38 “I have not written”: NH to GH, July 16, 1841, C XV, p. 550.
39 “We expect”: NH to LH, Aug. 3, 1841, C XV, p. 555.
40 “I confess”: NH to SH, Aug. 22, 1841, C XV, p. 563.
41 “How much depends” … “I am becoming”: NH to SH, Aug. 22, 1841, C XV p. 563.
42 “I shall see”: NH to SH, Sept. 22, 1841, C XV, p. 575.
43 “the ground, upon which”: NH to SH, Sept. 25, 1841, C XV, p. 578.
44 “My accession to these”: NH to SH, Sept. 29, 1841, C XV, p. 582.
45 “I have not the sense”: NH to SH, Sept. 22, 1841, C XV, p. 575.
46 “The woods have” … “It is wonderful”: Oct. 18 [1841], AN, pp. 217–18.
47 “The grown people”: Sept. 28 [1841], AN, p. 202.
48 “her upper lip”: Quoted in Bell Gale Chevigny, The Woman and the Myth: Margaret Fuller’s Life and Writings (Boston: Northeastern Univ. Press, 1994), p. 162.
49 “Yes,” says Margaret: Sarah Clarke to James Freeman Clarke, Dec. 14, 1839, bMS Am 1569.3(12), Houghton.
50 Her self-regard: Carolyn Healey Dall, diary, Feb. 3, 1851, MHS; JTF to Mary Russell Mitford, Aug. 12 [n.y.], Huntington.
51 “Womanhood is”: Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 297.
52 “She broke her lance”: Sarah Clarke, reminiscences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Special Collections.
53 “contorted like a sybil”: SH to George Peabody, Oct. 27, 1839, Berg.
54 “Would that Miss Margaret”: NH to SH, Jan. 13, 1841, C XV, p. 511.
55 In the spring of 1841: Carolyn Healey Dall, journals, Apr. 15, 22, 29, 1841, MHS.
56 “transcendental heifer,” “she is very fractious”: NH to SH, Apr. 13, 1841, C XV, p. 527.
57 “is compelled to take”: NH to SH, Apr. 16 [1841], C XV, p. 531. See also the interpretation of the Fuller-Hawthorne relationship in Thomas Mitchell, Hawthorne’s Fuller Mystery (Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 1998).
58 “in the amusing position”: Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 77.
59 “This frigidity”: [Margaret Fuller], “Record of the Month,” Dial 3 (July 1842), pp. 130–31.
60 “The real Me”: NH to SH, Sept. 3, 1841, C XV, p. 565.
61 “A man’s soul”: NH to SH, June 1, 1841, C XV, p. 545.
62 “and nobody can meddle”: NH to SH, Aug. 12, 1841, C XV, p. 556.
63 The book did appear: It also included “The Sister Years,” “Snow-flakes,” “Peter Goldthwaite’s Treasure,” “Chippings with a Chisel,” “The Shaker Bridal,” Night Sketches,” “Endicott and the Red Cross,” “The Lily’s Quest,” “Foot-prints on the Sea-shore,” “Edward Fane’s Rosebud,” and “The Threefold Destiny.”
64 “Surely the book”: NH to GH, Nov. 26, 1843, C XVI, p. 11.
65 The reviews were laconic: [John O’Sullivan], “Twice-told Tales,” Democratic Review 10:44 (Feb. 1842), p. 198; [HWL], “Twice-told Tales,” North American Review 54:115 (Apr. 1842), pp. 496–99; Orestes Brownson, “Literary Notices and Criticisms,” Boston Quarterly Review 5:2 (Apr. 1842), p. 252.
66 “These effusions”: [Edgar Allan Poe], “Twice-told Tales,” Graham’s Magazine 20:5 (May 1842), p. 299.
67 “paint with blood-warm colors”: [Fuller], “Record of the Month,” p. 132.
68 “who must stand”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Oct. 9, 1842, Berg. “Is to observe” is quoted in the same letter.
69 “I love thee”: NH to SH, Sept. 14, 1841, C XV, p. 569.
70 “where my youth”: NH to SH, Sept. 3, 1841, C XV, p. 565; NH to SH, Jan. 27, 1841, C XV, p. 517.
71 “at least, not like”: NH to Cornelius Mathews and ED, Dec. 22, 1841, C XV, p. 600.
72 “During the last three”: NH to Cornelius Mathews and ED, Dec. 22, 1841, C XV, p. 600.
73 “I do not think”: NH to SH, Feb. 27, 1842, C XV, pp. 612–13.
74 “It is this”: NH to SH, Feb. 27, 1842, C XV, pp. 612–13.
75 “Mr. Hawthorne hid”: SH to unknown recipient, [June 1864], Berg.
