by John Garth
d’Ardenne, S. R. T. O., ‘The Man and the Scholar’, in J. R. R. Tolkien, Scholar and Storyteller: Essays in memoriam, ed. Mary Salu and Robert T. Farrell (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1979).
Dorman, J. E., Guardians of the Humber: The Humber defences 1856-1956 (Hull: Humberside Leisure Services, 1990).
Douie, Charles, The Weary Road: Recollections of a subaltern of infantry (John Murray, 1929).
Earle, John, The Deeds of Beowulf: An English epic of the eighth century done into modern prose (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1892).
Ekwall, Eilert, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936).
Eliot, C. N. E., A Finnish Grammar (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1890).
English School Association, Leeds, A Northern Venture: Verses by members of the Leeds University English School Association (Leeds: The Swan Press, 1923).
—Leeds University Verse 1914-24 (Leeds: The Swan Press, 1924).
Ensor, Sir Robert, England 1870-1914 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936).
Farnell, Lewis R., An Oxonian Looks Back (Martin Hopkinson, 1934).
Ferguson, Niall, The Pity of War (Penguin, 1999).
Flieger, Verlyn, A Question of Time: Tolkien’s road to Faërie (Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1997).
Fussell, Paul, The Great War and Modern Memory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975).
Gibbs, Philip, Now It Can Be Told (New York: Harper, 1920).
Gibson, R. H., and Prendergast, Maurice, The German Submarine War 1914-1918 (Constable, 1931).
Gilbert, Martin, The First World War (HarperCollins, 1995).
Gilliver, Peter M., ‘At the Wordface’, Proceedings of the J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference, ed. Patricia Reynolds and Glen GoodKnight (Milton Keynes and Altadena: The Tolkien Society and the Mythopoeic Press, 1995).
Gilson, Christopher, ‘“Narqelion” and the Early Lexicons: Some Notes on the First Elvish Poem’, Vinyar Tengwar 40 (Crofton, 1999).
Gliddon, Gerald, When the Barrage Lifts (Leo Cooper, 1990).
Graves, Robert, Fairies and Fusiliers (William Heinemann, 1917).
—Good-bye to All That (Jonathan Cape, 1929). References are to the Penguin edition, 1960.
Grein, C. W. M., 2nd edition of R. P. Wülcker, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie (Kassel/Leipzig: Georg H. Wigand, 1881-3).
Grimm, Jacob, Teutonic Mythology, tr. J. S. Stallybrass (George Bell & Sons, 1883).
Haggard, Henry Rider, She: A history of adventure (Longmans, Green, 1887). References are to the Penguin Classics edition, 2001.
Hammond, Wayne G., and Scull, Christina, J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and illustrator (HarperCollins, 1995) [Artist].
Hammond, Wayne G., with Anderson, Douglas A., J. R. R. Tolkien: A descriptive bibliography (New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Books, 1993).
Hayter, P. D. G. (ed.), Charlton and Newbottle: A history of two villages (Charlton and Newbottle History Society, 2000).
Heath, Charles H., Service Record of King Edward’s School, Birmingham (Birmingham: Cornish Brothers Ltd, 1920; with additions and corrections, 1931).
The Historical Register of the University of Cambridge, Supplement, 1911-20 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922).
Hostetter, Carl F., and Smith, Arden R., ‘A Mythology for England’, Proceedings of the J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference, ed. Patricia Reynolds and Glen GoodKnight (Milton Keynes and Altadena: The Tolkien Society and the Mythopoeic Press, 1995).
Hostetter, Carl F., ‘Over Middle-earth Sent Unto Men: On the Philological Origins of Tolkien’s Eärendel Myth’, Mythlore 65 (Spring 1991).
—introduction to Tolkien’s ‘The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor’, Vinyar Tengwar 42 (Crofton 2001).
How, A. B., Register of Exeter College Oxford 1891-1921 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1928).
Hutchinson, Harold F., London Transport Posters (London Transport Board, 1963).
Hutton, T. W., King Edward’s School, Birmingham, 1552-1952 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1952).
Hyde, Paul Nolan, ‘Narqelion: A Single, Falling Leaf at Sun-fading’, Mythlore 56 (Altadena, 1988).
Hynes, Samuel, A War Imagined: The First World War and English culture (The Bodley Head, 1990).
James, Lt.-Col. Lionel, DSO, The History of King Edward’s Horse (The King’s Oversea Dominions Regiment) (Sifton, Praed and Co., 1921).
Jenkyns, Richard, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Oxford: Blackwell, 1980).
Keegan, John, The Face of Battle (Pimlico, 1991).
