Struggle for Sea Power : A Naval History of American Independence (9781782397403)

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Struggle for Sea Power : A Naval History of American Independence (9781782397403) Page 59

by Willis, Sam

strategic situation ref1

  truce ref1

  Boston, siege of ref1

  American whaleboat attacks ref1

  burning of the Diana ref1

  boats secured ref1

  British supply route ref1

  Boston (American frigate) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Boston Massacre ref1

  Boston Port Act, 1774 ref1

  Boston Tea Party ref1, ref2, ref3

  retribution ref1

  Bouillé, marquis de ref1

  Boulton, Captain ref1

  Bowen, Jabez ref1

  Boyne, HMS ref1, ref2

  Brandywine, battle of ref1, ref2n

  Brest ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  Bricole (60 gun) ref1

  Bristol, HMS ref1

  Britannia, HMS ref1

  British Army, supply problem ref1

  Broughton, Nicholas ref1

  Brown, John ref1, ref2

  Bruce, James ref1

  Bucklin, Joseph ref1

  Bunker Hill, battle of ref1n, ref2, ref3

  Burgoyne, John

  advance to Lake George ref1, ref2

  arrival in America ref1

  background ref1

  battle of Saratoga ref1

  Champlain campaign ref1

  isolated ref1

  Lake Champlain fleet ref1

  naval support ref1, ref2

  and Philadelphia campaign ref1

  surrender ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Burke, Edmund ref1

