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———. Kontakt med England 1940–45. Copenhagen: Trajan, 1967.
Jespersen, Knud J. V. Rytterkongen, et portræt af Christian 10. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2007.
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———. “Oktober 1943 set ‘från hinsidan.’ ” Historisk Tidsskrift 97, no. 1 (1997): 80–115.
———.“Oktober 1943 set ‘från hinsidan.’ ” Historisk Tidsskrift 97, no. 2 (1997): 313–55.
———. “Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz.” In Tyskere imod Hitler. Edited by Johan Dreher, pp. 7–24. Copenhagen: Forbundsrepublikken Tysklands Ambassade, 1999.
———. “Den glemte interneringsplan.” In Nyt lys over oktober 1943, Edited by Hans Kirchhoff, pp. 37–48. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2002.
———. “Endlösung over Danmark.” In I Hitler-Tysklands skygge. Edited by Hans Sode-Madsen, pp. 136–81. Copenhagen: Aschehoug, 2003.
———. “Broen over Øresund: Redningen af de danske jøder i oktober 1943.” In Grænse som skiller ej! Kontakter over Öresund under 1900-talet. Edited by Kjell Å Modéer, pp. 93–108. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2007.
———. “Erik Scavenius og Werner Best.” In Sådan valgte de—syv dobbeltportrætter fra besættelsens tid. Edited by Hans Kirchhoff, pp. 21–44. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2008.
———. Den gode tysker. G. F. Duckwitz, de danske jøders redningsmand. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2013.
Kreth, Rasmus, and Michael Mogensen. Flugten til Sverige, aktionen med de danske jøder i oktober 1943. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1995.
Lauridsen, John T., ed. En borger i Danmark under krigen. Copenhagen: Gads Forlag, 2005.
———. “Werner Best og den tyske sabotagebekæmpelse i Danmark 1942–45.” In Samarbejde og sabotage—seks mænd 1940–45. Edited by Henrik Lundtofte, pp. 144–209. Esbjerg: Historisk Samling fra Besættelsestiden 1940–45, 2006.
———. Die Korrespondenz von Werner Best mit dem Auswärtigen Amt und andere Akten zur Besetzung von Dänemark 1942–1945. Vols. 1 and 4. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2012.
Levin, Irene. Flukten. Oslo: Senter for studier av Holocaust og livssynsminoriteter, 2007.
Lidegaard, Bo. I kongens navn: Henrik Kauffmann i dansk diplomati 1919–1958. Copenhagen: Samleren, 1996.
———. Defiant Diplomacy: Henrik Kaufmann, Denmark, and the United States in World War II and the Cold War, 1939–1958. New York, Peter Lang, 2003.
———. Kampen om Danmark 1933–45. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2005.
———. A Short History of Denmark in the 20th Century. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2009.
Longerich, Peter. Der ungeschriebene Befehl: Hitler und der Weg zur Endlösung: Munich: Piper Verlag, 2001
————.“Davon haben wir Nichts gewusst!”: Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung 1933–1945. Munich: Siedler, 2006.
———. Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and the Murder of the Jews. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
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Lundtofte, Henrik. “Den store undtagelse—Gestapo og jødeaktionen.” In I Hitler-Tysklands skygge: Dramaet om de danske jøder 1933–1945. Edited by Hans Sode-Madsen, pp. 182–201. Copenhagen: Aschehoug, 2003.
———. Gestapo!: Tysk politi og terror i Danmark 1940–45. Copenhagen: Gads Forlag, 2003.
Mogensen, Michael, Otto Rühl, and Peder Wiben, eds. Aktionen mod de danske jøder oktober 1943: flugten til Sverige. Aarhus: Systime, 2003.
Munch, Peter. Erindringer, vol. 8. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag, 1967.
Munck, Ebbe. Døren til den frie verden: Erindringer 1939–45. Copenhagen: Schønberg, 1967.
