The Last Tsar: Emperor Michael II
Page 33
2. Grand Duchess George, p 182
3. MA’s diary, May 5, 1917
4. Ibid, May 5-14, 1917
5. Polovtsov, pp 207-8
6. Kerensky, p 120
7. MA’s diary, July 31, 1917
8. Polovtsov, p 292
9. MA’s diary, July 31, 1917
10. Benckendorff, p 107
11. Wilton, p 184 (Kobylinski deposition)
12. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 257
13. Benckendorff, p 107
14. MA’s diary, July 31, 1917
18. Kerensky’s Captive
1. MA’s diary, August 21, 1917
2. Ibid, August 22, 1917
3. Pipes, p 447
4. Polovtsov, p 208
5. Kerensky, Murder, p 138
6. Ibid, p 195, Catastrophe, pp 137-9
7. MA’s diary, August 25, 1917
8. Ibid, August 29, 1917
9. Pipes, p 441
10. Lincoln,, p 415
11. Kerensky, Catastrophe, p 318
12. Pipes, p 441
13. Ibid, p 467
14. Ibid, p 460
15. Ibid, p 41
16. Lincoln, p 423
17. MA’s diary, August 29, 1917
18. Ibid, August 31, 1917
19. Ibid, September 4, 1917
20. Buchanan to Lord Stamfordham, September 7, 1917 RA GV P 284 A/26
21. MA’s diary, September 6, 1917
22. Telegram to Balfour, PRO FO/371/3015, circulated to ‘King and Cabinet’
23. MA’s diary, September 13/15, 1917
24. Ibid, September 2, 1917
25. Dimitri’s diary, October 1917
19. Citizen Michael
1. Kerensky, Catastrophe, pp 333-4
2. Pipes, p 489
3. MA’s diary, October 19/25, 1917
4. Ibid, October 26, 1917
5. Ibid, October 27, 1917
6. Ibid, October 30, 1917
7. Majolier, p 118
8. MA’s diary, October 31, 1917
9. Wonlar-Larsky pp 172-3; in Russian, her married name was Vonlyarlyarskaya
10. Ibid
11. MA’s diary, November 1, 1917
12. Ibid, November 4, 1917
13. Poutiatine
14. Ibid
15. MA’s diary, November 7, 1917
16. Ibid, November 13, 1917
17. Ibid, November 15, 1917
18. Majolier, p 112
19. MA’s diary, November 15, 1917
20. Buranov/Khrustalev, Gibel imperatorskogo doma 1917-19 p 91
21. Gushchik, p 22
22. Ibid
23. Ibid
24. MA’s diary, December 25/31, 1917
25. Oliver H. Radkey, The Election to the Russian Constitutent Assembly, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1950, pp 20-21
26. Miss Neame, letter to her family in Brighton, England, May 16, 1918 (private collection)
27. MA’s diary, March 4, 1918
28. Miss Neam letter ibid
29. Poutiatine
30. Ibid
31. Ibid
32. Commissar order, GARF 130/10, cited Gibel Buranov/Khrustalev, p 93
33. Poutiatine
34. MA to NS, March 10, 1918, LRA MS 1363/36-4
35. Poutiatine
20. Prisoner of Perm
1. MA to NS, telegram, March 14, 1918, LRA MS 1363/37-1
2. Letter from Johnson, cited Poutiatine
3. Khrustalev/Lykov, p 89
4. Poutiatine
5. MA to NS, March 10, 1918, LRA MS 1363/36-4
6. Johnson to Lenin, telegram, March 15. 1918, GARF 130/1109
7. MA to NS, telegram, March 19, 1918, LRA MS 1363/37-2
8. The Times, London, March 22, 1918
9. MA to NS, telegram, March 19, 1918, LRA Ms 1363/37-3
10. MA to Bonch-Bruevich, March 20, 1918, GARF 130/1109
11. Chelyshev to Natasha, March 26, 1918, LRA MS 1363/37-4
12. MA to NS, telegram, March 19, 1918, 1363/37-3
14. The Times, London, April 6, 1918
15. Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 153
16. Khrustalev/Lykov, pp 108-9
17. MA to NS, April 10, 1918, LRA MS 1363/36
18. Poutiatine
19. Miss Neame letter
20. Ibid
21. Majolier, p 132
22. March 25, 1918, GARF 130/1109
23. ‘Prisoner of Perm’ photo, LRA MS 1363/268
24. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 153
25. Ibid
26. Wilton, p 120
27. MA to NS, telegram, April 19, 1918, LRA Ms 1363/37-6
28. Ibid, April 25, 1918, 1363/26
29. MA’s diary, May 11, 1918, Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 159
30. Shamarin, GARF 539/2765
31. Myasnikov, p 83
32. MA’s diary, May 16, 1918, cited ibid
33. Ibid, May 12-17, 1918
34. Ibid May 17, 1918
35. Ibid, May 18, 1918
36. Alexandrov, p 221
37. Poutiatine
