Chaulet, Madame, 208
Chaulet, Pierre, 139, 16, 186, 208, 211, 252, 399
Chaussade, Pierre, 285
Chekroun, Jacob, 411
Chentouf, Abderrazak, 50
Chérif, Mahmoud, 225–6, 228–9
Chérif, Si, 223
Cherrière, Paul (“Babar”), 96, 100, 102, 107, 113–14
Chevalier, Jacques, 57–8, 76, 87, 97, 107, 110, 123–4, 147, 156–7, 531, 554
Chevreul, 26
Chicago, 496
Chihani, Bachir, 89, 91–2, 103, 124, 135, 142
Chile, 206
China, 247, 316–17, 404–5, 540; see also Peking
Chréa, 52, 93
Churchill, Winston S., 46, 219, 280, 311, 369n
C.I.A. (United States Central Intelligence Agency), 242, 445–6, 497–8, 547
Cinquième Bureau, 291, 305–6, 314, 347, 353–5, 360, 373, 404
Clark, Michael K., 130, 138–9, 192, 244, 290, 297, 321
Clemenceau, Georges, 31, 68, 154, 444
Clos Salembier, 79, 137
Clostermann, Pierre, 114
C.N.R. (Conseil National de la Résistance), 543n, 544
C.N.R.A. (Conseil National de la Révolution (Algérienne), 141, 145, 226, 328, 385–6, 388, 404, 411–12, 477–8, 487, 519, 536
Cochet, Eugène, 90
“collective responsibility”, 113–15, 117, 119, 123–4
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, 279, 292, 294, 296, 365, 441n, 500
Combat, 124, 126
Combattants de la Libération, 137–8
Committee of Public Safety (Algiers), 286–8, 292, 294, 300–9, 313, 420
“Common Front for the Defence and Respect of Liberty”, 75
communes: de plein exercice, 33; mixtes, 33–4, 69, 97, 108, 140, 156
Communist Party, Algerian, see P.C.A.
Communist Party, French, see P.C.F.
Compagnie Algérienne, 360
Compagnie Genevoise, 24, 31
conquest of Algeria, 29–30; centenary of, 36
conscription, conscripts, 151–2, 231, 457, 462
Constantine, 33, 72, 86, 90, 111, 113, 117–19, 122–4, 142, 144, 166, 172, 192, 225, 305–7, 320, 323, 337–8, 411, 449, 452, 454, 456–7, 474, 564
Constantine Plan, 340–1, 305, 307, 310, 355, 395, 421, 423, 479, 521
cork industry, etc., 57, 94, 155, 336
Cornut-Gentille, Bernard, 498
Corsica, 273, 294–5, 549, 551
Coty, René, 233, 258, 282, 287–8, 294, 295–8, 313, 542
Coulet, François, 175–6, 16, 167, 177, 198, 268, 383, 426, 447, 455, 459, 488
counter-terrorists, 148, 184; see also F.N.F., O.A.S., “ultras”
Courrier de la Colère, 275
Courrière, Yves, 17, 114, 132, 195, 201–2, 211n, 228–9, 257, 350, 356, 397, 483, 519, 525, 545
Crédit Foncier d’Algérie et de Tunisie, 56
Crémieux Decrees, 36, 58–9
Crépin, General, 382, 363–4, 383, 422, 424, 426, 433, 454
Crimea, 169
Cros, Vitalis, 535–6, 529, 531
Crozier, Brian, 281
C.R.S. (Compagnies Républicaines de Securité), 149–50, 285, 294–6, 361, 427–9, 431, 490, 516, 523
C.R.U.A. (Comité Révolutionnaire d’Unité et d’Action), 76–8, 83–5, 94, 110, 129, 145
Cuba, 178, 244, 406, 446
Curiel, Henri, 554
Cyprus, 163, 165, 330
Czechoslovakia, 263
Dahlab, Saad, 145, 208, 225–6, 386, 461, 468, 473, 477, 510–11, 519
Daily Express, 432
Daladier, Edouard, 297
Daniel, Jean, 536
Darlan, François, 42
Darneau, Gérard, 91
Dauvergne, Léon, 440
David, Jean, 129
Debaghine, Lamine, 143, 226, 316
Debray, Régis, 406
Debré, Michel, 274; thanked, 18; and Faure conspiracy, 180; and “bazooka” conspiracy, 182, 542; and de Gaulle’s return, 276, 292; in his cabinet, 300; and Delouvrier, 310; on Algerian war, 331; at odds with de Gaulle, 342, 347; and Challe, 346, 353, 442; visits Algiers, 364–5, 421–2; offers resignation, 366, 423; and Salan, 370; as de Gaulle’s front on Algeria, 378–9; and Wilaya 4, 389; quoted at “Barricades Trial”, 417; wage policy, 436; and putsch, 445; broadcasts to France, 456; and Bitterlin, 494; and O.A.S., 503, 526; and Sahara, 506, 511; fears reaction to “Yéti” agreement 515; resigns, 523; on France, 548