CHAPTER TWELVE: BEAUTIFUL ENOUGH
1 TO him—to both: See, for instance, NH to SH, Apr. 6, 1842, C XV, p. 620.
2 “We are Adam”: SH to Mrs. EPP, July 10, 1842, Berg.
3 “mutual love”: See MF to SH, June 4 [1842], The Letters of Margaret Fuller, vol. 3, p. 66.
4 “Both Mr. and Mrs. Hawthorne”: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, “Wedded Isolation,” Woman’s Journal, Dec. 20, 1884, p. 407. See also Henry James, “Nathaniel Hawthorne,” in Literary Criticism, vol. 1, p. 388.
5 “The execution”: NH to LH, July 10, 1842, C XV, p. 639.
6 “particularly as it”: EH to SH, May 23, 1842, Berg.
7 “All in good time”: NH to SH, May 27, 1842, C XV, p. 626.
8 “I dare say we”: EH to SH, June 15, 1842, Berg.
9 “There seems to be”: NH to SH, Feb. 27, 1842, C XV, p. 611.
10 “our mother”: NH to SH, June 9, 1842, C XV, p. 628.
11 “cut off from”: “A Virtuoso’s Collection,” in Tales, p. 713, published originally in the May issue of the Boston Miscellany.
12 There is ice: See “Lost Notebook,” in Miscellaneous Prose and Verse, CXXIII, p. 221; see also “There is a splinter of ice in the heart of a writer” (Graham Greene, A Sort of Life [New York: Simon & Schuster, 1971], p. 188).
13 “Thou art”; “Without thee”; “It is thou”: NH to SH, Oct. 4, 184[i], C XV, p. 584; Jan. 13, 1841, C XV, p. 511; Sept. 3, 1841, C XV, p. 565.
14 “I devoutly believe”: SH to MF, May 11, 1842, MS Am 1086 v. XVI, Houghton.
15 “He seems pleased”: Sarah Clarke to MF, May 25, 1842, MS Am 1086 v. XVII, Houghton.
16 But Hawthorne was so nervous: MM to SH, July [11–12], 1842, Berg.
17 Apparently none of the Hawthornes: George Holden file, PE. The watch may have belonged to Joseph Hathorne.
18 “I am the happiest”; “We are as happy”: SH to Mrs. EPP, July 10, 1842, Berg; NH to LH, July 10, 1842, C XV, p. 639.
19 “as if something”: Aug. 10 [1842], AN, p. 329.
20 “We did not think”: SH to Mary Foote, Dec. 18, 1842, courtesy Evelyn Hamby; Stanford.
21 “I would put on”; “fills me”: SH, diary, Dec. 1, 1843, Berg; SH to Mrs. EPP Aug. [6], 1842, Berg.
22 “This vigilance”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Aug. [6], 1842, Berg.
23 “I send up”: SH to Mary Foote, Apr. 6, 1843, courtesy Evelyn Hamby; Stanford.
24 “A good deal of mud”: Aug. 15 [1842], AN, p. 337. See also Sept. 24 [1843], AN, p. 395.
25 “This dull river”: Aug. 7 [1842], AN, p. 321.
26 “world just created”: Aug. 7 [1842], AN, p. 322.
27 “Before our marriage”: SH, notebooks, [1842–43], Morgan. See Patricia Valenti, “Sophia Hawthorne’s American Notebooks,” Studies in the American Renaissance, 1996, ed. Joel Myerson (Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginia), p. 133.
28 “It might be a sin”: Aug. 13 [1842], AN, pp. 333–34.
29 “The general sentiment”: MM to SH, July 17, 1842, Berg.
30 “I felt that I”: Aug. 15 [1842], AN, p. 334.
31 Mrs. Peabody came: See MM to SH, [Apr. 1845], Berg.
32 “Agreeable & gentle”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Aug. 30—Sept. 4, 1842, Berg.
33 “He is ugly as sin”: Sept. 1 [1842], AN, pp. 353–54.
34 “A vein of humor”: William Ellery Channing, Thoreau: The Poet-Naturalist (Boston: Charles Goodspeed, 1902), p. 273.
35 “Life is”; “man without”: “Compensation,” in Emerson: Essays & Poems, ed. Joel Porte (New York: Libr
ary of America, 1996), p. 300; James quoted in Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2001), p. 83.
36 “We have no questions”: Nature, in Emerson: Essays & Poems, p. 7.
37 “I comprehend nothing”: Emerson in His Journals, ed. Joel Porte (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1982), p. 280.
38 “It is no easy matter”: Sept. 18–32, 1839, quoted in Emerson in His Journals, p. 288.
39 “N. Hawthorn’s reputation”: Sept. 1842, quoted in Emerson in His Journals, p. 288.
40 “a great searcher”: Aug. 15 [1842], AN, p. 336.
41 “the narrow but earnest”: Aug. 16 [1842], AN, p. 339.