Nilsson, Kirsten. De gemte børn, beretninger fra anden verdenskrig. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2012.
Persson, Sune. Vi åker til Sverige, de vita bussarna 1945. Rimbo: Fischer, 2002.
Pundik, Herbert. Det kan ikke ske i Danmark. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1994.
Rigsdagstidende, Landstinget, January 26, 1939, column 443.
Ring, Erik. Hitler beskyddar Danmark: Fakta och refexioner kring den senaste utvecklingen. Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 1944.
Rünitz, Lone. Danmark og de jødiske flygtninge 1933–40, en bog om flygtninge og menneskerettigheder. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2000.
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Tamm, Ditlev. Bag kapperne, danske advokater i det 20. århundrede. Copenhagen: Forlaget Thomson, 2007.
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Vilhjálmsson, Vilhjálmur Örn. Medaljens bagside. Jødiske flygtningeskæbner i Danmark, 1933–1945. Copenhagen: Vandkunsten, 2004.
Yahil, Leni. The Rescue of Danish Jewry: Test of a Democracy. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1967.
Newspapers and Magazines
Dagens Nyheter, October 1943.
Dansk Maanedspost, October 1943.
De frie Danske, September 1943.
De frie Danske, October 1943.
Frit Danmark, October 1943.
Information, October 1943.
Life, November 28, 1960, pp. 19–25.
Politiken, January 13, 1946.
Svenska Dagbladet, October 1943.
Internet Sources
www.yadvashem.org
www.holocaust-history.org
Unpublished Sources
Arnheim, Arthur. “Jødernes historie i Danmark 1619–1969.” Unpublished manuscript, 2012, chap. 16.
Archives and Collections
Dansk Jødisk Museum (Danish Jewish Museum), DJM
Genstande og personarkiver (Objects and Personal Archives):
Ella Fischer (JDK207A103/1), Lise Epstein (JDK207A24/1/125), Henrik Martin Schall Meyer (JDK275A18/2/278), Herbert Willie Levysohn (JDK80A2/1), Axel Hertz (JDK207A28/2/256), Leo Schüstin (JSK250A1/4/275), Bernhard Cohn (JDK207×40), Inge Løve (JDK207B86).
Kongelige Bibliotek (Royal Library), KB
Vilhelm Bergstrøm’s journal, vol. 154; Gunnar Larsen’s journals.
Rigsarkivet (Danish National Archives), RA
Kong Christian 10’s arkiv 1943 (Archive of King Christian 10, 1943): “Bemærkninger med bilag,”Attachment no. 57.
Eduard Vilhelm Sophus Christian Reventlows privatarkiv (Archive of Eduard Vilhelm Sophus Christian Reventlow)
Diary (1941–53), binders 2–3.
Oluf Pedersens privatarkiv (Archive of Oluf Pedersen)
Archive no. 6104, nos. 1–2.
Erhvervs- og vækstministeriet (Ministry of Business and Growth)
Archive no. 15, Permanent Secretary H. Jespersen’s notes on meetings of Council of Permanent Secretaries.
Erstatningsrådet (Compensation Board)
Personsager 1945–1993, binder 171, case no. 5822 (Erik Elliott Nyegaard).
Håndskriftsamlingen (Manuscript Collections)
IV: Danmark-Norges almindelige historie: IV.T: Besættelsen: Pakke nr. 125, Gruppe IV.T nr. 1, Politirapporter 29.08.1943–04.07.1944.
Statsadvokaten for særlige anliggender (Public Prosecutor for Sp
ecial Affairs)
AS-sager for provinsen 1940–1944, Pakke nr. 30, Politikreds 7 Hillerød: AS 7–116, AS 7–132, AS 7–148.
Udenrigsministeriet (Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
Gruppeordnede sager 1909–1945: 84–17, 84–23, 84–24, 120–18, 120–20, 120–21, 120–22, 120–23, 120–24, 120–25, 140–164, 140–165, 140–166.
Efteraflevering 1908–1985, no. 30.