Kincaid-Smith, Lt.-Col. M., The 25th Division in France and Flanders (Harrison & Sons, 1918).
Kirby, William Forsell (ed.), Kalevala (Everyman, 1907).
Lang, Andrew (ed.), The Red Fairy Book (Longmans, 1890).
References are to the Dover edition (New York, 1966).
Latter, Major-General J. C., The History of the Lancashire Fusiliers, 1914-1918, 2 vols. (Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1949) [Latter, Lancashire Fusiliers; all references are to vol. i unless otherwise stated].
Lee, Sir Sidney, and Boas, F. S. (eds.), The Year’s Work in English Studies, vol. iv: 1923 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1924).
Lewis, Cecil, Sagittarius Rising (Peter Davies, 1936).
Lewis, C. S., ‘The Dethronement of Power’, Time & Tide 36 (22 October 1955); reprinted in Isaacs and Zimbardo, Tolkien and the Critics (Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968).
—‘Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings’, in C. S. Lewis, Essay Collection: Literature, philosophy and short stories (HarperCollins, 2002).
Lewis, W. H., Letters of C. S. Lewis (Geoffrey Bles, 1966).
Lightwood, James T., The Music of the Methodist Hymn Book (Epworth, 1955).
Lucas, F. L., Tragedy: Serious drama in relation to Aristotle’s Poetics (Hogarth Press, 1927).
Macaulay, Lord, Lays of Ancient Rome (Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1842). References are to Lays of Ancient Rome and Miscellaneous Essays and Poems (Dent, 1910).
Macdonald, Alexander, The Lost Explorers (Blackie & Son, 1907).
MacDonald, George, The Complete Fairy Tales (Penguin, 1999).
—The Princess and the Goblin (Strahan, 1872).
Macdonald, Lyn, The Somme (Michael Joseph, 1983).
Machen, Arthur, ‘The Bowmen’, London Evening News (29 September 1914).
Mallory, J. P., In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology and Myth (Thames & Hudson, 1991).
Manning, Frederic, The Middle Parts of Fortune (Piazza Press, 1929). References are to the Penguin edition, 1990.
Marder, Arthur J., From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, vol. iii. Jutland and After: May 1916-December 1916 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966).
Marsh, Edward (ed.), Georgian Poetry (Poetry Bookshop, 1913).
Martineau, Jane (ed.), Victorian Fairy Painting (Royal Academy of Art and Merrell Holberton, 1997).
Masefield, John, The Old Front Line; or, the beginning of the battle of the Somme (William Heinemann, 1917).
Middlebrook, Martin, The First Day on the Somme (Penguin, 1984).
Miles, G. T. J., and Richardson, William, A History of Withernsea (Hull: A. Brown & Sons, 1911).
Miles, Wilfrid, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916. 2nd July to the end of the battles of the Somme, vol. i (Macmillan, 1938). (Part of the History of the Great War based on Official Documents.)
Mitchinson, K. W., Pioneer Battalions in the Great War (Leo Cooper, 1997).
Morris Jones, J., A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913).
Morris, Richard, An Old English Miscellany (Early English Text Society, 1872).
Murphy, C. C. R., History of the Suffolk Regiment (Hutchinson, 1928).
Norman, Philip, ‘The Hobbit Man’, Sunday Times Magazine (15 January 1967), 34-6.
Owen, Wilfred, The Collected Poems of Wilfred Owen, ed. C. Day Lewis (Chatto & Windus, 1963).
Parker, Peter, The Old Lie: The Great War and the
public-school ethos (Constable, 1987).
Peacock, Dr A. J., ‘A Rendezvous with Death’, Gun Fire 5 (York: Western Front Association, 1986).
Pearce, Hilda, The Navy Book of Fairy Tales (J. J. Bennett, 1916).
Phillips, J., Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. Part i: The Yorkshire coast (John Murray, 1875).
Priestley, J. B., The Edwardians (Heinemann, 1970). References are to the Penguin edition, 2000.
Priestman, Judith, J. R. R. Tolkien: Life and Legend (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1992).
Purkiss, Diane, Troublesome Things (Penguin, 2001).
Rateliff, John D., ‘The Lost Road, The Dark Tower, and the Notion Club Papers: Tolkien and Lewis’s Time Travel Triad’, in Verlyn Flieger and Carl F. Hostetter (eds.), Tolkien’s Legendarium: Essays on ‘The History of Middle-earth’ (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000).
Ross, Sir John, The Coldstream Guards, 1914-1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1928).
Sassoon, Siegfried, The Complete Memoirs of George Sherston (Faber & Faber, 1937). References are to the 1972 Faber edition.
