Louis XVIII of France ref 1
Louis Philippe of France ref 1
Low Countries ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Luddites ref 1, ref 2
Luther, Martin ref 1, ref 2, ref 3n
Lutherism ref 1
Mabinogion ref 1
Macadam, John ref 1
Macaulay, Thomas ref 1
Macbeth, King ref 1
MacDonald, Alexander ref 1
Macdonald, Donald ref 1
MacDonald, Ramsay ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
McGill, James ref 1
Mackenzie, Alexander ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Macmillan, Harold ref 1
MacMurrough, Dermot ref 1
Madras ref 1, ref 2
Magellan, Ferdinand ref 1
Magna Carta ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Malcolm III, of Scotland ref 1, ref 2
Malcolm IV of Scotland ref 1
Manbridge, Albert ref 1
Mandela, Nelson ref 1
Manila ref 1, ref 2
Mansfield, Lord ref 1, ref 2
Mar, Earl of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Marcher Lords ref 1, ref 2
Marcian ref 1
Margaret of Anjou ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Margaret, Queen of Scotland ref 1
Marguerite of France ref 1
Maria Theresa, Empress ref 1, ref 2
Martinique ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Marx, Karl, ref 1
Mary I (Bloody) ref 1, ref 2
Mary II ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Mary of Modena ref 1
Mary, Princess Royal ref 1
Mary, Queen of Scots ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Massachusetts ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
see also Boston Tea Party
Matilda, Empress ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Matilda, Queen (wife of Henry I) ref 1
Matilda, Queen (wife of William I) ref 1
Matthews, Toby ref 1
Maurice, Prince, ref 1
Menzies, Bob ref 1
Mercia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4 passim, ref 5
Methodism ref 1
Metropolitan Police ref 1
Michael of Kent, Prince ref 1
Middle East ref 1, ref 2
Midlands ref 1, ref 2
Minorca ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Minto, 4th Earl ref 1
Moleyns, Adam ref 1
Molyneaux, William ref 1
monasteries ref 1
Monck, George ref 1
Monroe, James ref 1
Mons ref 1
Montagu, Charles ref 1
Montagu, Edward ref 1
Montagu, Edwin ref 1
Montagu, George, Earl of Halifax ref 1
Montenegro ref 1
Montfort, Simon de (elder) ref 1
Montfort, Simon de (younger) ref 1
Moore, John ref 1
Moray, Andrew ref 1
Moray, Earl of ref 1
Morcar, Earl ref 1
More, Thomas ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Morgan, Capt. Henry ref 1
Mortimer, Edmund ref 1, ref 2
Mortimer, Roger de ref 1, ref 2
Mountbatten, Lord ref 1, ref 2
Mountjoy, Lord ref 1, ref 2
Muhammad Ahmad ref 1
Muhammad Ali ref 1, ref 2
Murray, James ref 1
Muscovy Company ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Muslim League ref 1, ref 2 ref 3, ref 4
Mussolini, Benito ref 1
Nandakumar, Maharaja ref 1
Nanking, Treaty of ref 1
Napoleon I of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Napoleon III of France ref 1
Napoleonic Wars ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Peninsular War ref 1, ref 2
Talavera, Battle of ref 1
Nasser, Gamal, ref 1
national anthem ref 1
National Debt ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
National Health Service ref 1, ref 2
NATO ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Nazism ref 1
Nehru, Jawaharlal ref 1, ref 2
Nelson, Admiral Horatio ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Nennius ref 1
Neolithic Age ref 1, ref 2
Nero, Emperor ref 1, ref 2
Netherlands ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12
Neville, Anne ref 1
New Hampshire ref 1
New Model Army ref 1, ref 2
New Orleans, Battle of ref 1
New York ref 1
New Zealand ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Newcastle, Duke of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Newfoundland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11
Newfoundland Company ref 1
Newport, Christopher ref 1
Nicholas III, Pope ref 1
Nightingale, Florence ref 1, ref 2
Ninian, Bishop ref 1, ref 2
Nithsdale, Earl of ref 1
non-conformism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Norfolk, Duke of ref 1, ref 2
Norman Conquest ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
period preceding ref 1
North America ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Britain’s first colony in ref 1
British taxation of ref 1
East of, potential in ref 1
growth of colonies in ref 1
Import Duties Act concerning ref 1
Mayflower sails to ref 1
natives of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
non-exotic commodities from ref 1
Plymouth colony founded in ref 1
transportation to ref 1
War of Independence in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
see also United States
North West Company ref 1, ref 2
North, Baron, Earl of Guildford ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
North, Lord ref 1
Northampton, Treaty of ref 1
Northcote, Stafford ref 1
Northern Ireland ref 1, ref 2
Civil Rights Movement ref 1
Troubles in ref 1, ref 2
see also Ulster
Northern Rebellion ref 1
