reforms of, 318–19
size and role of, xii–xiii, 27–35, 45, 48, 334–38, 375, 378, 386, 425, 467
spending by, 116–18, 119, 134
Graham, Billy, 102, 150, 315
Gramm, Phil, 371
Gratton, Charles, 18
Griffiths, Martha, 201–2
Greece, 59, 65–68, 81, 222
Greenspan, Alan, 419, 479
Grenada, 397–98, 468
Gruening, Ernest, 227
Guantánamo Bay, 472
Guatemala, 169–70, 226
Gulf War, 411–15, 418, 439, 467, 468
gun control, 338, 423, 428, 461
Gunther, John, 2, 10, 11, 17, 104–5
Guthrie, Woody, 19, 113, 117
Haber, Al, 194
Haig, Alexander, 281
Haiti, 437
Halberstam, David, 234
Haldeman, H. R., 289, 291
Haley, Alex, 316
Harriman, Averell, 59
Harrison, George, 54
Hatcher, Richard, 259
Hawaii, 74, 157
Hawkins, Augustus F., 323
Hayden, Tom, 204
Hayes, Ira, 35
Hayes, Wayne, 320
Haynes, Katherine, 3
health:
life expectancy, 461
physical fitness, 313–14, 454, 460–61
weight, 458–61, 465
health care, 31, 78, 120, 337, 454, 461
Clinton and, 420–22, 423, 425
Medicare and Medicaid, 206–7, 268, 322, 337, 341, 374, 421, 424–26, 431
Hearst, William Randolph, 92
Herling, John, 270
Hickel, Walter, 269
highways, 117–18, 128, 134, 269–70, 306
Hispanics, 259–61, 274, 448, 453
Mexican Americans, 17, 23, 135, 209, 250, 260–61, 274, 429–31, 447
Hiss, Alger, 94–95
Ho Chi Minh, 223, 286
Hodgson, Godfrey, 54
Hoffa, Jimmy, 122, 186
Hollywood, 92, 99, 109
homosexuality, 34, 93–94, 139, 265–66, 341–42, 368, 370, 387, 388, 425, 427, 435, 474
Hoover, J. Edgar, 197, 293
Horton, Willie, 410
hotels and motels, 137
housing, 31, 44–45, 78, 125–26, 135, 177, 193, 297, 322, 337
air-conditioning in, 134, 308, 462
anticommunism and, 98
discrimination and, 15, 23, 34, 98, 129–30, 133, 145–46, 198, 214–16, 272, 369
financial crisis and, 476–79
homeownership, 123, 126–28, 306, 441
home size, 450, 454–55, 458, 462, 465
indoor plumbing in, 455
public, 129
suburban, see suburbs
Houston, Tex., 308
HUD, 385
human rights, 55, 74, 332, 436
Humphrey, Hubert H., 75, 212, 248–49, 252–54, 267, 323
Hunt, E. Howard, 288, 289
Hurricane Katrina, 117, 475–76
IBM, 361, 363, 377
immigrants, x, 6, 77, 119, 134–35, 209–10, 429–31, 446–48, 453
ethnic revival and, 315–17
imperialism, ix–x, 50, 52, 53, 433–49, 469
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 56, 62, 409, 414, 436
international organizations, 55–57
International Trade Organization, 57
Iran, 60–62, 81, 167–69, 329, 330, 333, 371, 391, 395, 398, 411
Iran-Contra affair, 385, 398–401
Iraq, 169, 415
Gulf War, 411–15, 418, 439, 467, 468
Iraq War, 89, 469–73, 475
Iron Curtain, 62–70
Israel, 54, 77, 168–69, 295, 325, 396–98, 404, 467
Jackh, Ernest, 53
Jackson, Henry, 325
Jackson, Jesse, 381–82, 410, 417
Jackson, Maynard, 259
Japan, 60, 81, 87, 274, 275, 302, 351, 440, 451
occupation of, 87, 470
Japanese Americans, 22–23, 74
Jarvis, Howard, 336
Jemison, T. J., 148
Jenner, William, 100, 104
Jews, 10, 54, 77, 198, 209, 314, 315, 325
Jobs, Steve, 362–63
John Birch Society, 196
Johns, Barbara, 149
Johns, Vernon, 149
Johnson, Lyndon B., 101, 105, 173, 186, 199–207, 213, 215–17, 236, 240, 241, 266, 272, 291–92, 367, 465
civil rights and, 156, 157, 158, 199–202, 208
education and, 212–13
environment and, 210–12