42 “Our love is so wide”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Aug. 30—Sept. 4, 1842, Berg.
43 “Waldo Emerson knows”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Sept. 3 [1843], Berg. For a discussion of Hawthorne and Emerson, see Larry Reynolds, “Hawthorne and Emerson in ‘The Old Manse,’ ” Studies in the Novel 23 (Spring 1991), pp. 403–24.
44 “Salem inquisitiveness”: See SH to Mrs. EPP, Oct. 2, 1842; see also SH to Mrs. EPP, Aug. 13 and 20–21, 1843, Berg.
45 Dear noble Margaret: SH to MF, May 11, 1842, MS Am 1086 v. XVI, Houghton.
46 “Sydnean showers”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Aug. 22, 1842, Berg.
47 “he should be much more”: “Margaret Fuller’s 1842 Journal: At Concord with the Emersons,” ed. Joel Myerson, Harvard Library Bulletin 21 (July 1973), p. 325.
48 “Thus, even without”: Aug. 28 [1842], AN, p. 349.
49 “I suspect”: Nathan Hale Jr. to ED, Aug. 29, 1842, Duyckinck Family Papers, NYPL.
50 “would take but a trifle”: NH to MF, Aug. 25, 1842, C XV, p. 648.
51 “The lad seems”: Sept. 2 [1842], AN, p. 357.
52 he was trying to write a sketch: “The Old Apple-Dealer,” based on earlier notebook jottings, appeared in Sargent’s New Monthly Magazine in January 1843.
53 He’d come to Salem: NH to LH, Oct. 12, 1842, C XV, p. 653.
54 “It is a very cold”: SH to Mary Wilder Foote, Dec. 30, 1842, courtesy Evelyn Hamby; Stanford.
55 “The mighty spirit”: “Fire-Worship,” in Tales, pp. 84!, 843, published originally in the Democratic Review, Dec. 1843.
56 “A person with an ice-cold”: n.d., AN, p. 235.
57 “bores,” he said: “The Old Manse,” preface to Mosses from an Old Manse, in Tales, p. 1147.
58 “his one idea”: “The Hall of Fantasy,” in Tales, p. 741, originally published in The Pioneer 1:2 (Feb. 1843). When revising the story for inclusion in Mosses from an Old Manse, Hawthorne shortened it, omitting the copious references to contemporaries like Catharine Sedgwick, John Neal, Mrs. Abigail Folsom, and John O’Sullivan.
59 “most of whom,” Hawthorne gibes: See “The Hall of Fantasy,” pp. 55–56. Emerson, at this time, didn’t entirely disagree with Hawthorne: “The abolitionists with their holy cause; the Friends of the Poor; the ministers at large; the Prison Discipline Agents; the Soup Societies; the whole class of professed Philanthropists—it is strange & horrible to say—are an altogether odious set of people, whom one would be sure to shun as the worst of bores & canters.”
60 By contrast, the narrator: See “The Hall of Fantasy,” p. 52. Recently O’Sullivan had been sparring publicly with the Reverend George B. Cheever, Hawthorne’s classmate, over the issue of capital punishment, which O’Sullivan fiercely opposed.
61 “These originals”: Sept. 2 [1842], AN, p. 357.
62 “These factory girls”: “The Procession of Life,” in Tales, p. 798, published originally in the Democratic Review, Apr. 1843.
63 “All through the winter”: n.d., AN, p. 238.
64 “men’s accidents”: n.d., AN, p. 236.
65 “like a schoolboy”: NH to MF, Feb. 1, 1843, C XV, p. 670.
66 “with pretty commendable”: Mar. 31, 1843, AN, p. 367.
67 “It is rather singular”: NH to HB, May 3, 1843, C XV, p. 688.
68 “It is an annoyance”: Mar. 31, 1843, AN, p. 367.
69 “Could I only have”: June 23 [1843], AN, pp. 387–88.
70 “at least to achieve”: “The Old Manse,” in Tales, p. 1123.
71 “At the entrance”: n.d., AN, p. 237.
72 “sole token of human”: “The Birth-mark,” in Tales, p. 780, published originally in The Pioneer, Mar. 1843.
73 “Our creative Mother”: “The Birth-mark,” in Tales, p. 769.
74 “All persons, chronically”: “Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent,” in Tales, p. 785, published originally in the Democratic Review, Mar. 1843.
75 “establish a species,” “was fortunately,” “nourished with”: “Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent,” in Tales, pp. 786, 788, 790.
76 Rosina rescues Roderick: As his double, she also suggests that Roderick is part woman. Hawthorne evidently had Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher” in mind.
77 “always for purposes”: “The Artist of the Beautiful,” in Tales, p. 909, published originally in the Democratic Review, June 1844.
