Henry the Young King, 1155-1183

by Matthew Strickland

  The New Palaeographical Society: Facsimiles of Ancient Manuscripts, ed. E. Maunde Thompson and others, first series, 2 vols (London, 1903–1912)

  Il Novellino, ed. A. Conte (Rome, 2001)

  Odo of Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem, ed. and trans. V. G. Berry (1948)

  De oorkonden van de graven van Vlaanderen (Juli 1128–17 Januari 1168), ed. T. de Hemptinne and A. Verhulst (Brussels, 1988)

  De oorkonden der graven van Vlaanderen (Juli 1168–September 1191), II. Uitgave Band II. Regering Filips van der Elzas (Eerste Deel, 1168–1177), ed. T. de Hemptinne and A. Verhulst (Brussels, 2001)

  Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, ed. M. Chibnall, 6 vols (Oxford, 1969–1980)

  Ordinances des roys de France de la troisième race, 21 vols (Paris, 1723, reprinted Farnborough, 1967–1968)

  Ottonis episcopi Frisingensis chronica sive historia de duabus civitatibus, ed. A. Hofmeister, (MGH, SRG), 45 (1912).

  Papsturkunden für Kirchen im Heiligen Lande, ed. R. Hiestand (Göttingen, 1985)

  Papsturkunden in Frankreich. II. Normandie, ed. J. Ramackers (Göttingen, 1937)

  Peter of Blois, Epistolae, Patrologia Latina, CCVII

  —— ‘Dialogus inter regem Henricum secundem ed abbatem Bonevallis’, ed. R. B. C. Huygens, Revue Bénédictine, 68 (1958), 87–112

  Philippe de Novare, Les Quatre Ages de l’homme, ed. M. de Fréville (Paris, 1888)

  The Pipe Rolls, The Great Rolls of the Pipe for the Second, Third and Fourth Years of the Reign of Henry II, 1155–1158, ed. J. Hunter (Record Commission, 1844)

  —— The Great Rolls of the Pipe of the Reign of Henry the Second, 5th to 34th years, 30 vols (Pipe Roll Society, 1884–1925)

  The Plantagenet Chronicles, ed. and trans. E. Hallam (London, 1995)

  Pleas before the King and his Justices, 1198–1212, ed. D. Stenton, 3 vols (Selden Society, 83, 1966)

  Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum, ed. J. Stevenson (Rolls Series, London, 1875)

  Radulphi Nigri Chronica, ed. R. Anstruther (London, 1851)

  Ralph of Diss, Opera Historica: The Historical Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London, ed. W. Stubbs, 2 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1876)

  Reading Abbey Cartularies, ed. B. R. Kemp, 2 vols (London, 1986–1987)

  Récits d’un ménestrel de Reims au treizième siècle, ed. N. de Wailly (Société de l’Histoire de France, Paris, 1876)

  Recueil d’annales angevines et vendômoises, ed. L. Halphen (Paris, 1903)

  Recueil des actes de Henri II, ed. L. Delisle and E. Berger, 4 vols (Paris, 1909–1917)

  Recueil des actes de Lothaire and Louis V, ed. L. Halphen and F. Lot (Paris, 1908)

  Recueil des actes de Louis VI roi de France (1108–1137), ed. R-H. Bautier and J. Dufour, 3 vols (Paris, 1992–1993)

  Recueil des actes de Philippe Ier, roi de France (1059–1108), ed. M. Prou (Paris, 1908)

  Recueil des actes de Philippe Auguste, ed. H.-F. Delaborde, C. Petit-Dutaillis, J. Boussard and M. Nortier, 5 vols (Paris, 1916–2004)

  Recueil des chroniques de Touraine, ed. A. Salmon (Tours, 1854)

  The Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. H. Hall, 3 vols (London, Rolls Series, 1896)

  Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani, ed. R. Röhricht (Innsbruck, 1893)

  Regesta regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066–1154, III, Regesta regis Stephani ac Mathildis imperatricis et Gaufridi et Henrici ducis normannorum, 1135–1154, ed. H. A. Cronne and R. H. C. Davis (Oxford, 1968)

  Regesta Regum Scottorum, I. The Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots, 1153–1165, ed. G. W. S. Barrow (Edinburgh, 1960)

