by Blum, Howard
spy network in America, 102–8, 210, 226–28, 243–44, 331, 389, 416–17
U.S. loans and arms shipments to, 40, 111, 133–40, 183–84, 187–90, 257, 260, 262, 274, 384
World War I, 31, 39, 40, 48, 50, 59, 75–76, 80, 86, 102–5, 133–40, 143–44, 171, 219, 227, 257, 260, 268, 415
Griffith, D. W., 206
Groton School, 25, 108, 113, 196
Hahn’s, New York, 361–62, 364
Hamburg-American Building, New York, 72
Hamburg-American Line, 92–94, 125, 162, 233, 340, 370, 372, 373
Hansa Haus, Baltimore, 383
Harvard Club, 24, 322, 323, 324, 416
Harvard University, 3–7, 8, 11, 25, 149, 238, 274, 321
Havana, 228, 373, 380
Heidelberg, 352, 355, 410
Heinrich, Prince of Germany, 143
Held, Martha, 82, 87, 95, 233, 265, 411
Helfferich, Karl, 145
Hennington Court, 122
Herodotus, 267
heroin, 92
Hilken, Paul, 233, 378–79, 379, 380, 382, 409–10, 412
Black Tom plot and, 411–12
Hine, F. Worthington, 306–7
Hinsch, Frederick, 377–78, 378, 380–84, 406, 410, 411
Hitler, Adolf, 74
Hittites, 267
Hoboken, New Jersey, 76, 163, 181, 359–65, 373
Scheele’s laboratory in, 179–82, 362–64, 373
waterfront investigation, 359–76
Hofbrau House, New York, 232–33, 265–66
Holland, 89, 375
Holt, Frank. See Muenter, Erich
Holt, Leona, 150–51, 237, 238, 273, 274
horses, 267
germ warfare on, 267–71, 382–84, 389, 405–6, 409
World War I, 267–71
Hotel Breslin, New York, 199–200, 200, 201, 203, 205
Houghton, W. H., 340–41
House, Edward, 338, 346, 348, 385, 387, 390
Hudson River, 91–92, 191, 197, 205, 232, 411. See also New York Harbor
Huerta, Victoriano, 225–26, 226, 227–29, 244, 389, 417
death of, 229
Hults, William, 325
Hurley, Patrick, 317–18
Ignatieff, Count Nicolai, 211–13
Inchmoor, 369
influenza, 410
International Union of Structural Workers, 222
Ireland, 18, 31, 75, 195, 337
British rule, 75
Irish-Americans, 18, 25, 75, 171, 232, 345
stevedores, 171, 183, 184, 196–97, 197
Italian-Americans, 20–27, 43–44
Italian Squad, 21
Italy, 21, 89, 415
James, William, 4
James River, 404–6
Japan, 417
Jersey City, New Jersey, 94, 231–32, 284–85
Black Tom plot, 231–32, 411–12, 413
Jones, Frank, 293
Jones, Walker, 327
Junker class, 34, 49, 125, 141
Jusserand, Jean-Jules, 185
Kaiserpass, 146, 173, 213
Kaiser’s Own, 92. See also Hamburg-American Line
Kansas City, 129
Keechan, Joseph, 285
Keystone National Powder Company, 306, 311
Kienzle, Herbert, 200–201, 247, 249, 258
Kienzle Clock Company, 247, 249
Kirkoswald, 185, 186, 187, 256, 261, 365, 369, 373
Kleines Deutschland, 75
Knutford, SS, 94
Koch, Robert, 355
Koenig, Paul (PK), 92–93, 93, 94–95, 125–32, 161, 209–10, 229, 234, 282, 391–402, 409
arrest and interrogation of, 391–97
background of, 92–93
“D-cases” of, 394–96, 399
Fuchs and, 157–65
German sabotage operations in U.S., 93–95, 125–32, 140, 155–65, 175, 185, 209–10, 229, 282, 391–402
investigation of, 125–33, 155–65, 185, 391–402
notebooks of, 393–94, 395, 396–402
telephone tapped, 130–32
as “Woehler,” 400–401
König, Paul, 379
Königsberg, 36
Kramer, Matthew, 288–89
Kremb, Arthur, 13
Kristianiafjord, 146–47, 167, 410
Labor’s National Peace Council, 221–23
labor strikes, 219–23
labor unions, 21, 219–23
National Peace, 221–23
Ladenburg, Thalmann & Company, 143
Lake Erie, 80, 162
Lake Ontario, 80, 163
Lamar, David, 220, 220, 221–22
Lansing, Robert, 137, 262, 344, 346, 390, 391
laws, anti-espionage, 228
lead cigar device. See cigar bombs
lead tubing, 182, 187
Lenin, Nikolai, 225