38. Wilton, p 121
21. Either Him or Us
1. Khrustalev/Likov, p 92
2. Buranov/Khrustalev, p 96
3. MA’s diary, May 21,1918, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev (hereafter MK) p 160
4. MA to NS, June 3, 1918, LRA MS, 1363/31
5. MA’s diary, May 19-23, 1918, MK ibid
6. Krumnis, GARF 5881/414
7. MA’s diary, May 25, 1918, MK p 161
8. Wilton, p 121
9. Unsigned and undated note, LRA MS 1363/22
10. MA’s diary, May 29, 1918, MK ibid
11. MA to NS, June 3, 1918, LRA MS 1363/22
12. Ibid, June 3, 1918
13. MA’s diary, June 7, 1918, MK p 163
14. Myasnikov, p 63
15. Biographical note, Myasnikov
16. Kerensky, Murder, p 255
17. Myasnikov, p 31
18. Ibid, pp 69-70
19. MA’s diary, June 7, 1918, MK ibid
20. Ibid, June 8-9, 1918
21. Ibid, June 10-11, 1918
22. Myasnikov, p 116
23. Malkov statement, GAPO 90/M-60
24. Mikov, GAPO 90/2/M-22b
22. Death in the Woods
1. Myasnkov, p 59
2. Ibid
3. Ibid,, pp 82-4
4. British Meteorological Office,, Bracknell, Berkshire
5. Myasnikov, p 59
6. Ibid, p 87
7. Ibid, pp 94-5
8. Ibid, p 95
9. Biographical note, Introduction, Myasnikov His 1935 statement at the Soviet Paris embassy came after he fled Stalin’s purges and intended to win hi m a pardon. He was allowed back in Russia, though that would do him no good. He was executed by the Soviets in 1945.
10. Myasnikov, p 95
11. Khrustalev/Lykov, p 118
12. Statement by Znamerovsky, ibid cited pp 118-9
13. Statement by Chelyshev, ibid, cited p 109
14. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3
15. Statement by kitchen maid, cited Khrustalev/Lykov, pp 114-5
16. Statement by Chelyshev, ibid, p 109
17. Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3
18. Ibid
19. Wilton, p 123
20. Ibid
21. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 153
22. Chelyshev statement, Khrustalev/Lykov, p 109; Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3
23. Myasnikov, p 98
24. Ibid, pp 98-100
25. Ibid, p 105
26. Ibid, pp 105-8
27. Ibid, p 111
28. Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3
29. Ibid
30. Myasnikov, p 112
31. Markov, Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3
32. Markov was still weating the watch in 1965 when as an old man his statement about Michael’s murder was lodged in Perm Archives.
33. Myasnikov, p 113
3
4. Ibid
35. Ibid
36. Resolution Perm Provincial Executive Committee, June 13, 1918, cited Khrustalev/Lykov, p 90
37. Wilton, p 240
38. Izvestya, Perm., June 15, 1918, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 149
39. V. F. Sivkov, Perm Provincial Executive Committee, cited Buranov/Khrustalov, p 107
40. Vera Karnaukhova, in evidence to Sokolov, RTsKhIDNI 588/8, cited Khrustalev/Lykov pp 138-40
41. Krumnis, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, pp 152-3
42. Myasnikov, p 119
43. Ibid, p 114
44. Alexandrov, pp 81-3
45 Ibid. The two envoys travelled separately, with Myasnikov escorting his friend Beloborodov’s wife and family, travelling to Moscow. Although he survived, they drowned in a cross-river ferry accident. That would explain why he did not return with Goloshchenkin to Ekaterinburg or play any further role in events there.
23. Long Live Michael
1. Telegram no 551, June 29, 1918, PRO/ADM 137/883
2. The Times, London, June 27, 1918,
3. Ibid, July 3, 1918
4. Ibid, July 6, 1918
5. July 8, 1918, PRO WO 106/1220/44
6. Nasha rodina, Moscow, July 21, 1918 cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 141
7. Dimitri’s diaries 1918
8. Moscow to Berlin, July 17, 1918, PRO GFM 6/139 A3097
9. July 1, 1918, PRO GFM 6/140 A30977
10. Bykov, p 82
11. Investigations which established the essentials of the murder were begun after the Whites captured Ekaterinburg on July 25, 1918.