  Bushnell, David ref1

  Byron, Rear-Admiral John ref1

  arrival in Caribbean ref1

  Atlantic crossing ref1

  battle for Grenada ref1

  challenge ref1

  resignation ref1

  Cádiz ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

  Cambridge ref1, ref2

  campaigns, maritime aspects ref1

  camp-followers ref1

  Canada, threat to America ref1

  Canadian campaign, 1775–6 ref1, ref2

  American attack on Quebec ref1

  American withdrawal ref1, ref2

  Arnold’s advance on Quebec ref1

  bateaux ref1

  British fleet arrives at Montreal ref1

  capture of the George ref1

  crossing of the St Lawrence ref1

  disease ref1

  evacuation of ref1

  fall and evacuation of Montreal ref1

  fall of Fort Ticonderoga ref1

  fall of Montreal ref1

  importance ref1

  intelligence ref1

  invasion authorised ref1

  invasion plan ref1, ref2

  limited British naval resources ref1

  relief of Quebec ref1

  Schuyler’s advance ref1

  transport boats ref1

  Cantin, Don Caudron ref1

  Cape Henry, battle off ref1, ref2

  Cape St Vincent ref1

  Cape Town ref1, ref2

  Cape Verde islands ref1

  Capture Act, 1775 ref1

  captures

  American ref1, ref2

  British ref1, ref2, ref3

  convoys ref1

  French ref1, ref2

  Rodney’s treasure fleet ref1

  Spanish ref1

  Caribbean, the ref1, ref2, ref3

  American gunpowder trade ref1, ref2

  arrival of French sea power ref1

  battle of St Lucia ref1, ref2

  battle of the Saintes ref1

  Blane’s health reforms ref1, ref2

  British campaign, 1782 ref1

  British holdings ref1

  British invasion of St Lucia ref1, ref2

  British losses ref1

  British sea power ref1, ref2

  British supply shortage ref1

  Byron’s arrival in ref1

  condition of British fleet ref1, ref2

  conditions ref1, ref2

  construction of British fleet ref1

  crisis ref1

  disease ref1, ref2, ref3

  Dutch holdings ref1, ref2, ref3

  Franco-Spanish campaign, 1781 ref1, ref2

  French campaign, 1780 ref1, ref2

  French confidence ref1

  French holdings ref1

  French invasion of Dominica ref1

  French opening actions ref1

  Grasse arrives in ref1

  Hotham’s arrival in ref1

  island vulnerability ref1

  Leeward Islands station ref1

  lull in operations, 1780 ref1

  privateer operations ref1

  privateers and privateering ref1

  Rodney leaves ref1

  Rodney’s force ref1

  Rodney’s arrival in ref1

  Rodney’s return to ref1

  St Eustatius campaign ref1, ref2

  sea power in ref1, ref2

  slaves ref1

  Spanish campaign, 1780 ref1, ref2

  Spanish holdings ref1

  storm, 1780 ref1

  strategic importance ref1

  strategic situation, 1778 ref1

  strategic situation, 1779 ref1

  strategic situation, 1781 ref1

  and threat of war ref1

  weather ref1

  wind system ref1

  Carleton, Guy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

  Carlisle, Earl of, peace commission ref1

  Carlos III, King of Spain ref1

  Carlton, HMS ref1, ref2

  Castle William ref1

  Castries, marquis de ref1

  casualties

  battle of the Saintes ref1

  disease ref1, ref2

  Dogger Bank ref1

  Lexington and Concord ref1

  New York campaign ref1

  powder house raids ref1

  Savannah ref1, ref2

  St Lucia ref1

  Ushant ref1

  Catherine the Great, empress of Russia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Centre International de la Mer, France ref1

  Centurion, HMS ref1

  César (French 74-gun) ref1

  Ceuta ref1

  Champlain, Lake ref1, ref2

  American command ref1

  American defences ref1, ref2

  American firepower ref1

  battle of Valcour Island ref1

  British aims ref1

  British firepower ref1

  British vessels hauled to ref1

  caissons ref1

  construction of American fleet ref1, ref2

  construction of British fleet ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  manning and arming British fleet ref1

  pontoon bridge ref1, ref2

  road cut ref1

  strategic importance ref1, ref2

  Sugar-Loaf Hill ref1

  Champlain, Lake, campaign

  advance to Lake George ref1, ref2

  battle of Saratoga ref1

  British advance to Skenesborough ref1

  British supply lines ref1

  Burgoyne’s fleet ref1

  Burgoyne’s surrender ref1, ref2

  Burgoyne’s voyage south ref1

  camp-followers ref1

  Indians ref1

  paroles ref1

  strategic situation, July 1777 ref1

  Charles III, King of Spain ref1, ref2

  Charleston

  evacuation of, 1782 ref1n

  naval defence ref1

  raid on ref1, ref2

  strategic importance ref1

  Charleston campaign ref1

  American planning and preparations ref1

  American surrender ref1

  Ashley River crossing ref1

  British Army march on ref1

  British batteries ref1

  British crossing of the bar ref1

  British envelopment completed ref1

  British fleet’s arrival ref1

  Brit
ish forces ref1

  British reinforcements ref1

  British seamanship ref1

  British voyage to ref1

  comparison with French siege of Savannah ref1

  defence of the bar ref1

  fireships ref1

  Fort Moultrie ref1, ref2, ref3

  impact of ref1

  naval defences ref1, ref2

  planning and preparation ref1

  shoals ref1

  weather delays ref1

  Charon, HMS ref1, ref2

  Chase, Samuel ref1

  Chassault, comte de ref1

  Chesapeake, battle of the ref1, ref2, ref3

  Chesapeake Bay ref1, ref2

  Arnold’s invasion of ref1, ref2

  Washington crosses ref1

  Chesterfield, Earl of ref1

  chevaux de frise ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Cleveley, Robert ref1

  Clinton, George ref1

  Clinton, Henry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  arrival in America ref1

  Charleston campaign ref1, ref2, ref3

  relationship with Arbuthnot ref1, ref2, ref3

  Clinton, James ref1

  Clintons, battle of the ref1

  Clocheterie, Lieutenant ref1

  Closen, Baron Ludwig von ref1

  Coercive Acts ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Coit, William ref1

