by Jim Murphy
Feder, Kenneth L. Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology. 4th ed., Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.
Gillette, William. The Right to Vote: Politics and the Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1969.
Harris, Neil. Humbug: The Art of P. T. Barnum. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1973.
Kasson, John. Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1176–1900. New York: Hill and Wang, 1999.
Kimiecik, Kathy. “The Strange Case of the Silver Lake Sea Serpent.” New York Folklore Society Newsletter 9, no. 1 (Summer 1988): 10–11.
Lepper, Bradley T. and Jeff Gill. “The Newark Holy Stones.” Timeline 17, no. 3 (May/June 2000): 17–25.
Loewenberg, Bert James. “Darwinism Comes to America, 1859–1900.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 28, no. 3 (December 1941): 339–368.
Millar, R. The Piltdown Men. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972.
Shermer, Michael. Why People Believe Weird Things. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1997.
Thompson, C. J. S. The Mystery and Lore of Monsters: With Accounts of Some Giants, Dwarfs and Prodigies. London: Williams & Norgate, 1930.
Time-Life Books. Library of Curious and Unusual Facts: Hoaxes and Deceptions. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1991.
Twain, Mark. Sketches New and Old. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1922.
Walsh, John Evangelist. Unraveling Piltdown: The Science Fraud of the Century and Its Solution. New York: Random House, 1996.
Wiley, Gordon R., and Jeremy A. Sabloff. A History of American Archaeology. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1993.
Williams, Stephen. Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.
Note: Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations.
A
Allen, William, 89
African Americans, 30–31, 31
American Goliah, The (pamphlet), 36, 37, 39, 46, 58
Andrews, James, 16
Anthropology, 22, 83, 93
Archaeology, 22, 41, 49, 50, 83, 90–94. See also Fossils
Archaeoraptor liaoningensis (dinosaur), 88–89, 89
B
Barnard, George, 64
Barnum, P. T., 32, 34, 49, 60, 61, 62–66, 71, 72, 78, 88
Beringer, Johann, 90–91, 90
Bible, stories of, 16, 17, 22, 37, 40, 47, 48, 54, 91–92
Boston, 29, 55, 73–74
Boynton, John, 21–23, 22
and Cardiff Giant, 25, 28, 39, 41, 54, 67–68, 70
marriage of, 23, 24
and religion, 22–23
British Royal Academy, London, 92
Burkhardt, Edward, 51, 59, 77
C
Cardiff, New York, 7, 9–13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 25, 29, 39–40, 43–45, 46, 47, 53, 55, 56, 59, 62, 77, 96–97. See also Newell, William “Stub”: farm of
Cardiff Giant, 13, 14, 18, 33, 37, 56, 57, 81, 84, 85, 86, 97
in ads, 39–40, 58, 63, 84
books about, 54, 71, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 96
copies of, 60, 62–66, 71–72, 84, 87–88, 87
creation of, 47–49, 50–51, 52, 53–54
crowds of onlookers, 15, 16, 19–21, 25, 26–28, 27, 32, 33, 36, 39, 55–56, 57–58, 60, 63–64, 66, 74, 87
discovery of, 7, 9–13, 28, 42, 45, 49, 59, 68, 81, 96
exhibits of, 26–28, 27, 31–33, 33, 34, 36, 38, 55, 56–58, 60, 63, 65, 66, 73–76, 84, 85, 85, 86, 87–88