Riksarkivet (Swedish National Archives)
Statens utlänningskommissions arkiv (Archives of the National Board of Aliens):
Dossierer og Registerkort (D2AB).
Stubbekøbing Lokalarkiv (Stubbekøbing Regional Archive), SL
Drawer 48: Jødetransporter 28–97.
Private Collections
Handwritten note by the Supreme Court lawyer H. H. Bruun, dated October 10, 1943, countersigned by C. L. David.
Allan Hannover’s journal.
Poul Hannover’s journal.
Kis Marcus’s journal.
Adolph Meyer’s journal.
Index
* * *
Abildvig summer camp, Falster
Abwehr, German military intelligence
agriculture, Danish exports of Germany, 1.1, 7.1
Aliyah children, Jewish refugee children from 1939, 1.1, 4.1
Andersen, Alsing (1893–1962), Social Democratic politician
Anti-Comintern Pact, 1.1, 1.2
Arendt, Hannah (1906–1975), German-American political theorist, 1.1, 1.2, 14.1
ASEA, Swedish industry organization, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, epi.1
August 1943 rebellion
Auswärtiges Amt. See Foreign Ministry, German
Bak, Sofie Lene (b. 1973), Danish historian
Barsebäck, 8.1, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2
BBC. See British Broadcasting Corporation
Belgium, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2
Bennicke, Erik, lieutenant
Bergstrøm, Vilhelm (1886–1966), Danish journalist, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1
Berlin, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, epi.1
Bernadotte, Grev Folke (1895–1948), leader of Swedish Red Cross
Bertelsen, Aage (1901–1980), “Lyngby group” activist
Best, Werner (1903–1989), German SS general and Reich’s chief in Denmark, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, epi.1, epi.2
Bohr, Niels (1885–1962), atomic physicist, 7.1, 13.1, 14.1
border question, southern Jutland, 1.1, 1.2, 11.1
Bornholm
Bramsnæs, Carl Valdemar (1879–1965), National Bank director (1936–1949)
Brandes, Thomas
Brandt, Willy (1913–1992), German statesman
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 4.1, 7.1, 9.1
Bruun, H. H. (1884–1954), Supreme Court attorney, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 14.1
Buenos Aires
Buhl, Vilhelm (1881–1954), Social Democrat; finance minister (1937–1942); prime minister (1942–1943; 1945), col3.1, ata1.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 9.1, 13.1
Bulgaria, 7.1, 14.1
Bulgarian Jews, rescue of
Busch-Petersen, farmer, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
Casablanca conference, January 1943
Christensen, Lorenz (1892–1965), staff member with the German legation, 1.1, 1.2
Christianshavn’s Canal
Christian X (1870–1947), Danish king (1912–1947), viii, x, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 11.1, 11.2, epi.1, epi.2
Churchill, Winston (1874–1965), British statesman; Lord of the Admiralty (1939–1940); prime minister (1940–1945), 1.1, 1.2
Clausen, Frits (1893–1947), leader of Denmark’s National Socialist Workers’ Party (DNSAP), 1.1, 6.1
Cohn, Bernhard “Bubi,” 99, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
Cohn, Einar (1885–1969), national economist and chief of the state statistics department, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 7.1, epi.1
Committee of Cooperation, parliamentary
Communists, interning of Danish, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1
Communist Law, August 22, 1941, 1.1
Conservative People’s Party, 4.1, 9.1
Constitution, Danish ix, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1
Copenhagen Social Services
Copenhagen University, 4.1, 8.1
crossing payments, 8.1, 12.1, 14.1
crossing rates, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1
crown prince. See Frederik IX
Dagens Nyheter, Swedish daily newspaper, 8.1, 14.1
Dagmar House, seat of the German plenipotentiary and his staff, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3
Dahlgaard, Bertel (1887–1972), Radical Party politician; interior minister (1929), 1.1, 9.1
Daleuge, Kurt (1897–1946), German police chief
Dardel, Gustav, Swedish envoy in Copenhagen, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1
Danish Brigade, The, 14.1, epi.1, epi.2