Debrosse, Lieutenant-Colonel, 360–3, 491
Dechyma, 71
Defferre, Gaston, 151, 233
Degueldre, Roger, 437, 482–3, 486–9, 491–5, 498, 501, 513, 524, 527–8, 543, 553
Delavignette, Robert, 233
Delbecque, Léon, 274, 276–8, 280, 283, 287–9, 294, 300, 498–9
Délégations Financières, 33, 43
Deleplanque, Jean, 89–91, 117
Delouvrier, Paul, 310; and Challe, 311, 332–3; de Gaulle criticises over torture, 339; and Constantine Plan, 340–1, 395; and Algérie française, 347, 378; and Gardes, 354, 361; releases terror figures, 352; growing isolation, 355–6; and sacking of Massu, 358; on crutches, 364; relations with de Gaulle, 365, 377, 383; withdraws from Algiers, 367–8, 375, 424; receives loyalty of army units, 369–70; negotiates surrender, 371–2; and Godard, 373; and “ultras”, 417; and Salan’s return, 418–19; and Jouhaud’s return, 420; his predicament worsens, 421–2; resigns, 423; plans to capture, 426; later career, 554
“Delta Commandos”, 483, 486–8, 491, 493–5, 501, 513, 517, 523–4, 527–9, 531, 543
Denmark, 475
Denoix de Saint-Marc, Élie, 438, 447–8, 453, 458, 462
Denoix de Saint-Marc, Madame, 447
Dépêche Algérienne, 57
Dépêche Quotidienne, 97
Deuxième Bureau, 88, 96, 124, 142–3, 178, 208, 354, 382, 526
Dides, Jean, 499
Didouche, Mourad, 76–7, 87, 104, 118–19,
Dien Bien Phu, 67–8, 78, 89, 102, 166, 168–9, 175–6, 189, 218, 266, 268, 376, 434, 483
Dimanche Matin, 283
Dina (royal yacht), 130, 327
Distillerie d’Algérie, 57
Djelfa, 72
Djellal, 112
Djemila, 23
Djeurf, 142
Djidjelli, 26, 140
Djillali, Belhadj (Kobus), 257
Djurdjura, 45, 48, 152, 335, 347
D.O.P. (Détachement Opérationnel de Protection), 199
Dos Passos, John, 420
Douglas, Lord Alfred, 46
Douglas dive-bombers, 26
Dovecar, Bobby, 483, 486, 491
D.P.U. (Dispositif de Protection Urbaine), 189, 209, 259, 484
Dra-El-Mizam, 77
Drif, Zohra, 185, 184, 186, 193, 213, 215–217, 555
D.S.T. (Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire), 76, 257, 416
Duclos, Jacques, 297
Ducournau, Colonel, 102–3, 118–19, 121, 159, 167, 275, 285, 287
Dufour, Henri, 347, 362–3, 370–1, 374, 426–7, 438, 532
Duguay-Trouin (cruiser), 26
Dulles, John Foster, 67, 243, 246–7
Dupuch, Pierre, 90, 117
Dupuy, Maurice, 112, 117–18
Dutourd, Jean: Les Taxis de la Marne, 176
Duval, General, 28
Duval, Léon, 153
economic growth, 558–9, 560
Écho d’Alger, 28, 47, 57–8, 148, 269, 277, 282–3, 306, 347, 352, 371, 554
Écho d’Oran 341
E.D.C. (European Defence Community), 67–8, 99
Eden, Anthony, 162–3, 311
education, 29, 60–1, 155, 403–4, 421
Edwards, Michael, 17
Egypt, 67, 85, 129, 158, 161–4, 264, 247; see also Cairo
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 46, 67, 161, 247, 312, 383, 553
elections and referendums: in Algeria, 33, 70–3, 108, 156, 304–5, 408, 434–435, 531; in France, 124, 126, 434
–5, 528–9
El-Halia, 120–1, 144
Eliane 1 (bastion), 168
Elizabeth II, Queen, 364
El-Kantara, 48
El-Milia, 119
Elsenhans, Hartmut: Frankreichs Algerienkrieg, 539
Ely, Paul, 281, 290, 292, 309, 358, 374
Enghien, Duc d’, 459n, 543–4
England, see Great Britain
Étoile Nord-Africaine, 39, 409
Evian, 57, 136, 447, 466–8, 470–7, 480, 486, 505–6, 510–12, 515, 518–20, 536, 547n
Evian Agreements, 520–3, 528–9, 531, 533, 537, 540, 550, 554