  Regesta Regum Scottorum, II. The Acts of William I, King of Scots, 1165–1214, ed. G. W. S. Barrow with W. W. L. Scott (Edinburgh, 1971)

  Reginaldi monachi Dunelmensis libellus de admirandis beati Cuthberti, ed. J. Raine (Surtees Society, 1835)

  Ricardi de Cirencestria speculum historiale de gestis regum Angliae, ed. J. A. B. Mayor, 2 vols (London, 1869)

  Richer of Saint-Rémi, Histories, ed. and trans. J. Lake, 2 vols (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 2011)

  Rigord, Histoire de Philippe Auguste, ed. É. Charpentier, G. Pon and Y. Chauvin (Paris, 2006)

  Robert of Torigni, Chronique de Robert de Torigni, ed. L. Delisle, 2 vols (Rouen, 1872–1873)

  —— The Chronicle of Robert of Torigni, in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard, ed. R. Howlett, 4 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1884–1889), IV

  Roger of Howden, The Annals of Roger of Hoveden, trans. H. T. Riley, 2 vols (London, 1853)

  —— Chronica magistri Rogeri de Hoveden, ed. W. Stubbs, 4 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1868–1871)

  Roger of Wendover, The Flowers of History, ed. H. G. Hewlett, 3 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1886–1889)

  Romualdi Salernitani Chronicon, ed. C. A. Garufi (Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, Città dei Castello, 1935)

  Sazzarin, Roman de Ham, in Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d’Angleterre, ed. F. Michel (Paris, 1840)

  Select Charters and other Illustrations of English Constitutional History from the Earliest Times to the Reign of Edward the First, ed. W. Stubbs (Oxford, 9th edn, 1946)

  The Song of Dermot and the Earl, ed. G. H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892)

  The Song of Roland. An Analytical Edition, ed. G. J. Brault, 2 vols (University Park, Pa., and London, 1978)

  Stephen of Rouen, Draco Normannicus, in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I, ed. R. Howlett, 4 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1884–1889), II, 589–782

  Stevenson, J., The Church Historians of England, 8 vols (London, 1853–1858)

  Suger, Vie de Louis VI le Gros, ed. H. Waquet (Paris, 1964); trans. R. Cusimano and J. H. Moorhead, The Deeds of Louis the Fat (Washington, DC, 1992)

  Thomas Agnellus, De morte et sepultura Henrici Regis Anglie Junioris, in Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum, ed. J. Stevenson (Rolls Series, London, 1875), 265–273

  Thomas of Kent, Le Roman d’Alexandre ou Le roman de toute chevalerie, ed. C. Gaullier-Bougassas and L. Harf-Lancner (Paris, 2003)

  Thómas Saga Erkibyskups, ed. and trans. E. Magnusson, 2 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1875–1883)

  Les Tristan en vers, ed. C. Payen (Paris, 1974)

  van Caenegem, R. C., ed., English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I, 2 vols (London, 1990–1991)

  La Vie d’Édouard le Confesseur, ed. O. Södergard (Uppsala, 1948)

  Vitae B. Petri Abricensis et B. Hamonis monachorum coenobii Saviniacensis, ed. E. P. Sauvage, Analecta Bollandiana, II (1883), 500–560

  Wace, Wace’s Roman de Brut. A History of the British Text and Translation, ed. and trans. J. Weiss (Exeter, revised edn, 2002)

  —— Wace’s Roman de Rou, trans. G. S. Burgess, with the text of A. J. Holden and notes by G. S. Burgess and E. M. C. van Houts (St Helier, Jersey, 2002)

  —— The Hagiographical Works, ed. J. Blacker, G. S. Burgess and A. V. Ogden (Leiden, 2013)

  Walter Daniel, The Life of Aelred of Rievaulx by Walter Daniel, ed. F. M. Powicke (London, 1950)

  Walter Map, De Nugis Curialium, ed. and trans. M. R. James, revised by C. N. L. Brooke and R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford, 1983)

  The Warenne (Hyde) Chronicle, ed. and trans. E. M. C. van Houts and R. C. Love (Oxford, 2013)