Leyendecker, Richard, 163
liquid chlorine, 345
Liverpool, 95, 144, 184
Lloyd George, David, 136
London, 32, 48, 105, 136, 143, 144, 227, 388
London Sphere, 338
Long, A. E., 10
Long Island, New York, 285–90, 240–304, 306–8, 317–21
Long Island City, New York, 45, 53, 188
sugar refineries in, 188–90
Long Island Rail Road, 294
Long Island Sound, 286
Lord Erne, 122
Los Angeles, 21
Los Angeles Times, 21
Luchow’s, New York, 128
Lusitania, sinking of, 337–38, 338, 339–40, 389, 415
Luxembourg, 48, 49
Madison Square Garden, New York, 281
Madrid, 79, 410
Maine, 343
Manhattan Front, 147, 153–239
Black Tom plot, 231–32, 411–12, 413, 415
cigar bombs, 176–98, 215–16, 232–33, 261, 362–76, 380, 383, 402–3
E. V. Gibbons cover, 175–77, 180, 182, 182, 211–17, 222
National Peace Union and, 221–23
recruits, 179–81
rudder bombs, 233–34, 247–59, 259, 260–63
Russian munitions scheme, 211–17
shipboard fires and munitions plant explosions, 183–98, 215–16, 232–34
TNT sales to, 198–208, 247–63
von Rintelen operations, 147, 167–98, 209–35, 243–46, 265–66, 330–33, 359–91
Marne, Battle of the, 77–78
Marseille, 185, 187, 369
Martyn, Robert, 198, 199
Matinicock Point, 286–90, 294–304
Matzet, Mike, 193
McAdoo, William, 339, 343, 344–46
McCabe, Rosalie, 299, 301
McCahill, Frank, 303, 307–9, 312–14, 318, 321
Menagh, John, 284–85
meningitis, 267
Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Company, 130
Metzler, Fred, 163
Mexico, 64–65, 73, 79–80, 99, 137, 143, 149, 225–29, 389, 416–17
Huerta affair, 225–29, 389, 417
Zimmermann telegram, 416–17
Mexico City, 79
Mexico North-Western Railway Company, 217
Middle East, 104
Military Intelligence Division (MID), 110–11, 421
Miliukov, Prince, 217
Mills Hotel No. 3, New York, 89–90, 282, 283, 285, 288, 313
Milwaukee, 75
Minnehaha bombing, 330–31, 402
Mitchel, John Purroy, 20, 115
Morgan, Frances, 300
Morgan, Henry, 300
Morgan, J. P., 80, 111, 135, 136
Morgan, J. P., Jr. (“Jack”), 134, 135–40, 215, 219, 221, 280, 330
assassination attempt on, 286–90, 294–314, 315, 317–31, 374–75, 389, 402
wartime loans to Allies, 136–40, 215
Morgan, Jane, 287, 300, 301
Morgan, Junius, 287, 289
Morgan (J. P.) & Company, 135–40, 302
wartime loans to Allies, 136–40
, 215
Mottola, Otto, 209
M16, 105, 113
Muenter, Erich (aka Frank Holt), 3–7, 7, 8–11, 51, 63–65, 149–51, 237–39, 279–331
Abteilung IIIB network in New York approached by, 279–80
arrest of, 303, 303, 304, 311
assassination attempt on J. P. Morgan, Jr., 286–90, 294–314, 315, 317–31, 374–75, 389, 402
bombing of U.S. Capitol, 291–94, 294, 295, 305–6, 309–14, 318–19, 323, 327–28, 402, 421
at Cornell, 151, 237, 238, 273, 284
death of, 324, 325–30, 374, 402
German sabotage operations in U.S., 279–331
gun and dynamite purchases, 284–86, 288, 294, 298, 301, 308–9, 318–24, 324, 328
as “Henderson,” 319, 321–22
interrogation of, 306–9, 311–14, 318–22
investigation of, 282–331
in Mineola jail, 317–29
murder of his wife, 11, 63–64, 317–18
Pearce letter, 292, 295, 309–10, 314
real identity discovered, 317–21
reinvented as Frank Holt, 64–65, 149–51, 237–39, 273–75
returns to New York, 274–75
-von Rintelen connection, 279–80, 402
Muenter, Helen, 8, 9, 11
Muenter, Leona, 8–11, 63–64, 317, 318
Muenter, Mary, 9, 11
munitions plant explosions and shipboard fires, 91–95, 100–102, 121–23, 179, 183–98, 215–16, 232–34, 244, 260–63, 330–31, 402, 411–13, 421. See also specific munitions plants and ships