Ewart-Biggs, Christopher, 16
Express, L’, 125–6, 203, 232, 466, 501, 542
Eydoux, Henri-Paul, 133
F.A.F. (Front de l’Algérie Française), 418–421, 425, 427–33, 437, 441, 484
Fanon, Frantz, 139, 135, 140, 151, 206, 221, 232, 251, 400–2, 404, 535, 559
Farès, Abderrahmane, 308, 319, 528, 531–532, 537
Faulkner, William, 54
Faure, Edgar, 107, 66, 108, 112, 116, 123–124, 126, 151–2
Faure, Jacques, 180–1, 274, 343, 360, 373, 438, 441–2, 444, 454
Fauvet, Jacques, 306, 333, 445
Favrod, Charles-Henri, 51, 57, 303
Fechoz, Michel, 182, 440
“federalism”, 123
Fédération de France, 236–7
Federation of Algerian Mayors, 58, 181, 187
Feraoun, Mouloud, 83, 208, 211, 220, 323, 376, 402–3, 417n, 430, 507, 513, 517–18, 520
Ferradj, Abdelkader, 153, 183, 185
Ferrandi, Jean, 420, 440, 453, 481–2, 489, 517n, 527–8
Ferry, Jules, 31
Figaro, Le, 221, 233, 242–3, 284, 297, 339, 501
films: La Battaglia di Algeri, 15, 167, 185n,555; news, 115, 122; banned, 116; “Donald Duck”, 403n; nouvelle vague, 415
First World War, 12, 187–8, 264, 349, 412
Flanner, Janet, 66, 98, 231, 280, 312, 318, 434, 455, 461, 542
Flaubert, Gustave: Salammbô, 100
Flavinius, Marcus, 81
F.L.N. (Front de Libération Nationale): proclamation of 1 Nov 1954, 12, 94–5; secrecy, lack of records, 16, 128, 142; rifts in leadership, 14, 128, 223–4, 325, 416; inherits Messali’s ideals, 39; Jews and, 59, 140, 145, 410–11; antecedents, 74–5; founded, 79; first casualty, 94; early guerrilla operations, 103, 111–12, 117, 120–3, 153, 176; and fall of Mendès-France, 106; moderates join, 111; defections of “loyal” troops to, 112, 124, 138; bans tobacco and alcohol, 112; “collective responsibility” aids, 114; war against civilians, 118–19; and Philippeville massacres, 120–3, 170; U.N. and, 124, 131; and “civil truce”, 125; conversion of M.N.A., 128, 136; and P.C.A., 128, 136–8, 145; and international support, 124, 129–30; arms supplies to, 129, 158; proclamation of 1 April 1955, 133; terrorises uncommited Muslims, 134–5, 144; initiation ritual, 134; and U.G.T.A., 138; non-Muslim recruits, 139; Abbas joins, 140–141; figures of men, and of damage done, 141; “interior” and “exterior”, 143–5, 158, 161, 224, 314, 325, 385, 478; military structure, 144–5; political v. military, 145; terms for peace negotiations, 145; on French promises, 151; and Palestro, 153; French attempts to negotiate with, 155, 157, 161; and land redistribution, 155; dead soldiers displayed, 172; and Battle of Algiers, 184, 186, 188; calls general strike, 190; defeat in Algiers, 219; “defection” of Muslims from, 220; and Mélouza massacre, 221–2; threat of Arab/Kabyle split, 223; Second C.N.R.A., 226; colonels ascendant, 230; takes war to France, 236–7; funds, 237–8, 485n, 539, 541; dismisses loi-cadre, 240; “internationalised”, 242–4; at U.N., 244–7, 464–5; and Bourguiba, 248–9; and Sakiet, 250; and harkis, 254–5; and Oiseau Bleu, 256–7; defeat at Souk-Ahras, 266; and 16 May fraternisation, 291; and de Gaulle’s return, 299–300; and the elections, 305; rejects paix des braves, 307–8, 313, 320; launches new offensive, 317–18; Third C.N.R.A., 328, 385–6; obtains respite, 329; suffers from Challe Plan, 334–8; ignores clemency measures, 341; and “self-determination”, 348, 387; further terrorism, 352; effect of “Barricades” on, 376, 386; de Gaulle misunderstands, 381; and Melun negotiations, 394–6; the only interlocuteur valable, 397; in the