—The War Poems, ed. Rupert Hart-Davis (Faber & Faber, 1983).
Sheppard, Thomas, Kingston-Upon-Hull Before, During and After the Great War (London and Hull: A. Brown & Sons, 1919).
Shippey, Tom, J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century (HarperCollins, 2000).
—The Road to Middle-earth (HarperCollins, 1992).
—‘Tolkien and the West Midlands: The Roots of Romance’ in Lembas Extra 1995 (Leiden: Tolkien Genootschap Unquendor, 1995).
Simkins, Peter, Kitchener’s Army: The raising of the new armies, 1914-16 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988).
Skeat, Walter W. (ed.), The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 5 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, Oxford 1894).
Smith, A. H., The Place-names of the East Riding of Yorkshire and York (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1937).
Smith, G. B., A Spring Harvest, ed. (uncredited) by J. R. R. Tolkien and Christopher Wiseman (Erskine Macdonald, 1918).
Smyth, Major B., The Lancashire Fusiliers’ Annual 1916 and 1917 (Dublin: Sackville Press, 1917 and 1918).
Solano, E. J. (ed.), Signalling: Morse, Semaphore, Station Work, Despatch Riding, Telephone Cables, Map Reading, 4th edition (John Murray, December 1915).
Stedman, Michael, Salford Pals: 15th, 16th, 19th and 20th Battalions Lancashire Fusiliers (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books, 1993).
—Somme: La Boisselle, Ovillers/Contalmaison (Leo Cooper, 1997).
—Somme: Thiepval (Leo Cooper, 1995).
Strachan, Huw, The First World War. Volume i: To Arms (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
Taylor, A. J. P., English History 1914-1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965).
Thwaite, Ann, A. A. Milne: His life (Faber & Faber, 1990).
Tolkien, John and Priscilla, The Tolkien Family Album (HarperCollins, 1992) [Family Album].
Tolkien, Priscilla, ‘J. R. R. Tolkien and Edith Tolkien’s Stay in Staffordshire 1916, 1917 and 1918’, Angerthas in English 3 (Bergen: Arthedain [The Tolkien Society of Norway], 1997).
Topliffe, Lorise, ‘Tolkien as an Undergraduate’, Exeter College Association Register (Oxford 1992).
Trott, Anthony, No Place for Fop or Idler: The story of King Edward’s School, Birmingham (James & James, 1992).
Van De Noort, Robert, and Ellis, Stephen (eds.), Wetlands Heritage of Holderness: An archaeological survey (Kingston-upon-Hull: University of Hull, 1995).
Whitehouse, C. J. and G. P., A Town for Four Winters: An original study of military camps on Cannock Chase during the Great War, 1914-19 (published by the authors, 1983).
Winter, Denis, Death’s Men: Soldiers of the Great War (Penguin, 1979).
Winter, Jay, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
Winter, J. M., The Great War and the British People (Macmillan, 1986).
—‘Oxford and the First World War’ in Brian Harrison (ed.), The History of the University of Oxford. Volume viii: The Twentieth Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994).
Wiseman, Christopher Luke, eponymous memoir, Old Edwardians Gazette (April 1988), 22, 24.
Wright, Elizabeth Mary, The Life of Joseph Wright (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1932).
Wynne, Patrick, and Smith, Arden R., ‘Tolkien and Esperanto’, in Barbara Reynolds (ed.), Seven: An Anglo-American Literary Review, 17 (Wheaton, Illinois, 2000).
Yates, Jessica, ‘“The Battle of the Eastern Field”: A Commentary’, Mallorn 13 (The Tolkien Society, 1979).
D: Periodicals
Amon Hen: bulletin of the Tolkien Society of Great Britain. No. 13 includes an unsigned ‘Oxonmoot ‘74 Report’ describing a conversation with Priscilla and Michael Tolkien.
Gun Fire: journal of First World War history, ed. Dr A. J. Peacock (York).
King Edward’s School Chronicle [KESC].
Mallorn: journal of the Tolkien Society of Great Britain.
Old Edwardians Gazette [OEG].
The Oxford Magazine.
Parma Eldalamberon, ed. Christopher Gilson, Carl F. Hostetter, Patrick Wynne, and Arden R. Smith. No. 11 (Walnut Creek, California, 1995) contains Tolkien’s ‘I·Lam na·Ngoldathon: The Grammar and Lexicon of the Gnomish Tongue’; no. 12 (Cupertino, California, 1998) contains his ‘Qenyaqetsa: The Qenya Phonology and Lexicon’ and ‘The Poetic and Mythologic Words of Eldarissa’; no. 13 (Cupertino, 2001) contains a series of ‘Early Noldorin Fragments’, as well as Tolkien’s notes on ‘The Alphabet of Rúmil’ (ed. Arden R. Smith), in which he wrote his diary from early 1919.