Munsterberg, Hugo, 4–7, 8, 273
The War and America, 273–74
Murphy, Jerome, 16
mustard gas, 267
National German-American Alliance, 74–75
National Peace Union, 221–23
Nauen, 103
naval equipment, 38
Neckar, 378, 380
neutrality, 40, 51–52, 76, 80, 105, 111–12, 134–39, 219, 280, 327, 339
Neutrality and Trade in Contraband, 134
New Jersey, 94, 177, 179–81, 199, 205, 247–54, 409
Black Tom plot and explosion, 231–32, 411–12, 413, 415
gun and dynamite sales to Muenter, 284–86, 288, 294, 298, 301, 308–9, 318–24, 328
Hoboken investigation, 359–76
shipboard fires and munitions plant explosions, 94, 100, 231–32, 363–64, 411–12, 413
TNT sales and storage, 199–208, 247–63
waterfront, 76, 192, 231–32, 359–65
New Jersey Agricultural Chemical Company, 176
New Mexico, 417
New Orleans, 233
Newport, Rhode Island, 29, 30
Newport News, Virginia, 384, 404
Newton, Harry, 281–82
New York City, 15–27, 70, 75, 86, 115, 122, 143, 205
Abteilung IIIB base in, 70–78, 82, 87, 93
Brescia Circle bombings, 15–17, 23–27, 43–45, 53–58, 60–61, 101, 116, 118, 186
German, 70, 87, 128, 168, 265, 281
germ warfare threat, 385–87, 403–4
passport forgery scheme, 88–90, 91, 112, 283
pro-German rallies, 281
subways, 385–86, 386, 387
Tammany Hall, 18
telephone tapping, 129–31
waterfront, see New York Harbor
New York Evening Telegram, 344
New York Harbor, 32, 60, 70, 91–94, 100, 121–22, 122, 123, 145, 146–47, 205, 215, 352
Bomb and Neutrality Squad investigation, 121–23, 171–210, 228, 243–63, 279–333, 339, 359–76, 391–412
German ships interned in, 76–77, 81, 171, 180–83, 259–60
labor unions and strikes, 219–23
longshoremen, 92–95
maps, 256
shipboard fires and munitions plant explosions, 91–95, 100–102, 121–23, 179, 183–98, 215–16, 232–34, 244, 260–63, 331, 402, 411–13, 421
stevedores, 94, 171, 183, 184, 196–97, 197
surveillance of lighter captains, 190–98, 363
von Rintelen operation, 171–78, 209–35, 243–46, 265–66, 330–33, 359–84
wartime, 121–23
waterfront society, 92, 122
New York Herald, 338
New York Police Bomb and Neutrality Squad, 15–17, 114–23, 420
biological weapons investigation, 375–76, 386–88, 391, 396–97, 407, 409–11
Brescia Circle case, 25–27, 43–45, 53–58, 60–61, 61, 101, 116, 118, 186
cigar bomb investigation, 185–98, 261, 362–76
Fay investigation, 201–8, 243, 247–63
German-speaking team, 116–19
German spy network investigation, 113–23, 125–33, 155–65, 171–210, 222, 243–63, 279–333, 339, 359–76, 391–412, 420–21
Hoboken investigation, 359–76
Koenig investigation, 125–33, 155–65, 185, 391–402
Muenter (Holt) investigation, 282–331
recruits, 21, 43–45, 114, 115–19
surveillance of lighter captains, 190–98, 363
von Kleist investigation, 362–76
von Rintelen investigation, 209–10, 228, 234–35, 243–46, 279, 330–33, 359–76
See also specific detectives, bombings, and operations
New York Police Department, 15–22, 262
bomb squad, see New York Police Bomb and Neutrality Squad
Centre Street headquarters, 44, 44, 97–98
Detective Bureau, 19–20
Police Field Day, 60
“shoo-fly” squad, 19
training academy, 100, 115, 116, 117
New York Times, 5, 19, 63, 217, 219, 223, 327–28, 417, 420
New York Tribune, front page of, 315
New York World, 346
New York Yacht Club, 143, 172, 210, 229, 235, 244, 245, 246, 263, 331
Niagara Falls, New York, 83, 161, 163
Nicolai, Walter, 36–41, 50, 59, 78, 79, 81, 85, 86, 139, 141, 144–46, 167, 233, 269, 272, 353, 356, 410