  Colburn, Reuben ref1

  Collier, Captain Sir George ref1

  arrival at Penobscot ref1

  Chesapeake raids ref1

  diary ref1

  impact of ref1

  replaces Gambier ref1

  colonies ref1n

  coastline ref1

  Columbus (American armed ship) ref1, ref2

  Committee of Secret Correspondence ref1

  Committees of Safety ref1n

  communication, slowness of ref1

  Company of Caracas ref1

  competence, visibility of ref1, ref2

  conciliation strategy, the Howes ref1

  Concord ref1

  British advance on ref1

  engagement at ref1

  Concorde (French frigate) ref1

  Congress (American frigate) ref1, ref2

  Connecticut, Collier’s raids ref1

  Connecticut State Navy ref1, ref2, ref3

  Conquérant (French warship) ref1

  Conqueror, HMS ref1

  Constitution, the ref1

  Continental Army

  decline ref1

  evacuation of Long Island ref1

  formation ref1

  regiment of mariners ref1

  strength ref1

  Washington commander-in-chief ref1, ref2

  Continental Congress ref1

  first, 1774 ref1

  second ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Continental Navy ref1

  administration ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  birth of ref1

  captures ref1

  Charleston campaign ref1, ref2, ref3

  competition with privateers ref1

  creation of ref1

  as declaration of independence ref1, ref2

  disagreement over formation ref1

  early failures ref1

  early successes ref1

  expectations of ref1

  export of revolution ref1

  first British warship captured ref1

  first combat ref1

  first guns ref1

  first ship commissioned ref1

  flags ref1, ref2

  funding ref1

  losses, 1779 ref1

  Marine Committee ref1

  officers ref1

  origins ref1

  Penobscot expedition ref1; see also Bagaduce, battle of

  political implication of formation ref1

  problems facing ref1

  punishments ref1

  quality of vessels ref1

  shipbuilding programme ref1

  strategic situation, 1776–77 ref1

  strategic value ref1

  strength ref1

  supporters of formation ref1n

  threat of ref1

  weakness of leadership ref1

  convoy captures ref1

  Conyngham, Gustavus ref1, ref2, ref3

  Cooper River ref1, ref2

  coppering ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Córdova, Don Luis de ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Cormorant, HMS ref1, ref2

  Cornwallis, General, Charles

  and arrival of French fleet at Yorktown ref1

  battle of Princetown ref1

  British failure to support ref1

  naval support ref1, ref2

  occupation of Yorktown ref1

  pursuit of Washington ref1

  ships available at Yorktown ref1

  surrender at Yorktown ref1, ref2, ref3

  Trenton counter-attack ref1

  at Yorktown ref1

  Yorktown escape attempt ref1

  Cornwallis, Jemima ref1

  Crown Point ref1, ref2

  Cuba ref1

  Cuddalore, battle of ref1, ref2

  customs service ref1

  Dacres, James ref1

  Dalling, John ref1

  Dana, Francis ref1

  Danish navy ref1, ref2

  Darby, Vice-Admiral George ref1, ref2, ref3

  d’Arce, Don Antonio ref1

  Dartmouth ref1

  Dartmouth, Lord ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Dawes, Richard ref1

