber
4:15 j 2 Sam. 15:27
4:16 k 2 Sam. 15:32; 1 Chr. 27:33
4:18 l 1 Kin. 1:8
4:19 m Deut. 3:8–10
4:20 n Gen. 22:17; 32:12; 1 Kin. 3:8; (Prov. 14:28)
4:20 o Ps. 72:3, 7; Mic. 4:4
4:21 p Ex. 34:24; 2 Chr. 9:26; Ps. 72:8
4:21 q Gen. 15:18; Josh. 1:4
4:21 r Ps. 68:29
4:21 7 The Euphrates
4:22 s Neh. 5:18
4:22 8 Lit. bread
4:22 9 Each about 5 bushels
4:24 t Ps. 72:11
4:24 u 1 Kin. 5:4; 1 Chr. 22:9
4:24 10 The Euphrates
4:25 v (Jer. 23:6)
4:25 w (Mic. 4:4; Zech. 3:10)
4:25 x Judg. 20:1
4:25 11 lived in safety
4:26 y 1 Kin. 10:26; 2 Chr. 1:14
4:26 z (Deut. 17:16)
4:26 12 So with MT, most other authorities; some LXX mss. four thousand; cf. 2 Chr. 9:25
4:27 a 1 Kin. 4:7
4:29 b 1 Kin. 3:12
4:30 c Gen. 25:6
4:30 d Is. 19:11, 12; Acts 7:22
4:31 e 1 Kin. 3:12
4:31 f 1 Chr. 15:19; Ps. 89:title
4:31 g 1 Chr. 2:6; Ps. 88:title
4:32 h Prov. 1:1; 10:1; 25:1; Eccl. 12:9
4:32 i Song 1:1
4:34 j 1 Kin. 10:1; 2 Chr. 9:1, 23
1 Kings 5
5:1 a 1 Kin. 5:10, 18; 2 Chr. 2:3
5:1 b 2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Chr. 14:1
5:2 c 2 Chr. 2:3
5:3 d 1 Chr. 28:2, 3
5:3 e 1 Chr. 22:8; 28:3
5:3 1 Lit. them
5:4 f 1 Kin. 4:24; 1 Chr. 22:9
5:4 2 peace
5:4 3 misfortune
5:5 g 2 Chr. 2:4
5:5 h 2 Sam. 7:12, 13; 1 Kin. 6:38; 1 Chr. 17:12; 22:10; 28:6; 2 Chr. 6:2
5:5 4 Lit. I am saying
5:6 i 2 Chr. 2:8, 10
5:9 j Ezra 3:7
5:9 k Ezek. 27:17; Acts 12:20
5:11 l 2 Chr. 2:10
5:11 5 Each about 5 bushels
5:11 6 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; LXX, Syr. twenty thousand kors
5:12 m 1 Kin. 3:12
5:14 n 1 Kin. 12:18
5:15 o 1 Kin. 9:20–22; 2 Chr. 2:17, 18
5:16 p 1 Kin. 9:23
5:16 7 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; LXX six hundred
5:17 q 1 Kin. 6:7; 1 Chr. 22:2
5:17 8 Lit. house
5:18 9 Lit. house
1 Kings 6
6:1 a 2 Chr. 3:1, 2
6:1 b Acts 7:47
6:1 1 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; LXX fortieth
6:1 2 Or Ayyar, April or May
6:2 c Ezek. 41:1
6:3 3 Heb. heykal; here the main room of the temple; elsewhere called the holy place, Ex. 26:33; Ezek. 41:1
6:3 4 About 30 feet
6:3 5 Lit. it
6:3 6 About 15 feet
6:4 d Ezek. 40:16; 41:16
6:5 e Ezek. 41:6
6:5 f 1 Kin. 6:16, 19–21, 31
6:5 7 Lit. house