  Widukind of Corvey, Res Gestae Saxonicae, ed. P. Hirsch and H. E. Lohmann. MGH, SS (Hanover, 1935)

  William le Breton, Gesta Philippi Augusti, in Oeuvres de Rigord et de Guillaume le Breton, ed. F. Delaborde, 2 vols (Paris, 1882)

  William of Canterbury, Miraculorum gloriosi martyris Thomae Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, in Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, ed. J. C. Robertson and J. B. Sheppard, 7 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1875–1885), I

  William of Conches, Opera omnia, I. Dragmaticon philosophiae, ed. I. Ronca (Corpus Christianorum Continuatio mediaevalis, 152: Turnhout, 1997); A Dialogue on Natural Philosophy, trans. I. Ronca and M. Curr (Notre Dame, Indi., 1997)


  William FitzStephen, Vita sancti Thomae Cantuarensis archiepiscopi et martyris, in Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, ed. J. C. Robertson, 7 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1875–1885), III, 1–154

  William of Malmesbury, Historia novella, ed. E. King and trans. K. Potter (2nd edn, Oxford, 1998)

  —— Gesta regum Anglorum, ed. R. A. B. Mynors, R. M. Thompson and M. Winterbottom, 2 vols (Oxford, 1998–1999)

  William of Newburgh, Guilielmi Neubrigensis historia … libris quinque, ed. T. Hearne, III (Oxford, 1719)

  —— Historia rerum Anglicarum, in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I, ed. R. Howlett, 4 vols (Rolls Series, London, 1884–1889), I and II

  —— The History of English Affairs, Book II, ed. and trans. P. G. Walsh and M. J. Kennedy (Oxford, 2007)

  William of Tyre, Chronique, ed. R. B. C. Huygens, 2 vols (Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio medievalis 63–63a, Turnhout, 1986), trans. E. A. Babcock and A. C. Krey, A History of Deeds Done beyond the Sea, 2 vols (New York, 1976)

  —— La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184–1187), ed. M. R. Morgan (1184–1197) (Paris, 1982)

  Secondary Works

  Abulafia, D. H., Frederick II (London, 2002)

  —— ‘Robert of Selby [Salesby] (fl. 1137–1151), administrator’, ODNB

  Ailes, A., ‘The Seal of John as Lord of Ireland and Count of Mortain’, The Coat of Arms, 117 (1981), 341–50

  —— The Origins of the Royal Arms of England (Reading, 1982)

  —— ‘Heraldry in Twelfth-Century England: The Evidence’, England in the Twelfth Century. Proceedings of the 1988 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. D. Williams (Woodbridge, 1990), 1–16

  —— ‘The Governmental Seals of Richard I’, Seals and their Context in the Middle Ages, ed. P. R. Schofield (Oxbow, 2015), 101–10

  Aird, W. M., ‘Frustrated Masculinity: The Relationship between William the Conqueror and his Eldest Son’, in Masculinity in Medieval Europe, ed. D. M. Hadley (Harlow, 1999), 39–70

  —— Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy (c. 1050–1134) (Woodbridge, 2008)

  Alexander, J. W., ‘New Evidence on the Palatinate of Chester’, EHR, 85 (1970), 717–27

  —— ‘The Alleged Palatinates of Norman England’, Speculum, 56 (1981), 17–27

  Allen, M., ‘Henry II and the English Coinage’, in Henry II. New Interpretations, ed. C. Harper-Bill and N. Vincent (Woodbridge, 2007), 257–77

  Almond, R., Medieval Hunting (Stroud, 2003)

  Althoff, G., ‘Ira Regis. Prolegomena to a History of Royal Anger’, Anger’s Past. The Social Uses of Emotion in the Middle Ages, ed. B. H. Rosenwein (Ithaca, NY, and London, 1998), 59–74

  —— Heinrich IV (Darmstadt, 2006).