Northumberland, Earls of ref 1, ref 2
Nova Scotia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
O’Connell, Daniel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
O’Connell, David ref 1
O’Connor, Rory ref 1
Odo, Bishop ref 1, ref 2
Offa ref 1, ref 2
dyke of ref 1
Ohio ref 1
Olaf, King ref 1, ref 2
O’Neill Hugh, Earl of Tyrone ref 1, ref 2
Opium Wars ref 1, ref 2
Orange Order ref 1
Order of the Garter ref 1, ref 2
Ormonde, Marquess of ref 1
Osbern, William fitz ref 1
Oswald, King ref 1
Otto I ref 1
Ottoman Empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Oxford University ref 1, ref 2
Paine, Tom ref 1
Paiton, John ref 1
Pakistan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Palmerston, Lord ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Pamphleteers ref 1, ref 2
Pankhurst, Emmeline ref 1
Paris Treaty ref 1
Parisi ref 1
Parliament, English/British:
Act (1911) ref 1
attempts to reform ref 1
Barebones ref 1
bishops banned from ref 1
burned down ref 1
Cavalier ref 1
Charles I’s confrontation with, see Charles I
and Church of England ref 1
emergence of ref 1
and English Civil War, see main entry
and English In
terregnum ref 1
enters language ref 1
first Labour administration in ref 1
gaps between ref 1
gin tax by ref 1
Good ref 1
of Great Britain, first ref 1
High Church Tories dominate ref 1
James I’s confrontation with, see James I/VI
locations of ref 1, ref 2
Long ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Lords and Commons, distinction between ref 1
Merciless ref 1
party system in, beginnings of ref 1
political parties begin in ref 1
power of, to oust Prime Minister ref 1
Rump ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
sale of seats in ref 1
Scottish, see Scottish Parliament
Short ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and Star Chamber ref 1
at summons of monarch ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Parnell, Charles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Parr, Catherine ref 1, ref 2
Paul IV, Pope ref 1
Paulinus ref 1
Pearl Harbor ref 1
Peasants’ Revolt ref 1, ref 2
Peel, Maj. Gen. Jonathan ref 1
Peel, Robert ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Pelham, Henry ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Pembroke, Earl of ref 1
Penda, King ref 1, ref 2
penny stamp introduced ref 1
peppers and spices ref 1
Pepys, Samuel ref 1, ref 2
Perceval, Spencer ref 1, ref 2
Percy, Henry (Hotspur) ref 1, ref 2
Pergami, Bartolomeo ref 1
Perrers, Alice ref 1
Pery, Edmond ref 1
Peterloo ref 1
Petty, Lord Henry ref 1
Petty-FitzMaurice, William, Earl of Shelburne ref 1
Philip I of France ref 1
Philip II Augustus of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Philip II of Spain ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Philip IV of France ref 1, ref 2
Philip VI of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Philip, Duke of Anjou ref 1, ref 2
Philip, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh ref 1, ref 2
Philippa of Hainault ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Picts ref 1, ref 2
Pilgrim Fathers ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Pilgrimage of Grace ref 1
pirates ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Pitt, William, the Elder ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15
Pitt, William, the Younger ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22, ref 23
plague ref 1; see also Great Plague of London
Plantagenet, Eleanor (Eleanor of Leicester) ref 1
Plassey, Battle of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Plautius ref 1, ref 2
Plymouth Company ref 1
Pocahontas ref 1, ref 2
Poitiers, Battle of ref 1, ref 2
Poland ref 1, ref 2
Pole, Reginald ref 1, ref 2
police, beginnings of ref 1
poll taxes ref 1
Poor Laws ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Pope, Alexander ref 1
population ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15
Portland, Duke of ref 1
Portugal ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
pottery ref 1
Prado, Convention of ref 1
Presbyterians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Priestley, Joseph ref 1
Prince Edward Island ref 1, ref 2
Protestantism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6 passim
perceived superiority of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
in Ireland, see Ireland: religious identity in
in Scotland, see Scotland: religious identity in
succession of ref 1
see also Church of England; Puritanism
Provisions of Oxford ref 1, ref 2
Provisions of Westminster ref 1
Prussia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Pulteney, William ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Purchas, Samuel ref 1
Puritanism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Pym, John ref 1
Quakers ref 1, ref 2
Quebec ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Radcot Bridge, Battle of ref 1
Radicals ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Raffles, Stamford ref 1