6:5 8 Heb. debir; here the inner room of the temple; elsewhere called the Most Holy Place, v. 16
6:6 9 Lit. house
6:7 g Ex. 20:25; Deut. 27:5, 6
6:8 10 So with MT, Vg.; LXX upper story; Tg. ground story
6:9 h 1 Kin. 6:14, 38
6:9 11 Lit. house
6:12 i 1 Kin. 2:4; 9:4
6:12 j (2 Sam. 7:13; 1 Chr. 22:10)
6:12 12 Lit. house
6:12 13 promise
6:13 k Ex. 25:8; Lev. 26:11; (2 Cor. 6:16; Rev. 21:3)
6:13 l (Deut. 31:6)
6:16 m Ex. 26:33; Lev. 16:2; 1 Kin. 8:6; 2 Chr. 3:8; Ezek. 45:3; Heb. 9:3
6:19 14 The Most Holy Place
6:22 n Ex. 30:1, 3, 6
6:23 o Ex. 37:7–9; 2 Chr. 3:10–12
6:27 p Ex. 25:20; 37:9; 1 Kin. 8:7; 2 Chr. 5:8
6:27 15 Lit. house
6:29 q Ex. 36:8, 35
6:31 16 Or five-sided
6:33 17 temple
6:33 18 Or four-sided
6:34 r Ezek. 41:23–25
6:36 s 1 Kin. 7:12; Jer. 36:10
6:37 t 1 Kin. 6:1
6:37 19 Or Ayyar, April or May
6:38 u 2 Sam. 7:13; 1 Kin. 5:5; 6:1; 8:19
6:38 20 Or Heshvan, October or November
1 Kings 7
7:1 a 1 Kin. 3:1; 9:10; 2 Chr. 8:1
7:2 b 1 Kin. 10:17, 21; 2 Chr. 9:16
7:2 1 About 150 feet
7:2 2 About 75 feet
7:7 3 Lit. floor of the upper level
7:8 c 1 Kin. 3:1; 9:24; 11:1; 2 Chr. 8:11
7:12 d 1 Kin. 6:36
7:12 e John 10:23; Acts 3:11
7:13 4 Heb. Hiram; cf. 2 Chr. 2:13, 14
7:14 f 2 Chr. 2:14
7:14 g 2 Chr. 4:16
7:14 h Ex. 31:3; 36:1
7:15 i 2 Kin. 25:17; 2 Chr. 3:15; 4:12; Jer. 52:21
7:15 5 fashioned
7:20 j 2 Chr. 3:16; 4:13; Jer. 52:23
7:21 k 2 Chr. 3:17
7:21 6 Lit. He Shall Establish
7:21 7 Lit. In It Is Strength
7:23 l 2 Kin. 25:13; 2 Chr. 4:2; Jer. 52:17
7:24 m 2 Chr. 4:3
7:25 n 2 Chr. 4:4, 5; Jer. 52:20
7:26 8 About 12,000 gallons; three thousand, 2 Chr. 4:5
7:27 9 Or stands
7:37 10 one
7:38 o Ex. 30:18; 2 Chr. 4:6
7:38 11 About 240 gallons
7:40 p 2 Chr. 4:11—5:1
7:40 12 Heb. Hiram; cf. 2 Chr. 2:13, 14
7:41 q 1 Kin. 7:17, 18
7:42 r 1 Kin. 7:20
7:45 s Ex. 27:3; 2 Chr. 4:16
7:45 13 Heb. Hiram; cf. 2 Chr. 2:13, 14
7:46 t 2 Chr. 4:17
7:46 u Gen. 33:17; Josh. 13:27
7:46 v Josh. 3:16
7:47 w 1 Chr. 22:3, 14
7:48 x Ex. 37:25, 26; 2 Chr. 4:8
7:48 y Ex. 37:10, 11
7:48 z Lev. 24:5–8
7:50 14 firepans
7:51 a 2 Sam. 8:11; 1 Chr. 18:11; 2 Chr. 5:1
1 Kings 8
8:1 a Num. 1:4; 7:2; 2 Chr. 5:2–14
8:1 b 2
Sam. 6:12–17; 1 Chr. 15:25–29
8:1 c 2 Sam. 5:7; 6:12, 16