Great Society of, 203–4, 206, 212–16, 231, 240, 244, 267, 268, 322, 334
in 1964 election, 204–5
1968 election and, 245
poverty and, 202–3
Vietnam War and, 205, 225–28, 231–32, 234, 235, 241, 243–47, 253, 276, 277
Jones, Paula, 432
jury service, 37, 145, 318
Kahn, Alfred, 328
Kaiser, Henry J., 21, 127
Kaltenborn, H. V., 53
Kansas City, 7
Karzai, Hamid, 468
Kazin, Alfred, 10, 304
Keats, John, 141
Kefauver, Estes, 103
Kelly, Walt, 270
Kemp, Jack, 371
Kennan, George, 54, 62–63, 66, 86, 170, 275
Kennedy, Anthony, 429
Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” 328
Kennedy, John F., 101, 173, 199–203, 205, 206, 210–11, 213, 226, 227, 252, 254, 272, 293, 314, 367
assassination of, 185–86, 199, 249
Bay of Pigs and, 172–73, 224
civil rights and, 160–61, 162, 178–85, 198, 200
Cold War and, 163, 171–77, 196
Eisenhower and, 162–63, 171
inaugural address of, 162–63, 204
New Frontier of, 177–78, 193
Vietnam and, 224–25, 231, 234, 277
Kennedy, Robert F., 121, 160–61, 173, 179, 245, 248–49
Kent State University, 277, 278, 283
Kerner, Otto, 240
Kerner Commission, 240–41
Kerouac, Jack, 115, 189, 190
Keynes, John Maynard, 56
Keyserling, Leon, 86
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 333
Khrushchev, Nikita, 164–67, 169, 173–76, 224
Kim Il Sung, 81, 84, 414
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 154–55, 159–61, 179, 182, 183, 185, 208, 215–16, 247–48, 252, 266, 291–92, 417
assassination of, 247–49
King, Rodney, 418
Kirkland, Lane, 441
Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 394–95, 408, 469
Kissinger, Henry, 275, 276, 280–82, 292, 293, 324, 325, 333, 402
Kleindienst, Richard, 289
Knowland, William, 156, 217
Koop, C. Everett, 389
Korea, 80–81
Korean War, 79–85, 95–97, 103–6, 108, 109, 163, 190, 222, 243
militarism and, 80, 85–90
Kristol, Irving, 325
Kucinich, Dennis, 335–36
Ku Klux Klan, 149, 152, 159, 178–79, 183, 185, 193, 208
Kuwait, 61, 399, 411–15
labor costs, 344–45, 349–52
labor unions, 6, 29, 45, 48, 77, 78, 119–24, 132, 213, 217–18, 253, 282–84, 313, 328, 343, 349–51, 355–58, 360, 441
communism and, 47, 73, 90–9
1, 98
Democratic Party and, 40–41, 45
Ford Motor Company and, 5
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) and, 28, 33, 46, 47, 356
National Labor Relations Board and, 47, 120, 377, 387
picket lines and, 356
prices and, 42–44, 282–84
Reagan and, 368–69, 377, 382, 387
in South, 47–48
strikes and, 38–43, 45–48, 122–23, 159, 283, 343, 350, 377–78, 382, 387
Taft-Hartley Act and, 46–48, 72, 73, 78, 199, 213, 350, 356
Laffer, Arthur, 370, 371, 374
LaGuardia, Fiorello, 31
Laird, Melvin, 276
land mines, 89, 435
Lange, Dorothea, 113
Laos, 174, 222, 223, 229, 246, 276, 277, 279, 280
Latin America, 170–71, 174, 226, 281, 332, 391–92, 411
Lawson, James, 159
Leahy, William, 54
Lebanon, 396–98
LeMay, Curtis, 253
Le Sueur, Meridel, 2, 3
Levitt, Alfred, 127
Levitt, William, 126–27, 130
Levittown, N.Y., 126–27, 130, 136, 138, 451–52, 455
Lewinsky, Monica, 432, 433
Lewis, John, 179
Lewis, Oscar, 203
libel, 237
liberalism, xiii, 66, 71–78, 97, 142, 187–88, 192–94, 200, 204–18, 409–10, 415, 422–23, 425, 427
life expectancy, 461
Lilienthal, David E., 63