12. Sinolin; it was Sinolin who recovered the bodies and carried out the first investigations of the murders.
13. Pipes, pp 780-3
14. Bruce Lockhart, p 304
15. Stockholm, August 26, 1918, PRO WO 106/1219/815
16. Kiev, August 23, 1918, PRO GFM, 6.140/AS 4034
17. July 22, 1918,
18. Majolier, p 129
19. GARF 439/8780, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev, p 156
20. June 15, 1918, PRO GFM6/139 A29471
21. Ibid
22. Majolier p 153
23. Ibid, p 142
24. Bruce Lockhart, p 321; ‘hung out of window’ Paley, 244
25. Majolier p 145; the evidence dates her arrest as September 7, 1918
26. Ibid, p 153
27. Ibid, pp 158-60
28. Izvestia, Perm, cited Mirkina/Khrustalev p 156
29. Russian Telegraph Agency, September 20, 1918, ibid p 156
30. O’Connor, p 256
31. Mirkina/Khrustalelv p 156
32. September 21, 1918, PROGFM 6/140/A39669
33. Wilton, p 129
34. LRA Ms 1363/82
35. Majolier, p 142
36. Ibid, p 161
37. Ibid, p 170
38. Ibid pp 166-9
39. GARF 391/161, cited Buranov/Khrustalev, p 111
40. Kiev, October 24, 1918, PRO GFM, 16/140 A44463
41. Copenhagen, November 2, 1918, ibid, A46412
42. Berlin, October 30, 1918, ibid, A45995
43. Majolier, p177
44. Ibid, p 179
24. A Divided Family
1. Kolchak telegram, September 15, 1919, LRA MS 1363/98
2. Majolier, p 191
3. LRA MS 1363/101, Gray, 138
4. Ibid, 1363/119
5. Majolier, p 192
6. August 2, LRA MS 1363/103-3
7. LRA MS 1363/69
8. The Times, London, July 6,, 1924
9. Cyril, p 220
10. Ibid, p 248
11. Ibid, p 247
12. Ibid, p 222, 248
13. Letter, October 4, 1924, kindly provided by Prince Nicholas Romanov, great-nephew of ‘Nikolasha’
14. Cyril, p 222
15. Ibid, p 165
16. Ibid, p 232
17. Ibid, p 248
18. Almanac de Gotha, 1936
19. Gray, p 146
20. Majolier, p 226
21. Ibid, p 230
22. Illyustrirovannaya Rossiya, Paris, August 1, 1931. LRA MS 1363/123
23. Natasha grand-daughter Pauline Gray to author
24. Death certificate: copy to author from Natasha’s grand-daughter Pauline
25. Gushchik, p 46
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOURCES AND WORKS CITED
ORIGINAL SOURCES
MICHAEL ALEKSANDROVICH, GRAND DUKE, EMPEROR MICHAEL II — Letters, 1908-1918: State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow — Letters, 1909-1910: Russian State Historical Archive, St. Petersburg — Diaries, 1915-1918: Forbes Collection, New York
— Letters, telegrams: Leeds Russian Archive, University of Leeds
— Legal papers, miscellanea: Knebworth House archive, England
— Personal photograph album: School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London
NATHALIE SERGEYEVNA BRASOVA (‘NATASHA’)
— Letters, 1909-1916: State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow — Telegrams, 1909-1913; miscellanea 1919-1934: Leeds Russian Archive, University of Leeds
GEORGE MIKHAILOVICH, COUNT BRASOV
— Letters 1918: Leeds Russian Archive, University of Leeds
DIMITRI PAVLOVICH, GRAND DUKE
—Diaries, Houghton Library, Harvard University
—Letters, 1915-1917: State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Other Archives consulted:
Moscow Historical Archive
Moscow Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation Public Record Office, London (PRO)
Royal Archives, Windsor (RA)
Royal Archives, Copenhagen
State Archive of the Moscow District
State Archive of the Perm District (GAPO)
Wiener Stadt-und Landsarchiv, Vienna
SELECTED WORKS
ALEXANDER Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (‘Sandro’): Once a Grand Duke, Cassell, London 1932
— Always a Grand Duke, Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1933
ABRIKOSSOW, Dimitri I., Revelations of a Russian Diplomat, University of Washington, Seattle, 1964
BING, Edward J (ed.) The Secret Letters of the Last Tsar: The Confidential Correspondence between Nicholas II and His Mother, Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna, Nicholson & Watson, London 1937
BROWDER, R P and KERENSKY A F: The Russian Provisional Government 1917, Stanford University Press, 1961