8:2 d Lev. 23:34; 1 Kin. 8:65; 2 Chr. 7:8–10
8:2 1 Or Tishri, September or October
8:3 e Num. 4:15; 7:9; Deut. 31:9; Josh. 3:3, 6
8:4 f 1 Kin. 3:4; 2 Chr. 1:3
8:4 2 tent
8:5 g 2 Sam. 6:13; 2 Chr. 1:6
8:6 h 2 Sam. 6:17
8:6 i Ex. 26:33, 34; 1 Kin. 6:19
8:6 j 1 Kin. 6:27
8:8 k Ex. 25:13–15; 37:4, 5
8:8 3 heads
8:9 l Ex. 25:21; Deut. 10:2
8:9 m Ex. 25:16; Deut. 10:5; Heb. 9:4
8:9 n Ex. 24:7, 8; 40:20; Deut. 4:13
8:9 o Ex. 34:27, 28
8:10 p Ex. 40:34, 35; 2 Chr. 7:1, 2
8:11 q 2 Chr. 7:1, 2
8:12 r 2 Chr. 6:1
8:12 s Lev. 16:2; Ps. 18:11; 97:2
8:13 t 2 Sam. 7:13
8:13 u (Ex. 15:17); Ps. 132:14
8:14 v 2 Sam. 6:18; 1 Kin. 8:55
8:15 w 1 Chr. 29:10, 20; Neh. 9:5; Luke 1:68
8:15 x 2 Sam. 7:2, 12, 13, 25; 1 Chr. 22:10
8:16 y Deut. 12:5; 1 Kin. 8:29
8:16 z 1 Sam. 16:1; 2 Sam. 7:8; 1 Chr. 28:4
8:17 a 2 Sam. 7:2, 3; 1 Chr. 17:1, 2
8:17 4 Lit. house, and so in vv. 18–20
8:18 b 2 Chr. 6:8, 9
8:19 c 2 Sam. 7:5, 12, 13; 1 Kin. 5:3, 5; 6:38; 1 Chr. 17:11, 12; 22:8–10; 2 Chr. 6:2
8:20 d 1 Chr. 28:5, 6
8:20 5 risen in the place of
8:21 e Deut. 31:26; 1 Kin. 8:9
8:22 f 1 Kin. 8:54; 2 Chr. 6:12
8:22 g Ex. 9:33; Ezra 9:5
8:23 h Ex. 15:11; 2 Sam. 7:22
8:23 i (Deut. 7:9; Neh. 1:5; Dan. 9:4)
8:23 j (Gen. 17:1; 1 Kin. 3:6); 2 Kin. 20:3
8:25 k 2 Sam. 7:12, 16; 1 Kin. 2:4; 9:5
8:26 l 2 Sam. 7:25
8:27 m (2 Chr. 2:6; Is. 66:1; Acts 7:49; 17:24)
8:27 n 2 Cor. 12:2
8:29 o Deut. 12:11
8:29 p 1 Kin. 9:3; 2 Chr. 7:15
8:29 q Dan. 6:10
8:29 6 Lit. house
8:30 r Neh. 1:6
8:31 s Ex. 22:8–11
8:32 t Deut. 25:1
8:33 u Lev. 26:17; Deut. 28:25
8:33 v Lev. 26:39, 40
8:34 w (Lev. 26:40–42; Deut. 30:1–3)
8:35 x Lev. 26:19; Deut. 28:23
8:36 y Ps. 25:4; 27:11; 94:12
8:36 z 1 Sam. 12:23
8:37 a Lev. 26:16, 25, 26; Deut. 28:21, 22, 27, 38, 42, 52
8:37 7 Lit. gates
8:39 b (1 Sam. 16:7; 1 Chr. 28:9; Jer. 17:10); Acts 1:24
8:40 c (Ps. 130:4)
8:42 d Ex. 13:3; Deut. 3:24
8:43 e (Ex. 9:16; 1 Sam. 17:46; 2 Kin. 19:19)
8:43 f Ps. 102:15
8:45 8 justice
8:46 g 2 Chr. 6:36; Ps. 130:3; Prov. 20:9; Eccl. 7:20; (Rom. 3:23; 1 John 1:8, 10)
8:46 h Lev. 26:34, 44; Deut. 28:36, 64; 2 Kin. 17:6, 18; 25:21
8:47 i (Lev. 26:40–42); Neh. 9:2
8:47 j Ezra 9:6, 7; Neh. 1:6; Ps. 106:6; Dan. 9:5
The MacArthur Study Bible, NKJV Page 179