  Dead River ref1

  Deane, Silas ref1, ref2n, ref3, ref4

  Declaration of Independence, dissemination ref1

  Defence (American privateer) ref1

  Delaware ref1n

  Delaware (American frigate) ref1, ref2, ref3

  Delaware River ref1

  American boats ref1, ref2

  blockade ref1

  British evacuation ref1

  British failure to take ref1

  British open ref1

  defences ref1, ref2, ref3

  d’Estaing’s fleet enters ref1, ref2

  ice floes ref1, ref2

  natural obstacles ref1

  Washington crossings ref1

  Washington’s retreat across ref1

  Washington’s Trenton campaign ref1

  Denmark ref1, ref2

  Derby, John ref1

  d’Estaing, comte ref1, ref2

  abandons the Caribbean ref1

  American expectations of ref1

  and American–Indian relations ref1

  arrival at the Delaware ref1, ref2

  arrival in Boston ref1

  Atlantic crossing ref1, ref2

  Barbados operation ref1

  battle for Grenada ref1

  battle of St Lucia ref1, ref2

  blockade of New York ref1, ref2

  career ref1

  in the Caribbean ref1, ref2, ref3

  departure from American shores ref1

  energy ref1

  engagement at Narragansett Bay ref1, ref2

  fleet’s operational capability declines ref1

  Howe’s pursuit of ref1

  incompetence ref1

  leaves Boston ref1

  leaves Newport ref1

  lessons from failure of ref1

  opposition to ref1

  return to France ref1

  run for Martinique ref1

  Savannah campaign ref1

  seamanship ref1

  Washington and ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Diana, HMS ref1

  diaries ref1

  Collier ref1

  Pasley ref1

  Rochambeau’s expedition ref1, ref2

  women travellers ref1

  Digby, Rear-Admiral Robert ref1, ref2

  disease ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Dogger Bank, battle of ref1, ref2

  Dominica ref1, ref2

  D’Orvilliers, comte ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  Douglas, Cap
tain Charles ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Drake, Francis ref1

  Drake, HMS ref1

  Druid, HMS ref1

  Dudingston, Lieutenant William ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Duff, Vice-Admiral Robert ref1, ref2, ref3

  Dumas, Charles ref1

  Duncan, Henry ref1, ref2, ref3n

  Dunlap broadside, the ref1

  Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n, ref5

  Durham boats ref1

  Dutch Antilles ref1

  Dutch East India Company ref1

  Dutch navy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  Dutch–French relationship ref1

  Eagle, HMS ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  East India Company ref1, ref2, ref3

  Effingham (American galley) ref1, ref2

  Egypt ref1, ref2

  Eliott, General George ref1, ref2, ref3

  Ellison, Joseph ref1

  Elphinstone, George ref1, ref2

  English Channel, Franco-Spanish campaign, 1781 ref1

  English Channel, Franco-Spanish campaign, 1782 ref1

  English Channel, Franco-Spanish invasion campaign, 1799

  challenge ref1

  date ref1

  disease ref1

  Franco-Spanish fleet off Plymouth ref1, ref2

  Franco-Spanish fleet returns home ref1

  impact of ref1

  quality of French contingent ref1

  quality of Spanish contingent ref1

  rendezvous ref1, ref2

  signalling systems ref1

  strength ref1, ref2

  Enterprise (former HMS George) ref1

  Enterprise, HMS ref1

  Esopus ref1

  Europe, balance of power ref1

  Falmouth, bombardment of ref1, ref2n

  Fame, HMS ref1

  Fanshawe, Robert ref1

  Fénix (Spanish warship) ref1

  ferries ref1, ref2

  Ferrol ref1, ref2, ref3

  fire-rafts, chains ref1

  fireships ref1n, ref2, ref3

  First Rate man of war, gunpowder stock ref1

  flags

  ‘Betsy Ross’ Stars and Stripes ref1

  colonial navies ref1

  Continental Navy ref1, ref2

  Grand Union flag ref1, ref2

  Pennsylvania State Navy ref1

  Flamand (French ship) ref1

  Flamborough Head, battle off ref1, ref2

  flatboats ref1, ref2

  fleet command, difficulty of ref1

  Florida ref1, ref2

  Floridablanca, conde de ref1, ref2

  foreign trade, American ports opened to ref1

  Formidable, HMS ref1

  Fort Chambly ref1

  Fort Clinton, attack on ref1, ref2

  Fort Edward ref1

  Fort Mercer, defence of ref1

  Fort Mifflin ref1

  Fort Montgomery ref1, ref2

  Fort Moultrie, Charleston ref1

  Fort Nelson, raid on ref1

  Fort Panmure ref1

  Fort St Jean ref1

  Fort Ticonderoga ref1

  American defences ref1

  fall of ref1

  Fort Western ref1

  Fowey, HMS ref1

  Fox, Charles James ref1

  Fox, HMS ref1

  France

  advantage ref1

  alliance with Americans ref1

  alliance with Austria ref1

 

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