14:16 Feast of Tabernacles. The historical background can be found in Lev. 23:33–36; Num. 29:12–38; Deut. 16:13–17. In addition to the Feast of Tabernacles, two other feasts will be celebrated in the Millennium, i.e., 1) Feast of the New Year (Ezek. 45:18–20) and 2) Passover (Ezek. 45:21–25). These feasts are no more efficacious than were the feasts of the Mosaic era or the Lord’s Supper in the church age. They all provided a symbolic anticipation or remembrance of Christ’s unique and once-for-all sacrifice at Calvary.
14:17 no rain. Drought is a dreaded punishment (cf. 1 Kin. 17:1–7; 2 Chr. 7:13, 14; James 5:17, 18) since it deprives the people of life-sustaining water.
14:20, 21 Just as the High-Priest, whose turban was engraved with the phrase “HOLINESS TO THE LORD,” was set apart for the service of the LORD (cf. Zech. 3:5; also Ex. 28:36; 39:30), so even mundane and ordinary things like the bells that decorate horses and common pots and pans will be as holy as the High-Priest and the altar bowls used in sacrifices. There will be no need for distinctions between holy and secular. Everything will be set apart to the service of the LORD in the Messiah’s glorious kingdom.
14:21 Canaanite. This identification is used as a figure for the morally and spiritually unclean persons who will be excluded from entering the millennial temple. Before Israel conquered the Promised Land, the vile Canaanites inhabited it; thus the term became proverbial in Israel for a morally degenerate, ceremonially unclean person.
Zechariah 1
1:1 a Ezra 4:24; 6:15; Hag. 1:1; Zech. 7:1
1:1 b Ezra 5:1; 6:14; Zech. 7:1; Matt. 23:35; Luke 11:51
1:1 c Neh. 12:4, 16
1:3 d Is. 31:6; 44:22; (Mic. 7:19; Mal. 3:7–10; Luke 15:20; James 4:8)
1:4 e 2 Chr. 36:15, 16
1:4 f Is. 31:6; Jer. 3:12; 18:11; Ezek. 18:30; (Hos. 14:1)
1:6 g (Is. 55:11)
1:6 h Lam. 1:18; 2:17
1:8 i Is. 55:13; Zech. 6:2; (Rev. 6:4)
1:8 j (Zech. 6:2–7; Rev. 6:2)
1:9 k Zech. 4:4, 5, 13; 6:4
1:10 l (Heb. 1:14)
1:11 m (Ps. 103:20, 21)
1:11 1 Lit. sitting and quiet
1:12 n Ps. 74:10; Jer. 12:4; Hab. 1:2
1:12 o 2 Chr. 36:21; Jer. 25:11, 12; 29:10; Dan. 9:2; Zech. 7:5
1:13 p Jer. 29:10
1:14 q Joel 2:18; Zech. 8:2
1:14 2 Lit. Cry out
1:14 3 Or jealous
1:14 4 Or jealousy
1:15 r Is. 47:6