fame of, 15, 19–21, 25, 28–33, 41, 57, 58–59, 62, 72, 74, 87
features of, 11, 12, 21, 27–28, 29, 37, 38, 39, 53
as hoax, 42–43, 45–46, 54, 63, 67–68, 70–72, 74, 78–79, 81, 83, 84–85, 87–88, 90, 97. See also Cardiff Giant: creation of
income from, 16, 18, 26, 28, 31, 32, 34, 36, 39–40, 50–51, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 71, 73, 77, 78
in later years, 75–76, 81–83, 84–89, 85, 86, 96–97
as man-made statue, 25, 28, 39, 40–41, 42, 45, 48, 63, 77. See also Cardiff Giant: creation of
moving, 16, 18, 40, 53–54, 55–56, 56, 57
newspaper stories about, 7, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28–30, 29, 31, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44–46, 49, 51, 55, 62, 63, 66, 68, 70–71, 73–75, 79, 81
nicknames of, 30, 68, 72, 75
owners of, 34, 36, 39, 40, 45, 46, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64–65, 66, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75–76, 77–78, 81, 85. See also Hull, George; Newell, William “Stub”
pamphlet about, 33, 36, 37, 39, 46
as petrified man, 7, 11, 12, 15, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 29, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 48, 53, 55, 62, 63, 64
protection of, 18, 25, 26, 36
scientists’ opinions on, 21, 25, 28, 37, 39, 40–41, 46, 54, 55, 67, 68, 70, 73, 75
suspicions and rumors about, 41, 42–43, 41–45, 46, 55, 59, 70–72
Carmer, Carl, 87
Civil War, U.S., 9, 22, 30
Clark, John, 19
Clark, Joshua V., 15–16
Colorado Giant, 78–79, 79, 84
Colossal Hoax, A (Tribble), 96
Cowles, Gardner, Jr., 85, 87
Crocker, Samuel, 78, 79
Cuykendall, Eugene, 21
D
Dana, Henry, 21
Darwin, Charles, On the Origin of Species, 48–49
David and Goliath, 16, 17, 37
Dawson, Charles, 92–93, 92
De Hass, Wills, 41
Dunn, James Taylor, 87
E
Ellis, Thomas B., 45
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 73
Emmons, Gideon, 9, 11–13, 45
Ethics, 71, 81, 83, 88, 91, 95. See also Hoaxes
F
Farmers’ Museum, Cooperstown, 86, 87, 96
Feejee Mermaid, 49, 50, 88
Fellows, Avery, 42, 53
Fifteenth Amendment to U.S. Constitution, 30, 31
Fisk, James, 30
Forbes, Silas, 19
Fort Dodge gypsum, 51, 52, 70
Fossils, 15–16
hoaxes about, 34, 35, 36, 40, 49, 53, 69, 78, 88–89, 89, 90, 90–94. See also Cardiff Giant: as hoax
Fox sisters, 44, 44
Fraud. See Hoaxes
Fujimura, Shinichi, 93–94, 94
G
Geology, 22, 41, 49, 50, 53, 70, 75, 83, 90, 93
Geraud, Jules, 45–46, 68
Giantmaker, The (Hull/Rankin), 54, 71, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 96
Gilded Age, 82–83
Gott, Calvin O., 13, 55, 56, 62, 75–76
photographs by, 13, 14, 18, 27, 56
Gould, Jay, 30
Grant, Ulysses S., 30
Great Zeuglodon, 34, 35, 36, 88
Greed, 47, 54, 59, 81, 82–83
Greeley, Horace, 65, 74–75
Gypsum, 51, 52, 66, 67–68, 70, 77
H
Hall, James, 41, 54, 75
Hannum, David, 76, back of book jacket
Haynes, John, 12, 19
Hoaxes, 90–94. See also Archaeoraptor liaoningensis; Barnum, P. T.; Cardiff Giant: as hoax; Colorado Giant; Feejee Mermaid; Fossils: hoaxes about; Fox sisters; Great Zeuglodon; Hull, George; Japan, hoax in; Madoff, Bernie; Newark Holy Stones; Newell, William “Stub”; Piltdown Man; Ponzi schemes; Silver Lake Monster; Thumb, General Tom; Wood, Joseph H.