Lilly, John Cunningham, 89–90
Lindsay, John, 239
Lippmann, Walter, 67, 69
Livingston, Robert, 433
Loeb, Philip, 100
Los Angeles, Calif., 22, 98, 308, 311, 418–19, 452
Lovett, Robert, 53, 54
Lubell, Samuel, 4
Lucas, George, 311
Luce, Henry R., 49, 52, 55, 391
Lucy, Autherine, 155–56
MacArthur, Douglas, 82, 84–85
Magaziner, Ira, 421
Malcolm X, 185, 247, 249
Malenkov, Georgy, 105
manufacturing, 4–8, 20, 297, 303, 383, 387
mass production in, 5, 6, 114–16
Marcantonio, Vito, 97
Marcus, Herbert, 189
market and business, xii
marriage, 16, 46, 119, 139–41, 236, 237, 262, 263, 340, 387, 425, 427, 451, 474
Marshall, Garry, 311
Marshall, George, 54, 67–68, 100
Mayaguez, 295
McCarran, Pat, 96
McCarthy, Eugene, 245, 248–49, 252
McCarthy, Joseph, 80, 96–98, 100–101, 104, 108, 195
McCarthyism, 96–101, 108–9
McClellan, John, 121
McCloy, John, 54
McCord, James, 288
McFarlane, Robert, 399
McGovern, George, 284–85, 293
McIntyre, James Francis, 102
McKinney, Doris, 349
McNamara, Robert S., 228, 232, 233, 243
McNaughton, John, 228
McVeigh, Timothy, 428
meat consumption, 44, 114, 296
meatpacking industry, 44, 358–61, 366
Meese, Edwin, 400
Menjou, Adolphe, 99
Meredith, James, 182, 247
Metzgar, Jack, 123
Mexican Americans, 17, 23, 135, 209, 250, 260–61, 274, 429–31, 447
Microsoft, 362, 363, 366
Middle East, 167–69, 226, 295, 325, 398, 467, 469
Midwest, 2–7, 302, 303, 305–6
militarism, xiii, 80, 85–90, 106–8, 127, 468
military, xiii, 50, 51, 106–7, 430, 434–37
academic life and, 89–90
blacks in, 15–16, 18, 35, 74, 75
demobilization after World War II, 51, 52, 83
dolphins used in, 89
draft in, 69, 74, 106, 230, 249, 276
Eisenhower and, 107–8
peacetime preparedness, 69, 80, 85
Reagan and, 374
religion and, 102–3
spending on, 86, 90, 106–8, 116, 118, 119, 134, 164, 274–75, 374, 380
U.S. global presence, 51, 53, 80, 87, 107, 227, 243, 433–35
Milk, Harvey, 342
Milken, Michael, 353–54, 383
Mills, C. Wright, 108
Mills, Wilbur, 207, 244, 320
miners, mining, 7, 12, 13, 19–21, 120, 131, 283, 350
missiles, 164, 165, 280, 392, 393, 401, 402
Cuban Missile Crisis, 174–75
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 204–5
Mississippi River, 13, 117
Mitchell, John, 289, 385
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 59
Mondale, Walter, 381–82
money, paper and coins, 102
Montgomery Improvement Association, 154, 155
Moore, Amzie, 18
Morris, Dick, 426
Morse, Wayne, 227
Moscone, George, 342
Mossaddegh, Mohammad, 167–68
movies, 310–11, 316, 384
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 325
Mumford, Lewis, 141
Murray, James E., 31
Murray, Philip, 73
Murrow, Edward R., 108
music, 191, 235, 236, 309–11, 445
Myrdal, Gunnar, 38, 147
Myers, Daisy and Bill, 130
Nader, Ralph, 270, 328, 357, 443
NASA, 165, 361, 375
Nash, Diane, 179
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 168, 169
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 18, 55, 74, 129, 144–46, 148–53, 155, 158–60, 184, 266
National Geographic Magazine, 2, 24
National Security Act, 69
National Security Council, 69, 86, 163, 281, 398
National Student Association, 73
Native Americans, 22, 23, 88, 261, 449–50
voting and, 35, 37, 145
Neustadt, Richard, 171–72
