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Photo Credits
p. 7 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-123822
p. 32 The Granger Collection, New York
p. 34 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-119898
p. 58 The Andrew J. Theising Research Collection; the Bowen Archives of Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville
p. 75 St. Louis Post-Dispatch
p. 76 The Andrew J. Theising Research Collection; the Bowen Archives of Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville
p. 89 The Andrew J. Theising Research Collection; the Bowen Archives of Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville
p. 90 The Andrew J. Theising Research Collection; the Bowen Archives of Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville
p. 99 The Andrew J. Theising Research Collection; the Bowen Archives of Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville
p. 111 St. Louis Post-Dispatch
p. 130 Chicago History Museum, DN-0068363
p. 142 St. Louis Post-Dispatch
p. 170 Illinois National Guard
p. 178 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-19862.
p. 188 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Visual Materials from the NAACP Records, LC-USZ62-33789.
p. 190 Madam C. J. Walker Collection, Indiana Historical Society
p. 191 St. Louis Post-Dispatch
p. 196 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-50377
p. 242 Larry Williams, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
BY THE SAME AUTHOR
Blue Monday
Standing on a Volcano: The Life and Times of David Rowland Francis
A Note on the Author
Harper Barnes is a longtime editor and cultural critic for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. He edited the Boston Phoenix and also has written for the Atlantic Monthly, Rolling Stone, and the Washington Post. Barnes is author of Blue Monday, a historical novel, and Standing on a Volcano: The Life and Times of David Rowland Francis, a biography. He lives in St. Louis with his wife, Roseann Weiss, and enjoys bicycling, canoeing, and fishing in the nearby Ozarks.
Copyright © 2008 by Harper Barnes
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without
written permission from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles
or reviews. For information address Walker & Company, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Published by Walker Publishing Company, Inc., New York
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Barnes, Harper, 1937–
Never been a time : the 1917 race riot that sparked the civil rights movement / Harper
Barnes.—1st U.S. ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8027-1575-3 (hardcover)
1. East Saint Louis (Ill.)—Race relations—History—20th century. 2. East Saint Louis (Ill.)—
Social conditions—20th century. 3. Race riots—Illinois—East Saint Louis—History—20th
century. 4. Violence—Illinois—East Saint Louis—History—20th century. 5. African
Americans—Illinois—East Saint Louis—Social conditions—20th century. 6. African
Americans—Crimes against—Illinois—East Saint Louis—History—20th century. 7. African
Americans—Civil rights—Illinois—East Saint Louis—History—20th century.
I. Title.
F549.E2B37 2008
977.3’89—dc22
2008000368
First published in the U.S. by Walker Publishing Company in 2008
This e-book edition published in 2011
E-book ISBN: 978-0-8027-7974-8
Visit Walker & Company’s Web site at www.walkerbooks.com
Never Been a Time Page 33