1:16 s (Is. 12:1; 54:8; Zech. 2:10; 8:3)
1:16 t Ezra 6:14, 15; Hag. 1:4; Zech. 4:9
1:16 u 2 Chr. 36:23; Ezra 1:2, 3; Is. 44:28
1:16 v Zech. 2:1–3
1:17 w (Is. 40:1, 2; 51:3)
1:17 x Is. 14:1; Zech. 2:12
1:17 5 Or overflow with good
1:18 y (Lam. 2:17)
1:19 z Ezra 4:1, 4, 7
1:19 6 Kingdoms or powers
1:21 a (Ps. 75:10)
1:21 b Ps. 75:4, 5
1:21 7 Lit. these
Zechariah 2
2:1 a Jer. 31:39; Ezek. 40:3; 47:3; Zech. 1:16
2:2 b Rev. 11:1
2:4 c Jer. 31:27
2:5 d (Is. 26:1)
2:5 e (Is. 60:19)
2:6 f Is. 48:20
2:6 g Deut. 28:64
2:7 h Is. 48:20; Jer. 51:6; (Rev. 18:4)
2:8 i Deut. 32:10; Ps. 17:8
2:8 1 Lit. pupil
2:9 j Is. 19:16
2:9 k Zech. 4:9
2:9 2 booty or plunder
2:10 l Is. 12:6
2:10 m (Lev. 26:12)
2:11 n (Is. 2:2, 3)
2:11 o Zech. 3:10
2:11 p Ex. 12:49
2:11 q Ezek. 33:33
2:12 r (Deut. 32:9); Ps. 33:12; Jer. 10:16
2:13 s Hab. 2:20; Zeph. 1:7
2:13 t Ps. 68:5
Zechariah 3
3:1 a Ezra 5:2; Hag. 1:1; Zech. 6:11
3:1 b 1 Chr. 21:1; Job 1:6; Ps. 109:6; (Rev. 12:9, 10)
3:1 1 Lit. the Adversary
3:2 c Mark 9:25; (Jude 9)
3:2 d (Rom. 8:33)
3:2 e Amos 4:11; Jude 23
3:3 f Ezra 9:15; Is. 64:6
3:4 g Gen. 3:21; Is. 61:10
3:5 h Ex. 29:6
3:7 i Lev. 8:35; Ezek. 44:16
3:7 j Deut. 17:9, 12
3:7 k Zech. 3:4
3:8 l Ps. 71:7
3:8 m Is. 42:1
3:8 n Is. 11:1; 53:2; Jer. 23:5; 33:15; Zech. 6:12
3:8 2 Lit. men of a sign or wonder
3:9 o (Zech. 4:10; Rev. 5:6)
3:9 p Ps. 118:22
3:9 q Jer. 31:34; 50:20; Zech. 3:4
3:10 r Zech. 2:11
3:10 s 1 Kin. 4:25; Is. 36:16; Mic. 4:4
Zechariah 4
4:1 a Zech. 1:9; 2:3
4:1 b Dan. 8:18
4:2 c Rev. 1:12
4:2 d Ex. 25:37; (Rev. 4:5)
4:3 e Rev. 11:3, 4
4:6 f Hag. 1:1
4:6 g Is. 30:1; Hos. 1:7; Hag. 2:4, 5
4:7 h Ps. 114:4, 6; Is. 40:4; Jer. 51:25; Nah. 1:5; Zech. 14:4, 5; (Matt. 21:21)
4:7 i Ps. 118:22
4:7 j Ezra 3:10, 11, 13; Ps. 84:11
4:9 k Ezra 3:8–10; 5:16; Hag. 2:18
4:9 l Ezra 6:14, 15; Zech. 6:12, 13
4:9 m Zech. 2:9, 11; 6:15
4:9 n (Is. 43:16); Zech. 2:8
4:9 1 Lit. house
4:10 o Neh. 4:2–4; Amos 7:2, 5; Hag. 2:3
4:10 p 2 Chr. 16:9; Prov. 15:3; Zech. 3:9
4:10 2 Lit. plummet stone
4:11 q Zech. 4:3; Rev. 11:4
4:12 3 Lit. into the hands of
4:14 r Rev. 11:4
4:14 s Zech. 3:1–7
4:14 4 Lit. sons of fresh oil
Zechariah 5
5:1 a Jer. 36:2; Ezek. 2:9; Rev. 5:1
5:3 b Mal. 4:6
5:4 c Ex. 20:15; Lev. 19:11
5:4 d Ex. 20:7; Lev. 19:12; Is. 48:1; Jer. 5:2; Zech. 8:17; Mal. 3:5