Raglan, Lord ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Ragnarsson, Ivar (the Boneless) ref 1
Raleigh, George ref 1
Raleigh, Walter ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Reagan, Ronald ref 1
Redwald, King ref 1
Reform Acts ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Reformation ref 1, ref 2
Reid, Dr James ref 1
Renaissance ref 1, ref 2
Restoration ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Revolt of the Earls ref 1
Reynolds, Dr John ref 1, ref 2
Reynolds, Joshua ref 1, ref 2
Rhodes, Cecil ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Rhodesia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Rhuddlan, Statute of ref 1
Ribault, Jean ref 1
Rich, Robert, Earl of Warwick ref 1
Richard I ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Richard II ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
passim, ref 1, ref 2
Richard III ref 1, ref 2
Richard de Clare ref 1
Richard of Shrewsbury ref 1
Richard, Duke of York ref 1
Richmond, Countess of ref 1
Richmond, Earl of ref 1
Rivers, Earl ref 1
Robert the Bruce ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; see also Bruce, Robert
Robert of Gloucester ref 1, ref 2
Robert, Duke of Normandy (elder) ref 1
Robert, Duke of Normandy (younger) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Roberts, Lord ref 1
Robespierre, Maximilien ref 1
Rodolph I, Emperor ref 1
Roger of Salisbury ref 1
Roger, Earl ref 1
Rollo, King ref 1
Romania ref 1, ref 2
Romilly, Samuel ref 1
Roosevelt, F. D. ref 1
Rosebery, Lord ref 1
Ross, Alexander ref 1
Royal Academy ref 1
Royal Air Force ref 1, ref 2
Royal Society ref 1
Rupert, Prince ref 1
Russell, Lord ref 1, ref 2
Russell, Lord John ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Russia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13
and World Wars, see First World War; Second World War
Ryswick, Treaty of ref 1, ref 2
St Augustine ref 1, ref 2
St Christopher ref 1
St Dunstan ref 1, ref 2
St Gervase Priory ref 1
St John, Henry, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
St Lucia ref 1, ref 2
St Paul’s Cathedral ref 1
St Vincent ref 1, ref 2
Saladin ref 1, ref 2
Salisbury, Countess of ref 1
Salisbury, Lord ref 1
Sancroft, William ref 1
Saratoga, Battle of ref 1
Savage, M. J. ref 1
Saxons ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11
Scotland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19
Church lands of ref 1
and Act of Union ref 1, ref
2, ref 3
and Alien Act ref 1
Balliol takes throne of ref 1
and Bishops’ War ref 1
Canada ‘empire’ of ref 1
Church of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
England invaded by ref 1
England’s union with ref 1
France renews alliance with ref 1
General Assembly of ref 1
and Jacobite cause ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Macgregors of ref 1
penniless court of ref 1
printing in ref 1, ref 2
religious identity in ref 1, ref 2
strong export trade from ref 1
throne of, Edward I’s arbitration concerning ref 1
Scotland Yard ref 1
Scott, Walter ref 1
Scottish Parliament ref 1, ref 2
Scrope, Lady ref 1, ref 2
Scrope, Lord ref 1
Scrope, Richard ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Second World War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
timeline of ref 1
Serbia ref 1
Seven Years War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset ref 1, ref 2
Seymour, Jane ref 1, ref 2
Seymour, John ref 1
Shakespeare, William ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Sharp, Granville ref 1
Sheridan, Richard ref 1, ref 2
Sheridan, Thomas ref 1
Shirley, William ref 1
Shrewsbury, Battle of ref 1
Siddons, Sarah ref 1
Sidney, Algernon ref 1, ref 2
Silesia ref 1, ref 2
Silures ref 1
Simnel, Lambert ref 1
Singapore ref 1, ref 2
Siraj-ud-daula, Nawab ref 1, ref 2
Siwardson, Waltheof ref 1
slavery ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Britain’s abolition of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Society for Abolition of ref 1
white ref 1
Sluys, Battle of ref 1
Smith, Adam ref 1
Smith, Capt. John ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Smith, William ref 1
Smith-Stanley, Edward ref 1
Smollett, Tobias ref 1, ref 2
Smuts, Jan ref 1
Smythe, Thomas ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Solway Moss, Battle of ref 1
Somers, George ref 1, ref 2
Sophia of Hanover ref 1
Soult, Marshal Nicholas ref 1
South Africa ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
South America ref 1, ref 2
South Sea Company ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Spain ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
and Bermuda ref 1
Britain’s wars with ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
and Convention of Prado ref 1
Empire of ref 1
and Huguenots ref 1
James I/VI’s peace with ref 1
in Napoleonic Wars, see main entry
and Treaty of Vienna ref 1
Spanish Armada ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
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