  Amt, E., ‘Richard de Lucy, Henry II’s Justiciar’, Medieval Prosopography, 9 (1988), 61–87

  The Accession of Henry II in England: Royal Government Restored, 1149–1159 (Woodbridge, 1993)

  —— ‘William FitzEmpress (1136–1164)’, ODNB

  Anderson, C. B., ‘Wace’s Roman de Rou and Henry II’s Court: Character and Power’, Romance Quarterly, 47 (2000), 67–82

  Appleby, J. T., Henry II, the Vanquished King (London, 1962)

  Archer, T. A., revised E. Hallam, ‘Rosamund Clifford [called Fair Rosamund] (b. before 1140?, d. 1175/6)’, ODNB

  Arnaud, A. F., Voyage archéologique et pittoresque dans le département de l’Aube (Troyes, 1837)

  Arrignon, C., Debiès, M.-H., and Palazzo, E., Cinquante années d’études médiévales: à la confluence de nos disciplines. Actes du Colloque organisé à l’occasion du cinquantenaire du CESCM, Poitiers, 1–14 septembre 2003 (Turnhout, 2005)

  Asbridge, T., The Greatest Knight (London, 2015)

  Ashe, G., ‘The Prophecies of Merlin: Their Originality and Importance’, in Magistra Doctissima. Essays in Honour of Bonnie Wheeler, ed. D. Armstrong, A. W. Armstrong and H. Chickering (Kalamazoo, Mich., 2013), 71–9

  Ashe, L., Fiction and History in England, 1066–1200 (Cambridge, 2007)

  —— ‘William Marshal, Lancelot and Arthur: Chivalry and Kingship’, ANS, 30 (2008), 19–40

  Aubrun, M., ‘Le Prieur Geoffroy du Vigeois et sa chronique’, Revue Mabillon, 58 (1974), 313–25

  Aurell, M., ed., La Cour Plantagenêt (1154–1204). Actes du Colloque tenu à Thouars du 30 Avril au 2 mai 1999, (Poitiers, 2000)

  —— ‘Aux origines de la légende noire d’Aliénor d’Aquitaine’, in Royautés imaginaires (XIIe–XIVe siècles), ed. A-H. Allirot, G. Lecuppre and L. Scordia (Turnhout, 2005), 89–102

  —— L’Empire des Plantagenêt, 1154–1254 (Paris, 2003), trans. D. Crouch, The Plantagenet Empire (Harlow, 2007)

  —— ‘Henry II and Arthurian Legend’, Henry II: New Interpretations, ed. C. Harper-Bill and N. Vincent (woodbidge, 2007), 362–94

  —— La Légende du Roi Arthur 550–1250 (Mesnil-sur-l’Estrée, 2007)

  —— Le Chevalier lettré: savoir et conduite de l’aristocratie au XII et XIIIe siècles (Paris, 2011)

  Aurell, M. and Tonnerre, N.-Y., eds, Plantagenéts et Capétiens: confrontations et héritages (Brepols, 2006)

  Bachrach, B. S., ‘Henry II and the Angevin Tradition of Family Hostility’, Albion, 16 (1984), 111–30

  —— ‘The Pilgrimages of Fulk Nerra, count of the Angevins, 987–1040’, in Religion, Culture and Society in the Early Middle Ages (Studies in Medieval Culture, xxiii, Kalamazoo, Mich., 1987), 205–17

  —— ‘L’Art de guerre angevin’, Plantagenêts et Capétiens: confrontations et héritages, ed. M. Aurell and N. Y. Tonnerre (Brépols, 2006), 267–84

  Backhouse, J. and De Hamel, C., The Becket Leaves (London, 1988)

  Bak, J., ed., Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual (Berkeley, 1990)

  Baldwin, J., ‘Qu’est-ce les Capétiens ont appris des Plantagenêts?’, CCM, 29 (1986), 3–8

  The Government of Philip Augustus (Berkeley, 1986)

  Barber, R., Henry Plantagenet: a Biography (Woodbridge, 1964)

  Barber, R. and Barker, J., Tournaments. Jousts, Chivalry and Pageants in the Middle Ages (Woodbridge, 1989)

  Barker, J., The Tournament in England, 1100–1400 (Woodbridge, 1986)

  Barlow, F., ‘The English, Norman and French Councils Called to Deal with the Papal Schism of 1159’, EHR, 51 (1936), 264–8

  —— ‘The King’s Evil’, EHR, 95 (1980), 3–27

  —— William Rufus (London, 1983)

  —— Thomas Becket (London, 1986)