5:4 e Lev. 14:34, 35; Job 18:15
5:6 1 Heb. ephah, a measuring container, and so elsewhere
5:8 2 Lit. stone
5:9 f Lev. 11:13, 19; Ps. 104:17; Jer. 8:7
5:10 g Zech. 5:5
5:11 h Jer. 29:5, 28
5:11 i Gen. 10:10; Is. 11:11; Dan. 1:2
5:11 3 Babylon
Zechariah 6
6:2 a Zech. 1:8; Rev. 6:4
6:2 b Rev. 6:5
6:4 c Zech. 5:10
6:5 d (Ps. 104:4; Heb. 1:7, 14)
6:5 e 1 Kin. 22:19; Dan. 7:10; Zech. 4:14; Luke 1:19
6:6 f Jer. 1:14; Ezek. 1:4
6:6 1 The chariot
6:7 g Gen. 13:17; Zech. 1:10
6:8 h Eccl. 10:4
6:11 i Ex. 29:6
6:11 j Ezra 3:2; Hag. 1:1; Zech. 3:1
6:11 2 Lit. crowns
6:12 k John 1:45
6:12 l Is. 4:2; 11:1; Jer. 23:5; 33:15; Zech. 3:8
6:12 m (Matt. 16:18; Eph. 2:20; Heb. 3:3)
6:12 3 Lit. sprout up
6:13 n Is. 22:24
6:13 o Ps. 110:4; (Heb. 3:1)
6:13 4 Both offices
6:14 p Ex. 12:14; Mark 14:9
6:14 5 Lit. crowns
6:14 6 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; Syr. for Heldai (cf. v. 10); LXX for the patient ones
6:15 q Is. 57:19; (Eph. 2:13)
Zechariah 7
7:2 1 Lit. they, cf. v. 5
7:2 2 Or Sar-Ezer
7:2 3 Heb. Bethel
7:2 4 Or to entreat the favor of
7:3 a Deut. 17:9; Mal. 2:7
7:3 b Zech. 8:19
7:3 5 Lit. consecrate myself
7:5 c (Is. 58:1–9)
7:5 d Jer. 41:1
7:5 e Zech. 1:12
7:5 f (Rom. 14:6)
7:6 g Deut. 12:7; 14:26; 1 Chr. 29:22
7:7 h Is. 1:16–20; Jer. 7:5, 23; Zech. 1:4
7:7 i Jer. 17:26
7:7 6 Heb. Negev
7:9 j Is. 58:6, 7; Jer. 7:28
7:9 7 Or lovingki
ndness
7:10 k Ex. 22:22; Ps. 72:4; Is. 1:17; Jer. 5:28
7:10 l Ps. 36:4; Ezek. 38:10; 45:9; Mic. 2:1; Zech. 8:16, 17
7:11 m Neh. 9:29
7:11 n Jer. 17:23; Acts 7:57
7:11 8 Lit. gave a stubborn or rebellious shoulder
7:11 9 Lit. made their ears heavy
7:12 o Ezek. 11:19
7:12 p Neh. 9:29, 30
7:12 q 2 Chr. 36:16; Dan. 9:11, 12
7:13 r Prov. 1:24–28; Is. 1:15; Jer. 11:11; Mic. 3:4
7:14 s Lev. 26:33; Deut. 4:27; 28:64; Neh. 1:8
Zechariah 8
8:2 a Joel 2:18; Nah. 1:2; Zech. 1:14
8:2 1 Or jealous
8:2 2 Or jealousy
8:2 3 Lit. heat or rage
8:3 b Zech. 1:16
8:3 c Zech. 2:10, 11
8:3 d Is. 1:21
8:3 e (Is. 2:2, 3)
8:3 f Jer. 31:23
8:4 g 1 Sam. 2:31; Is. 65:20
8:4 4 Lit. many days
8:5 h Jer. 30:19, 20
8:6 i (Gen. 18:14; Luke 1:37)
8:6 5 Or wonderful
8:7 j Ps. 107:3; Is. 11:11; Ezek. 37:21
8:7 6 Lit. rising sun
8:7 7 Lit. setting sun
8:8 k Zeph. 3:20; Zech. 10:10
8:8 l (Jer. 30:22; 31:1, 33; Zech. 13:9)
8:8 m Jer. 4:2