78 Loving “the Beautiful”: “The Artist of the Beautiful,” in Tales, p. 909.
79 “demand is for perfection”: Dec. 7, 1843, “A Sophia Hawthorne Journal, 1843–1844,” ed. John McDonald, Nathaniel Hawthorne Review, 1974, p. 8.
80 When Annie Hovenden: Robert Danforth, a “man of earth and iron,” may resemble Hawthorne’s grandfather Manning, who had been a blacksmith, or Uncle Richard before his injury; both men must have seemed huge figures of strength to a frail or lame boy. The name “Robert” refers to uncles; the “Danforth,” an old New England name, evokes Hathorne/Hawthorne. See also “The Artist of the Beautiful,” in Tales, p. 921.
81 She finally gave birth: In 1836 Mrs. Elizabeth Palmer Peabody had published a child’s version of The Faerie Queene, called Holiness; or, The Legend of St. George: A Tale from Spenser’s Faerie Queene. Before her marriage Sophia had taken Una and St. George as the subjects of her paintings.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: REPATRIATION
1 “And when the men”: The entire passage is taken from N.d., AN, pp. 261–67.
2 “I suppose one friend”: AN, p. 266.
3 “melancholic temperament”: AN, p. 261.
4 “I find it is”: NH to GH, Mar. 24, 1844, C XVI, pp. 22–23.
5 “holy and equal” … One could bring: “ ‘The Impulses of Human Nature’: Margaret Fuller’s Journal from June through October 1844,” ed. Martha L. Berg and Alice De V. Perry, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 102 (1990), p. 89.
6 Fuller … reclined lazily: Or so we gather from her bowdlerized journal.
7 “I love him much”: “ ‘The Impulses of Human Nature’: Margaret Fuller’s Journal from June through October 1844,” p. 89.
8 “mild, deep and large”: “ ‘The Impulses of Human Nature’: Margaret Fuller’s Journal from June through October 1844,” p. 85.
9 “I feel more like”: “ ‘The Impulses of Human Nature’: Margaret Fuller’s Journal from June through October 1844,” p. 108.
10 “A woman of unemployed energy”: “The Christmas Banquet,” in Tales, p. 865, originally published in the Democratic Review, Jan. 1844. Pitting his proto-feminist next to a “half-starved, consumptive seamstress,” Hawthorne anticipates the juxtaposition of Zenobia and Priscilla in The Blithedale Romance.
11 “those [women] who would”: See “The Great Lawsuit,” in The Essential Margaret Fuller, ed. Jeffrey Steele (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1992), p. 30.
12 Rappaccini is also: See “ ‘The Impulses of Human Nature’: Margaret Fuller’s Journal from June through October 1844,�
� p. 109. See also SH, notebook, [May 1843], Morgan.
13 Yet Hawthorne erases: For a good overview of the sources in “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” see Carole Marie Bensick, La Nouvelle Beatrice: Renaissance and Romance in “Rappaccini’s Daughter” (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1985); for a reading of the story that focuses on Hawthorne’s relationship with Fuller, see Mitchell, Hawthorne’s Fuller Mystery, pp. 93–124.
14 “He has to contrive”: SH to Mrs. EPP, [Mar. 1844], Berg.
15 “What is this being?”: “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” in Tales, p. 993, originally published in the Democratic Review, Nov. 1844.
16 “Oh, was there not”: “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” in Tales, p. 1005.
17 “It somewhat startled”: “Earth’s Holocaust,” in Tales, p. 893, originally published in Grahams Lady’s and Gentleman’s Magazine, May 1844. Misty-eyed reformers set the blaze, thinking it will eradicate the world’s misery and injustice. As an image, the bonfire recalls the vengeful blaze of “The Devil in Manuscript,” a fire sparked by despair, neglect, and revenge. There’s another interesting motif in “Earth’s Holocaust,” too. Hawthorne couples women’s independence with his own professional anxiety: just before a group of ladies discard their petticoats, a neglected American author pitches pen and paper into the flames “and betook himself to some less discouraging occupation.”
18 Alas, poor Monsieur de l’Aubépine: “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” in Tales, p. 975.
19 “I think France”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Apr. 6, 1845, Berg.
20 “My husband’s time”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Aug. 19, 1844, Berg.
21 “We have no woman”: SH to LH, Oct. 27, 1844, Berg.
22 “He actually does”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Aug. 19 [1844], Berg. 183. “I wish Heaven”: NH to GH, May 29, 1844, C XVI, p. 41.
23 The plan lurched: See John Louis O’Sullivan to James Munroe, June 12, 1844, BPL.
24 He tried to work: See NH to Samuel Ripley, Oct. 3, 1845, CXXIII, p. 457.
25 “My husband says”: SH to Mrs. EPP, Nov. 20, 1844, Berg.
26 “else we shall”: NH to SH, Dec. 20, 1844, C XVI, p. 73.
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