  —— ‘Herbert of Bosham (d. c.1194)’, ODNB

  Barraclough, G., The Earldom and County Palatinate of Chester (Oxford, 1984)

  Barrière, B., ‘Une agglomération double (XIe–XIIe siècles), in Histoire de Limoges, ed. L. Pérouas (Toulouse, 1989), 61–82

  —— ‘The Limousin and Limoges in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries’, in Enamels of Limoges, 1100–1350, ed. J. P. O’Neil (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1996), 22–32

  Barron, C., London in the Later Middle Ages. Government and People, 1200–1500 (Oxford, 2004)

  Barrow, G. W. S., ‘The Reign of William the Lion, king of Scotland’, Historical Studies, 7 (1969), 21–44, reprinted in G. W. S. Barrow, Scotland and its Neighbours in the Middle Ages (London: Hambledon, 1992), 67–90

  —— ‘The Scots and the North of England’, The Anarchy of King Stephen’s Reign, ed. E. King (Oxford, 1994), 231–53

  —— ‘King David I, Earl Henry and Cumbria’, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, new series, 49 (1999), 117–22.

  Barthélemy, D., La Chevalerie: de la Germanie antique à la France du xiie siècle (Paris, 2007)

  —— ‘Les origines du tournoi chevaleresque’, Agôn: le compétition, Ve-XIIe siècles, ed. F. Bougard, R. Le Jan and T. Leinhard (Turnhout, 2012), 112–29

  Bartlett, R., England under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075–1225 (Oxford, 2000)

  —— ‘Political Prophecy in Ge
rald of Wales’, Culture politique des Plantagenêt (1154–1224), ed. M. Aurell (Poitiers, 2003), 303–11

  —— Gerald of Wales, 1146–1223 (Oxford, 1982), republished as Gerald of Wales. A Voice of the Middle Ages (Stroud, 2006)

  Barton, R. E., ‘A “Zealous Anger” and the Regeneration of Aristocratic Relationships in Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century France’, Anger’s Past. The Social Uses of Emotion in the Middle Ages, ed. B. H. Rosenwein (Ithaca, NY, and London, 1998), 153–70

  —— ‘Between the King and the Dominus; the Seneschals of Plantagenet Maine and Anjou’, Les Seigneuries dans l’espace Plantagenêt (c. 1150–c.1250), ed. M. Aurell and F. Boutoulle (Bordeaux, 2009), 139–62

  —— ‘Emotions and Power in Orderic Vitalis’, ANS, 33 (2010), 41–60

  Bate, K., ‘Joseph of Exeter [Canterbury], poet (fl. c.1180–1194)’, ODNB

  Bates, D., ‘The Rise and Fall of Normandy, c.911 to 1204’, England and Normandy in the Middle Ages, ed. D. Bates and A. Curry (London, 1994), 19–35

  —— ‘The Prosopographical Study of Anglo-Norman Royal Charters’, Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century, ed. K. S. B. Keats-Rohan (Woodbridge, 1997), 89–102

  —— ‘The Conqueror’s Adolescence’, ANS, 35 (2002), 1–18

  —— Writing Medieval Biography, 750–1250: Essays in Honour of Professor Frank Barlow, ed. D. Bates, J. Crick and S. Hamilton (Woodbridge, 2006)

  —— ‘Anger, Emotion and a Biography of William the Conqueror’, Gender and Historiography: Studies in the Earlier Middle Ages in Honour of Pauline Stafford, ed. J. L. Nelson, S. Reynolds and S. M. Johns (London, 2012), 21–33

  Bateson, M. et al., Records of the Borough of Leicester, 7 vols (London, 1899–1974)

  Baudry, M.-P., Châteaux ‘Romans’ en Poitou-Charente (La Crèche, 2011)

  Baume, A., ‘Le Document et le terrain: la trace du système défensif normand au XIIe siècle’, 1204: La Normandie entre Plantagenêts et Capétiens, ed. A.-M. Flambard-Héricher and V. Gazeau (Caen, 2007), 93–112

  Baumgartner, E., ‘Trouvères et losengiers’, CCM, 25 (1982), 171–8

  Bautier, R.-H., ed., La France de Philippe Auguste. Le temps des mutations (Paris, 1982)