8:9 n 1 Chr. 22:13; Is. 35:4; Hag. 2:4
8:9 o Ezra 5:1, 2; 6:14; Zech. 4:9
8:9 p Hag. 2:18
8:10 q Hag. 1:6, 9
8:11 r (Ps. 103:9); Is. 12:1; Hag. 2:15–19
8:12 s Joel 2:22
8:12 t Ps. 67:6
8:12 u Hag. 1:10
8:12 8 Lit. seed of peace
8:13 v Jer. 42:18
8:13 w Gen. 12:2; Ruth 4:11, 12; Is. 19:24, 25; Ezek. 34:26; (Zeph. 3:20)
8:14 x Jer. 31:28
8:14 y (2 Chr. 36:16)
8:14 9 Lit. bring calamity to you
8:16 z Zech. 7:9, 10
8:16 a Ps. 15:2; (Prov. 12:17–19); Zech. 8:3; (Eph. 4:25)
8:17 b Prov. 3:29; Jer. 4:14; Zech. 7:10
8:17 10 Lit. his
8:19 c Jer. 52:6
8:19 d Jer. 52:12
8:19 e 2 Kin. 25:25; Jer. 41:1, 2
8:19 f Jer. 52:4
8:19 g Esth. 8:17
8:19 h Zech. 8:16; Luke 1:74, 75
8:21 i (Is. 2:2, 3; Mic. 4:1, 2)
8:22 j Is. 60:3; 66:23; (Zech. 14:16–21)
8:23 k Is. 3:6
8:23 l (Is. 45:14)
8:23 m 1 Cor. 14:25
8:23 11 Lit. wing, corner of a garment
Zechariah 9
9:1 a Is. 17:1; Jer. 23:33
9:1 b Amos 1:3–5
9:1 1 oracle, prophecy
9:2 c Jer. 49:23
9:2 d Is. 23; Jer. 25:22; 47:4; Ezek. 26; Amos 1:9, 10
9:2 e 1 Kin. 17:9
9:2 f Ezek. 28:3
9:4 g Is. 23:1
9:4 h Ezek. 26:17
9:5 i Zeph. 2:4, 5
9:6 j Amos 1:8; Zeph. 2:4
9:6 k Ezek. 25:15–17
9:6 2 Lit. An illegitimate one
9:8 l (Ps. 34:7)
9:9 m Zeph. 3:14, 15; Zech. 2:10
9:9 n (Ps. 110:1; Is. 9:6, 7; Jer. 23:5, 6); Matt. 21:5; Mark 11:7, 9; Luke 19:38; John 12:15
9:10 o Hos. 1:7; Mic. 5:10
9:10 p Ps. 46:9; Is. 2:4; Hos. 2:18; Mic. 4:3
9:10 q Ps. 72:8
9:11 r Is. 42:7
9:12 s Is. 49:9; Jer. 17:13; Heb. 6:18–20
9:12 t Is. 61:7
9:14 u Ps. 18:14; Hab. 3:11
9:14 v Is. 21:1
9:15 w Is. 37:35; Zech. 12:8
9:15 3 Sacrificial basins
9:16 x Jer. 31:10, 11
9:16 y Is. 62:3; Mal. 3:17
9:16 z Is. 11:12
9:16 4 Lit. stones
9:17 a (Ps. 31:19)
9:17 b (Ps. 45:1–16)
9:17 c Joel 3:18
9:17 5 Lit. His
Zechariah 10
10:1 a (Jer. 14:22)
10:1 b (Deut. 11:13, 14)
10:1 c (Joel 2:23)
10:1 1 Spring rain
10:1 2 Or lightning flashes
10:2 d Jer. 10:8
10:2 e Jer. 27:9; (Ezek. 13)
10:2 f Job 13:4
10:2 g Jer. 50:6, 17
10:2 h Ezek. 34:5–8; Matt. 9:36; Mark 6:34
10:2 3 Heb. teraphim
10:2 4 afflicted
10:3 i Jer. 25:34–36; Ezek. 34:2; Zech. 11:17
10:3 j Ezek. 34:17
10:3 k Luke 1:68
10:3 l Song 1:9
10:3 5 Leaders
10:4 m Is. 28:16
10:4 n Is. 22:23
10:4 6 Or despot
10:5 o Ps. 18:42
10:6 p Jer. 3:18; Ezek. 37:21
10:6 q Hos. 1:7; Zech. 1:16
10:6 r Zech. 13:9