maquis, 398; wounded, 399–400; politically thriving, 400; and education, 403–4; ideology, 404–7; identifies with Yugoslavia, 406; façade of unanimity of leadership, 408; neutralises “the Bao-Dais”, 409–10; resurgence of terrorism, 425, 479; backlash in Algiers, 430–2; and Evian peace talks, 442, 463, 465–73; calls strike against partition, 474; applies pressure to Bourguiba, 475; Fourth C.N.R.A., 477–8; hardliners ascendant, 478; O.A.S. modelled on, 484; responds to O.A.S., 487, 496–7, 513; negotiations with de Gaulle, 507; and “Yeti” talks, 510–15; Fifth C.N.R.A., 519; reprisals in Algiers, 530; truce with O.A.S., 530–1; total casualty figures, 538; under Ben Bella’s presidency, 540–1; and war in retrospect, 546–8; networks abroad, 554; treasury, 556
F.N.F. (Front National Français), 349–52, 354–5, 358–62, 364, 418, 441, 484
Fonlupt-Esperaber (deputy), 71
Fontugne, Jean, 19
football, 61, 76, 469, 540
Fort d’Ivry, 543
Fossey-François, Colonel, 167
Fouad, King of Egypt, 275
Fouchet, Christian, 16, 110, 379, 529, 532–3, 547n
France: threat of Algeria to stability of, 11–12; foreign emotional involvement in, 11; ability to recover from disaster, 12; 1940 campaign, 14n; on V.E. Day, 23–4; reaction to Algerian war, 27, 98, 153, 231, 250, 346, 380, 415–16, 436; conquest of Algeria, 29–30; Algeria an integral part of, 30; “citizens” and “subjects”, 33, 35–6; effect of defeat on Muslims, 41; Algerian workers in, 42, 63–4, 533, 550; pied noir attitude to, 53; benefits and aid to Algeria, 60–1, 65, 155; Fourth Republic, 65–7, 177, 182, 188, 234, 238–9, 241, 248, 250, 273–5, 279–80, 293, 297, 299, 312, 343, 353, 367, 387, 461, 544; compared to Britain, 66n; forces in Algeria, 96; and Suez, 161–5; and torture, 195–6, 200, 203, 206–7, 232–4; and death of Boumendjel, 202, 233; defection of liberals from, 220; and regroupement, 220–1, 254, 332, 338–339; conscripts bring home the war, 231–2; National Assembly, 33, 37, 57, 73, 123, 233–4, 239–41, 269, 274, 276–7, 283, 287–8, 292, 294, 297–8, 304, 306, 313, 346, 349, 375, 384, 455, 544; the war arrives in, 236–7; Jeanson network in, 237–8; paralysed by strikes, 241, 269; and Saharan oil, 241–2; storm over U.S. arms deal, 243; Algeria an “internal” affair, 246; and harkis, 254–255; and gun-running, 261–3; political vacuum in, 265–6, 283; Senate, 297–8, 379; and “integration”, 306–7; regeneration, 312, 540, 544, 549; new F.L.N. offensive in, 318–19; and Massu’s indiscretion, 357; incomprehension of Algiers situation, 363, 365; public opinion behind de Gaulle, 366; de Gaulle addresses, 369, 455; social strife in, 383, 436; withdraws from N.A.T.O., 384; F.L.N. imprisoned in, 410; Communist Press in, 446; state of emergency in, 454; and spectre of civil war, 456; lacks trust in army, 464; and Evian negotiations, 442, 467–73, 520–3; and Bizerta, 474–5; O.A.S. in, 491, 500–505, 513; social unrest in, 505; and “Yeti” talks, 510–15; Conseil d’Etat, 522; referendum on Agreements, 528–9; cost of war to, 538–9; aid to post-war Algeria, 540n; and Algeria in retrospect, 545–8; and the pieds noirs, 549–50; and Algerian economy, 558
France, Anatole, 32, 564
France-Observateur, 126, 232
France-Soir, 461, 492–3, 500–1
Francis, Ahmed, 384, 405, 408, 467–8, 478
Franco, Francisco, 439, 453
François, Laurent, 94
Frankfurt, 556
Fréjus, 357
Frey, Roger, 365, 449, 454, 490, 504
Froger, Amédée, 58, 148, 181, 187, 215