The Stapeldon Magazine: journal of Exeter College, Oxford.
Vinyar Tengwar: journal of the Elvish Linguistic Fellowship, ed. Carl F. Hostetter (Crofton, Maryland).
E: Service records, war diaries and other official papers
Public Record Office reference follows in parentheses. In addition to the day-to-day summaries of events, war diaries contain invaluable official records, including orders, intelligence, and communications.
J. R. R. Tolkien’s service record (WO 339/34423).
G. B. Smith’s service record (WO 339/28936).
R. Q. Gilson’s service record (WO 339/29720).
Service records of T. K. Barnsley (WO 339/12939) and R. S. Payton (WO 339/16911), formerly of the TCBS; Roger Smith (WO 339/42691); and various 11th Lancashire Fusiliers officers.
War diaries of the 11th Lancashire Fusiliers, 13th Cheshires, 9th Loyal North Lancashires and 2nd Royal Irish Rifles (WO 95/2246-7); 74th Brigade HQ (2245); 25th Division HQ (2222-4), adjutant and administrative staff (2228), and signal company (2238). Also those of the 7th Brigade (2241), 8th Loyal North Lancashires and 10th Cheshires (2243); 144th Brigade (2757), 1/4th Gloucesters (2758) and 1/7th Worcesters (2759); 143rd Brigade (2754) and 1/5th Warwickshires (2755).
‘Communications in the 25th Division from 1st July to 23rd October 1916’ (part of WO 95/2222).
19th Lancashire Fusiliers war diary (WO 95/2785).
War diaries of the 11th Suffolks (WO 95/2458), 101st Brigade (WO 95/2455), and 34th Division (WO 95/2432).
Weekly return of the British Army (WO 114/33-5).
Monthly Army returns (WO 73/100, WO 73/102).
Quarterly Army Lists, 1915-16 (WO 66).
Commonwealth War Graves Commission [CWGC].
F: Miscellaneous
Essay Club minutes (courtesy of Exeter College, Oxford).
Exeter College library register (courtesy of Exeter College, Oxford).
Sibley, Brian, J. R. R. Tolkien: An audio portrait (BBC Worldwide, 2001).
Stapeldon Society minutes (courtesy of Exeter College, Oxford).
Sundial Society minutes (courtesy of Corpus Christi College, Oxford).
Index
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
Items
from Tolkien’s early mythology are briefly defined (rather than translated) in parentheses. For abbreviations, see p. 315.
Due to the current limitations of the digital conversion process, it has not been possible to accurately convert some of the specially accented words in this text.
Abbeville, France 148
Abercrombie, Lascelles 64
Acheux, France 179
Ælfwine 278
Æschylus 25, 30
Ainur (‘gods’ or angels) 125, 254-5, 275, 306
Music of the Ainur 254-6, 275-6, 301, 304, 306
Aisne, Battle of the (1918) 247
Alalminórë (Warwickshire) 107, 126
Albert, King of Belgium 49
Albert, France 46, 112, 146, 151, 162, 169, 199
Aldershot camp (1910) 24
Aldington, Richard 311
Alfred, King 229
George Allen & Unwin (publishers) 282-3
Altham, Abraham Clifford (11th LF intelligence officer) 171, 172
Amiens, France 146, 148
Amillion (February) 128fn.
Amillo (a Vala) 126, 128 and fn., 257fn.
Ancre River/valley, France 158, 159, 161, 162, 172, 178, 191
Ancrene Riwle (Middle English religious text) 51
Andersen, Hans Christian 13
Angaino (a giant) 127
Angamandos (hell) 127; see also Angband Angband 263-4, 266, 268; hell 221-2
angels 113, 220, 255, 256, 277; see also Ainur, Valar
‘Angel(s) of Mons’ 85-6
Anglo-Saxons 42, 52, 95-6, 98, 106, 229, 234; Angles 243
language see Old English
and Tolkien’s mythology 46, 53, 96, 97, 225, 256, 278
Animalic (invented language) 225
Annwn (Welsh Otherworld) 107
Antwerp 48
Apolausticks (Exeter College club) 31, 36
Arden (11th LF batman) 171
Aristophanes 18
Armentières, France 117
Army, British see individual units
Fifth 199, 200
Second 199
Arnold, Matthew 281
Arras, Battle of (1917) 234, 311
Artanor (faëry woodland realm) 261, 265, 266, 267, 271-2
Arthur, King 32, 122