10:7 s Ps. 104:15
10:8 t Is. 5:26
10:8 u Is. 49:19; Ezek. 36:37; Zech. 2:4
10:9 v Hos. 2:23
10:9 w Deut. 30:1
10:9 7 Or scatter
10:10 x Is. 11:11; Hos. 11:11
10:10 y Is. 49:19, 20
10:11 z Is. 11:15
10:11 a Is. 14:25; Zeph. 2:13
10:11 b Ezek. 30:13
10:11 8 The Nile
10:12 c Mic. 4:5
Zechariah 11
11:1 a Zech. 10:10
11:2 b Ezek. 31:3
11:2 c Is. 32:19
11:3 d Jer. 25:34–36
11:3 1 Or floodplain, thicket
11:5 e (Jer. 2:3); 50:7
11:5 f Deut. 29:19; Hos. 12:8; 1 Tim. 6:9
11:5 g Ezek. 34:2, 3
11:6 2 Lit. strike
11:7 h Jer. 39:10; Zeph. 3:12; Matt. 11:5
11:7 3 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; LXX for the Canaanites
11:7 4 Or Grace
11:7 5 Or Unity
11:8 i Hos. 5:7
11:8 6 Or destroyed, lit. cut off
11:9 j Jer. 15:2
11:10 7 Or Grace
11:11 k Zeph. 3:12; Matt. 27:50; Mark 15:37; Luke 23:46; Acts 8:32
11:11 8 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; LXX the Canaanites
11:12 l Gen. 37:28; Ex. 21:32; Matt. 26:15; 27:9, 10
11:12 9 good in your sight
11:13 m Matt. 27:3–10; Acts 1:18, 19
11:14 10 Or Unity
11:15 n Is. 56:11; Ezek. 34:2
11:16 o Ezek. 34:1–10; Mic. 3:1–3
11:17 p Jer. 23:1; Ezek. 34:2; Zech. 10:2; 11:15; John 10:12, 13
Zechariah 12
12:1 a Is. 42:5; 44:24
12:1 b Num. 16:22; (Eccl. 12:7; Is. 57:16); Heb. 12:9
12:1 1 oracle, prophecy
12:2 c Is. 51:17
12:2 2 Lit. reeling
12:3 d Zech. 12:4, 6, 8; 13:1
12:3 e Matt. 21:44
12:4 f Ps. 76:6; Ezek. 38:4
12:6 g Is. 10:17, 18; Obad. 18; Zech. 11:1
12:9 h Hag. 2:22
12:10 i Jer. 31:9; 50:4; Ezek. 39:29; (Joel 2:28, 29)
12:10 j John 19:34, 37; 20:27; (Rev. 1:7)
12:10 k Jer. 6:26; Amos 8:10
12:11 l (Matt. 24:30); Acts 2:37; (Rev. 1:7)
12:11 m 2 Kin. 23:29
12:11 3 Heb. Megiddon
12:12 n (Matt. 24:30; Rev. 1:7)
12:12 o Luke 3:31
Zechariah 13
13:1 a Acts 10:43; (Rev. 21:6, 7)
13:1 b Ps. 36:9; (Heb. 9:14; 1 John 1:7)
13:1 c Num. 19:17; Is. 4:4; Ezek. 36:25
13:2 d Ex. 23:13; Hos. 2:17
13:2 e Jer. 23:14, 15; 2 Pet. 2:1
13:3 f Deut. 18:20; (Ezek. 14:9)
13:3 g Deut. 13:6–11; (Matt. 10:37)
13:4 h Jer. 6:15; 8:9; (Mic. 3:6, 7)
13:4 i 2 Kin. 1:8; Is. 20:2; Matt. 3:4
13:5 j Amos 7:14
13:6 1 Or hands
13:7 k Is. 40:11; Ezek. 34:23, 24; 37:24; Mic. 5:2, 4
13:7 l (John 10:30)
13:7 m Matt. 26:31, 56, 67; Mark 14:27; 1 Pet. 5:4; Rev. 7:16, 17
13:7 n Luke 12:32
13:8 o Is. 6:13; Ezek. 5:2, 4, 12