biological weapons and, 269, 271, 272
von Rintelen recruited by, 144–46
Noordam, 49–50, 59–60, 332, 352
Norfolk, Virginia, 384
Northrup, Clark, 237
North Sea, 103
Norway, 146
Nova Scotia, 95
Oberste Heeresleitung (OHL), 36–37
Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), 110
opium, 92
Orozco, Pascual, 228
Orton, 122
Ott, Louis, 285
Pabst’s, New York City, 128
Paddison, 306
Page, Walter, 389
Pain Fireworks Display Company bombing, 94
Paris, 48, 79, 211
passports, 86–90, 146, 257, 332, 410
forgery scheme, 87, 87, 88–90, 91, 112, 283
U.S. requirements, 86
Patapsco River, 81
Pearce letter, 292, 295, 309–10, 314
Perth Amboy, New Jersey, 199
Petitt, Sheriff, 328
Philadelphia, 379
Phoebus, 183–84
phosgene gas, 267
Physick, 297–301
pneuomograph, 5
poisoning, 229
arsenic, 11
Polignani, Amedeo, 44–45, 116, 117
as Frank Baldo, 44–45, 53–58
Brescia Circle investigation, 44–45, 53–58
Polk, Franklin, 108–12, 385, 387
Port Colborne, 162
potassium chlorate, 186
press, 217, 22–23, 270–71, 292, 305, 388–89
on German sabotage operations in U.S., 346–48, 412, 417, 420
on Lusitania sinking, 338
on Muenter case, 307–8, 310, 315, 327–29
Pearce letter and, 292, 309–10, 314
pro-German, 340, 345, 388
Washington, D.C., 292, 295, 417
See also specific publications
>
Price, Charles, 302
Pullman, Raymond, 309–10
Queens, New York, 43
Resolute, 289
Rice, Malvin, 145, 167, 169
Rio Lages, 262
Ritz-Carlton, New York, 172, 388
Ritz Hotel, Philadelphia, 379
Rochambeau, 262
Rockefeller, John D., 24
bombing attack attempt against, 24, 25
Rockefeller Institute, New York, 271
Room 40, 104–5, 210, 416–17
Roosevelt, Theodore, 18, 98, 108, 195
Rough Riders, 99
Rotterdam, 332
Rough Riders, 99
Royal Navy, 40, 59–60, 76, 78, 269
rudder bombs, 233–34, 247–59, 259, 260–63, 280, 389, 421
detonation, 259
Russia, 31, 36–37, 144, 266
army, 144, 211–16
transport of munitions from America to, 211–17
U.S. credit to, 137
von Rintelen’s munitions scheme, 211–17
World War I, 31, 39, 48, 80, 134, 137, 144, 171, 211–17
Ryan, Jerry, 325–28
St. Alphonsus Church, Brooklyn, 23
St. Louis, 75, 228
St. Patrick’s Cathedral bombing attempt, 15–17, 56–58, 60–61, 61
St. Petersburg, 48
Samland, SS, 94–95
Samoa, 108
San Francisco, 233, 266
Scandinavia, 89, 266
Scheele, Walter, 39, 175–84, 233, 363–68
cigar bomb, 176–98, 363
Hoboken laboratory, 179–82, 362–64, 373
Schimmel, Karl, 374, 375
Schleindl, Friedrich, 399–400, 400, 401–2
Schmidt, Carl, 363, 373
Scholz, Walter, 202, 207, 247–52, 258, 259
Scotland, 136
Scull, Guy, 19, 98–102, 113, 117, 126, 128, 165, 185, 195–96, 198, 324, 385, 387, 407, 416
background of, 99
Seaboard National Bank, 307
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), 105, 113, 227
Secret Service (U.S.), 109, 207, 208, 339–49, 421
Albert papers fiasco, 340–49
surveillance of German spy network, 339–49, 388–91
Section V, 102–8, 210, 226–28, 243–44, 331, 389, 416–17
Sektion Politik des Generalstabes, 37
Senff, Henry, 118, 191, 360, 371–73
background of, 118
Serbia, 31, 48
Shakespeare, William, 123
shipboard fires and munitions plant explosions, 91–95, 100–102, 121–23, 179, 183–98, 215–16, 232–34, 244, 260–63, 330–31, 402, 411–13, 421. See also specific ships and munitions plants
Shipping News, 183, 184, 216, 233, 234
Siberia, 266
Siebs, Paul (aka Karl Oppegaarde), 199–204, 207
Singer Building, New York, 205
Sketch, The, 347