BRUCE LOCKHART, R H: Memoirs Of A British Agent, Macmillan, London, 1932
BRUSILOV, General Alexei: A Soldier’s Note-Book, Macmillan, London, 1936
BUCHANAN, Sir George: My Mission To Russia, Cassell, London, 1923
BUCHANAN, Meriel, The Dissolution of an Empire, John Murray, London, 1932
BUXHOEVEDEN, Baroness Sophie: The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of Russia, Longmans, London, 1928
BYKOV, P M: The Last Days of Tsardom, Martin Lawrence, London, 1934
CANTACUZÈNE, Princess: Revolutionary Days, Chapman & Hall, London, 1920
CHAVCHAVADZE, Prince David: The Grand Dukes, Atlantic International Publications, N.Y., 1990
CLARKE, William: The Lost Fortunes of the Tsars, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1994
CYRIL, Grand Duke (Kirill Vladimirovich): My Life in Russia’s Service, Selwyn & Blount, London, 1939
DEHN, Lili: The Real Tsaritsa, Thornton Butterworth, London, 1922
DOBSON, Christopher: Prince Felix Youssoupoff, Harrap, London, 1965
GELARDI, Julia: Born to Rule, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria, Queens of Europe, Headline Book Publishing, London, 2005
GEORGE, Grand Duchess (Marie Georgievna): Memoirs, Atlantic International Publications, N.Y., 1988
GRAY, Pauline: The Grand Duke’s Woman, Macdonald, London, 1976
KATKOV, George: Russia 1917: The February Revolution, Longmans, Green, London, 1967
KERENSKY, Alexander and BULYGIN, Paul: The Murder of the Romanovs, Hutchinson, London, 1935
KERENSKY
, Alexander: The Catastrophe, Appleton, N.Y., 1927
— Memoirs, Cassell, London, 1966
KNOX, Major-General Sir Alfred: With the Russian Army, Hutchinson, London, 1921
KOURNAKOFF, Sergei: Savage Squadrons, Harrap, London, 1936
KSCHESSINKA, Mathilde (Romanovsky-Krassinsky, Princess): Dancing in Petersburg, Victor Gollancz, London, 1961
LETTERS of the Tsar to the Tsaritsa, 1914-1917 Bodley Head, London 1929
LETTERS of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914-1916, Duckworth, London 1923
LINCOLN, W. Bruce: Passage Through Armageddon, Simon & Schuster, N.Y., 1986
LUCKETT, Richard, The White Generals, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1971
MAJOLIER, Nathalie: Stepdaughter to Imperial Russia, Stanley Paul, London, 1940
MAYLUNAS, Andrei, and MIRONENKO, Sergei: A Lifelong Passion, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1996
MILYUKOV, Paul N: History of the Russian Revolution, Academic International Press, Florida, 1978
MOSSOLOV, A A: At the Court of the Last Tsar, Methuen, London, 1935
(NABOKOV V D:) V D Nabokov and the Russian Provisional Government 1917, Yale University Press, 1976
Nicholas II, Journal Intime. Translated by A. Pierre, Paris, Bayor, 1925.
NICHOLAS, Prince of Greece: My Fifty Years, Hutchinson, London 1926
NICOLSON, Harold: King George the Fifth, Constable, London, 1952
O’CONNOR, John (ed.): The Sokolov Investigation, Souvenir Press, London, 1972
PALÉOLOGUE, Maurice: An Ambassador’s Memoirs, Doran, N.Y., 1925
PALEY, Princess: Memories of Russia, Herbert Jenkins, London, 1924
PARES, Sir Bernard: The Fall of the Russian Monarchy, Jonathan Cape, London, 1939
PIPES, Richard: The Russian Revolution, 1899-1919, Collins Harvel, London 1990
POLOVTSOV, General P A: Glory and Downfall, Bell, London 1935
RADKEY, Oliver H: The Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly, Harvard University Press, 1950
RADZIWILL, Princess Catherine: Secrets of Dethroned Royalty, Cassell, London, 1920
— Nicholas II: The Last of the Tsars, Cassell, London, 1931
RODZYANKO M V: The Reign of Rasputin, Philpot, London, 1927
ROSE, Kenneth: King George V, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1983
SAZONOV, Serge: Fateful Years, Jonathan Cape, London, 1928
STEINBERG, Mark D and KHRUSTALEV, Vladimir M: The Fall of the Romanovs,Yale University Press, 1995
SUKHANOV N N: The Russian Revolution, Princeton University Press, 1984