13:8 p (Rom. 11:5)
13:9 q Is. 48:10; Ezek. 20:38; Mal. 3:3
13:9 r 1 Pet. 1:6, 7
13:9 s Ps. 50:15; Zeph. 3:9; (Zech. 12:10)
13:9 t Jer. 30:22; Hos. 2:23
Zechariah 14
14:1 a (Is. 13:6, 9; Joel 2:1; Mal. 4:1)
14:1 1 plunder or booty
14:2 b Joel 3:2; Zech. 12:2, 3
14:2 2 Or plundered
14:4 c Ezek. 11:23; Acts 1:9–12
14:4 d Joel 3:12
14:5 e Is. 29:6; Amos 1:1
14:5 f (Ps. 96:13); Is. 66:15, 16; Matt. 24:30, 31; 25:31; Jude 14
14:5 g Joel 3:11
14:5 3 Or you; LXX, Tg., Vg. Him
14:6 4 Lit. glorious ones
14:7 h Matt. 24:36
14:7 i Is. 30:26
14:8 j Ezek. 47:1–12; Joel 3:18; (John 7:38; Rev. 22:1, 2)
14:8 5 The Dead Sea
14:8 6 The Mediterranean Sea
14:9 k (Jer. 23:5, 6; Rev. 11:15)
14:9 l (Eph. 4:5, 6); Deut. 6:4
14:10 m Jer. 30:18; Zech. 12:6
14:10 n Neh. 3:1; Jer. 31:38
14:10 7 Lit. She
14:11 o Jer. 31:40
14:11 p Jer. 23:6; Ezek. 34:25–28; Hos. 2:18
14:12 8 Lit. decay
14:13 q 1 Sam. 14:15, 20
14:13 r Judg. 7:22; 2 Chr. 20:23; Ezek. 38:21
14:14 s Ezek. 39:10, 17
14:15 t Zech. 14:12
14:16 u (Is. 2:2, 3; 60:6–9; 66:18–21; Mic. 4:1, 2)
14:16 v Is. 27:13
14:16 w Lev. 23:34–44; Neh. 8:14; Hos. 12:9; John 7:2
14:17 x Is. 60:12
14:18 y Is. 19:21
14:18 z Deut. 11:10
14:19 9 Lit. sin
14:20 a Ex. 28:36; 39:30; Is. 23:18; Jer. 2:3
14:20 b Ezek. 46:20
14:21 c Is. 35:8; Ezek. 44:9; Joel 3:17; Rev. 21:27; 22:15
14:21 d (Eph. 2:19–22)
14:21 10 Or on every pot … shall be engraved “HOLINESS TO THE LORD OF HOSTS”
Introduction to Malachi
Title
The title is derived from the prophecy’s author, Malachi. With this last work in the Minor Prophets, God closes the OT canon historically and prophetically.
Author and Date
Some have suggested that the book was written anonymously, noting that the name, meaning “my messenger” or “the LORD’s messenger,” could be a title rather than a proper name. It is pointed out that the name occurs nowhere else in the OT, nor is any background material provided about the author. However, since all other prophetic books have historically identified their author in the introductory heading, this suggests that Malachi was indeed the name of the last OT writing prophet in Israel. Jewish tradition identifies him as a member of the Great Synagogue that collected and preserved the Scriptures.
The MacArthur Study Bible, NKJV Page 443