Newark, N.J., 304
New Deal, 2–4, 9, 13, 27–38, 40, 42, 45–46, 52, 53, 71–73, 76–78, 90–91, 94, 97, 104, 118, 119, 142, 143–45, 187, 195, 196, 198, 200, 228, 267, 317, 322, 323, 328, 334, 338, 368, 387
New Left, 194, 195, 234, 283, 284, 312, 321, 325
New Right, 195–99
New York, N.Y., 7–9, 303–4, 311, 334
fiscal crisis in, 334–35, 337
New York Times, 234, 246, 292, 469
Nicaragua, 332, 385, 392–94, 399, 404
Nichols, J. C., 136
Nichols, Terry, 428
9/11 attacks, x, xiii, 466–69, 471–75
Nitze, Paul, 86
Nixon, E. D., 144, 153, 154
Nixon, Richard, 91, 97, 103, 123, 162, 166, 167, 171, 196, 217, 254, 255, 264, 296, 318, 320, 322, 323, 327, 343, 367, 377, 402, 464
China and, 275, 280–82
civil rights and, 156, 160, 161, 255–57
economy and, 282–84, 295, 297
elected president, 252–54
Ford’s pardon of, 320–21, 326
in 1972 election, 282–85, 287, 293, 297
reforms and, 266–74
resignation of, 291, 318
Soviet Union and, 280–82, 324, 325
Vietnam War and, 253, 275–83, 285–86, 287, 292
Watergate and, 287, 288–93, 310, 318, 320–22, 326, 400
Nor
iega, Manuel, 411
North, Oliver, 396, 399–400
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 420, 423, 431, 435
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 70, 166, 174, 205, 414, 434, 437, 438
Northeast, 7–11, 302–6
North Korea, 244, 435
see also Korean War
nuclear weapons, 57, 60, 63–64, 82, 84, 87–88, 95, 108, 116, 163, 164, 167, 174, 176, 205, 332, 402
in Soviet Union, 63–64, 82, 86, 88, 164, 174, 275, 401, 402
tests of, 82, 88–89, 210
Obama, Barack, 480
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 386
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 270–71, 357, 376
Oklahoma City bombing, 428
oil, 19, 61, 139, 167–69, 171, 295, 296, 308, 323, 330, 334, 412, 462, 463, 470
price of, 139, 296, 310, 329, 330–31, 347, 376, 391
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 88
Ortega, Daniel, 395
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 186
Paine, Tom, 368, 389
Pakistan, 404, 466, 468
Palestine, 54, 325, 396–97, 404
Panama, 326, 332, 394, 411, 468
Parks, Rosa, 144, 153
Patterson, Robert, 54
Paul VI, Pope, 464
Peace Corps, 174
Pendergast, Tom, 60
Pentagon Papers, 292
Pepper, Claude, 97
Perkins, Merwin, 83
Perot, Ross, 418, 419
Peterson, Esther, 201
Philadelphia, Pa., 11, 304–5
Philippines, 80, 82, 107
Phillips, Howard, 370
Pledge of Allegiance, 102, 410
Podhoretz, Norman, 9, 10, 325
Poindexter, John, 400
Poland, 58–60, 393, 403
Polanski, Roman, 311
political action committees, 355
population, 302
control of, 464–65
growth of, x, 119, 126, 446–47, 450, 464
shifts and migrations, 6, 7, 19, 24, 38, 131–35, 302, 310, 449, 450
Portman, John, 309
postal workers, 283
poverty, 53, 177, 193, 202–3, 217, 268, 375, 441
in South, 12–14, 18, 307
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 36, 156
Powell, Colin, 412, 414, 435
Powell, Lewis, 343–44
Presley, Elvis, 39, 191
Progressive Citizens of America, 72
Pueblo, USS, 244
Puerto Rico, 135, 145, 261, 465
railways, 10, 303
Rand, Ayn, 92, 197
Randolph, A. Philip, 160, 184
Rankin, Jeanette, 249
Rankin, John, 34
Ray, James Earl, 248
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