Gaillard, Félix, 240–1, 243, 249–50, 266–7, 269, 274, 276–7, 280, 285, 288
Galbraith, J. K., 245
Gale, John, 175n, 210, 244
Gambiez, Fernand, 424, 443, 448–50, 453, 459, 488, 551
Gandhi, Mahatma, 61
Gardes, Jean: 354, 16, 418; and Ben Bella hijack, 159
; and “self-determination”, 347; and “Barricades Week”, 353, 355–356, 359–62; sentenced, 373n, 462; and putsch, 438, 442, 459; and O.A.S., 481–2, 484–6, 528, 530; leaves Algeria, 532; later career, 552
Gardy, General, 439, 451, 457, 462, 481, 487, 527
Garrigues, Pierre, 517
gas, natural, 45, 341, 392, 472
gasworks, 93–4, 137–8
Gaulle, Anne de, 279
Gaulle, Charles de: “Barricades Week” television broadcast, 11, 368–9, 375; and wartime Algeria, 42, 377; Brazzaville declaration, 43, 280, 377; first government, 65, 68; decorates Ben Bella, 74; war memoirs, 98; and Soustelle, 105–7; Abbas attempts to see, 140; and Coulet, 175–6; and Salan, 180, 418–20, 528; and Massu, 189, 551; and Germaine Tillion, 214–15; and amnesty, 217, 552; Macmillan on, 241, 281, 300, 377, 506; Bellounis and, 258; and loi-cadre, 270, 304–5; returns to power, 273–6, 283, 287–98; life during withdrawal, 279–80; appearance, 280; conditions for return, 280, 293, 295–8; ambiguity on Algeria, 281, 342–3, 377–81; Press conference, 292–3; and possible use of force, 295–6; and grandeur of France, 300, 379; “Je vous ai compris”, 301, 303; “Vive l’Algérie française”, 302–3; obtains mandate, 304–5; and paix des braves, 306–8, 319–20, 331, 345, 546; purges army, 309, 353, 373; and Challe, 310–11, 331, 333, 335–6, 340, 342–3, 382, 442–3; plans for France, 311–12; elected President, 313; effects of return, 314, 329; U.S. and, 316; and torture, 339; attempts to appease F.L.N., 341, 356, 412; and “self-determination”, 344–6, 351–2, 354, 357, 359, 374, 376, 378–90, 521, 546; insists on army obedience, 355; and “Barricades Week”, 364–72; broadcasts, 365; state visit to London, 374; hosts Summit Conference, 375, 383; in Algeria, 376; attitude to army, 381; and other problems, 383–4, 436; and F.L.N., 384–7 and Operation Tilsit, 387–94; appeals to G.P.R.A., 392, 418; and defeat, 395–7; Russia and, 405; and 1960 elections, 408; another broadcast, 422, 426; on Delouvrier, 423; changes Algerian “government”, 424; plots against him, 427–8, 433, 441, 489–90, 499–500, 505–6, 543; in Algeria, 428–33; and second referendum, 434–5; his “inhuman homily”, 444; U.S. generals’ antipathy to, 445; and Kennedy, 446, 463; and putsch, 448–9, 453–60; appeals to army and France, 455, 457–8, 461; weakness vis-à-vis F.L.N., 463–4; imposes unilateral truce, 466; and Evian negotiations, 467–73; on the Sahara, 472, 506–7; and partition, 473, 520; accepts Algerian independence, 474; and Bizerta, 475; sunk in gloom, 478–9; on O.A.S., 484, 526; O.A.S. aims to frustrate, 485; sends Force C, 493; and O.A.S. in Paris, 501, 503; determined to solve the Algerian problem, 507; and modernisation of army, 507; G.P.R.A.’s concern about, 508; and Krim’s visit to Ben Bella, 509; and “Yéti” negotiations, 510–12, 514–15; and second Evian, 520; and peace agreements, 521–523; and referendum, 528–9; recognises Algerian independence, 531; and French withdrawal, 533–4; and loyal Muslims, 537; and Ben Bella, 540; commutes sentence on Jouhaud, 542; and verdict on Salan, 542–3; and French revival, 544; his faults and achievements, 547–8.
A Savage War of Peace Page 88