Danish Communist Party (DKP), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1
Danish Employers Association
Danish-German border of 1920, 1.1, 1.2
Danish internment of Jews, discussions of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1
Danish Nazi Party (DNSAP), 1.1, 3.1
Danish Nazis, 3.1, 12.1
Danish Press Service, resistance’s press agency, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1
Danish Red Cross, 4.1, 14.1
Danish Women’s National Council, umbrella organization founded in 1899
Dannin, Adolph, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2
Dannin, Leo (1898–1971), High Court attorney
Danzig, 7.1, 10.1
David, C. L. (1878–1960). Danish attorney and art collector, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 14.1, epi.1
Dessau, Einar (1892–1988), director of Tuborg’s brewery
Duckwitz, Georg Ferdinand (1904–1973), maritime expert at the German legation in Copenhagen, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 11.1, 14.1, epi.1
eastern front
volunteers on, 1.1, 1.2
Eichmann, Adolf (1906–1962), SS chief of final solution, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 4.1, 7.1, 12.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4
Ekstrabladet, newspaper
Estonia
Evian conference (July 1938)
Falster, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, epi.1
Faurschou-Hviid, Bent (1921–1944), resistance fighter known as “The Flame,” 361
Federation of Trade Unions
Federspiel, Per (1905–1994), Liberal Party member; high court attorney; resistance member
Fibiger, Vilhelm (1886–1978), Conservative Party member; minister of church affairs (1940–1942); trade minister (1945)
Finland, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1
Fischer, Ella, bookstore assistant and refugee, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, epi.1
Fischer, Josef (1871–1949), Jewish community librarian, 4.1, 5.1, 11.1, epi.1
Flame, The. See Bent Faurschou-Hviid
Flyvbjerg, Gunnar, captain, 11.1, 11.2
Foreign Ministry, Danish, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1
Foreign Ministry, German, 1.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2
Foreign Ministry, press office
Foreign Ministry, Swedish, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1, 13.1
Foss, Erling (1897–1982), businessman and member of the Freedom Council for The Free Danes, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1
France, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 7.1
Frederick IX (1899–1972), Danish king (1947–1972)
Free Danes, underground newspaper, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 10.1
Free Denmark, underground newspaper
Freedom Council, 4.1, 4.2
Frey’s Hotel, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 12.1
Friediger, Max (1884–1947), chief rabbi
Friedländer, Saul (b. 1932), Israeli historian
Frikorps Danmark, 1.1, 7.1
Fuglsang-Damgaard, Hans (1890–1979), bishop of Copenhagen (1934–1960), 1.1, 6.1, 8.1
Gestapo, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, epi.1, epi.2
Gestapo-Juhl. See Hans Juhl
Gilleleje raid, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2
Goebbels, Joseph (1897–1945), Nazi minister of propaganda (1933–1945), 1.1, 1.2, 14.1
Goldhagen, Daniel (b. 1959), American historian
Goldschmidt, Mary, sister-in-law of Dr. Adolph Meyer, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 14.1
Goldstein, Moritz, engineer and refugee, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Goldstein, Samuel, refugee, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1
Göring, Hermann (1893–1946), Nazi minister of the air force, 1.1, 8.1
Göteborg, 11.1, 14.1, epi.1
Greece
Grønsund ferry dock, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 13.1
Gross, Jan (b. 1947), Polish-American historian
Guldborgsund Bridge
Günther, Christian (1886–1966), Swedish foreign minister (1939–1945), 2.1, 7.1
Günther, Rolf (1913–1945), Adolf Eichmann’s deputy, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 12.1
Gævlinge
Gørtz, General Ebbe (1886–1976), army chief of staff (1937–1941); army chief (1941–1951)
Hammarskjöld, Dag, Swedish permanent secretary