people’s susceptibility to, 12–13, 15–16, 30, 40–41, 43–45, 46, 49, 50, 58–59, 81–84
Hooker, George, 45
Houghton, Billy, 15, 26–28, 33, 36, 75
Hull, George, 42–43, 48. See also Cardiff Giant: income from
and Cardiff Giant, 45, 46, 47–51, 52, 53–54, 59, 63, 68, 70, 74, 77–79, 81, 83, 88
and Colorado Giant, 78–79, 79
death of, 79, 81
and The Giantmaker. See Giantmaker, The (Hull/Rankin)
motivations of, 47–50, 54, 78, 81
H
ydrargos. See Great Zeuglodon
I
Industrial Revolution, 58, 81–82, 82
J
Japan, hoax in, 93–94
Jenkins, Mary West, 24
Johnson, Andrew, 30
K
Kasson, John, 49, 59
Keally, Charles T., 93
Koch, Albert, 35
L
Lawrence, James, 42
Lincoln, Abraham, 30
London, Jack, 85
Long, William J., 85
M
Madoff, Bernie, 95
Marsh, O. C., 68, 69, 70
Martin, Rev. Benjamin, 49
Martin, Henry, 50–51, 59, 70, 74, 77
Marvin’s Marvelous Mechanical Museum, Farmington Hills, 87–88, 87
McDonald, Miron, 21
Miller, Gerrit S., 93
Miller, William, and Millerites, 43–44
Mohrmann, Frederick, 51, 74
Mormon church (Latter-day Saints), 22–23, 43
N
National Geographic Society (and magazine), 88–89
National History Museum, London, 93
Newark Holy Stones, 91–92, 91
Newell, William “Stub,” 77, 87. See also Cardiff Giant: income from
and crowds, 15, 16, 19–20, 26, 36
and discovery of giant, 9, 11–13, 42–43
farm of, 9, 10, 11–13, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 26, 27, 33, 39, 40, 42–43, 47, 53, 55–56, 56, 57, 60, 67, 71, 97, 97
offers made to, 16, 21, 25, 32–33, 34, 60, 62
suspicions of hoax, 41, 42, 44–45, 46, 47, 59, 66
New York City, 22, 29, 49, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 71
Newspapers, stories about the Cardiff Giant. See Cardiff Giant: newspaper stories about
New York Supreme Court, 64
Nichols, Henry, 9, 11–13, 45
O
Oda, Shizuo, 93
Olson, Storrs, 88–89
Onondaga
county of, 15–20, 37, 38, 41, 44, 63, 96–97. See also Cardiff, New York; Syracuse, New York
Indian tribe, 11, 12–13, 15, 20–21, 20
and the Cardiff Giant, 20–21, 30, 41, 44, 63, 68
Stone Giants of, 12–13, 15, 20–21
Onondaga Giant, The (pamphlet), 33
Otto, Carl Franz, 62, 64, 72
Owen, Rev. E. F., 40
P
Park, Elizah, 21
Parker, John, 11–13, 45
Parsons, Galusha, 70
Piltdown Man, 92–93, 92
Ponzi schemes, 95
R
Randolph Street Museum, Chicago, 34
Rankin, John, 59, 76, 76, 78, 79–81, 96
Religion. See Bible, stories of; Beringer, Johann; Mormon church (Latter-day Saints); Newark Holy Stones
Roosevelt, Theodore, 85
S
Salle, Henry, 51, 74
Scientists, professional, 83–84
Seaman, Ezra C., 43
Searle, Ashbil, 40
Seton, Ernest Thompson, 85
Silver Lake Monster, 44
Sloan, Christopher P., 88
Smith, Fillmore, 67–68, 70
Smith, Joseph, 22, 23, 43
Smithsonian Institution, 68, 83, 88, 93
Son, Benjamin, 59
Spencer, William, 34, 59
Syracuse, New York, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 37, 40, 41, 42, 45, 54, 55, 56–57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 67, 70, 77, 81
newspapers of. See Cardiff Giant: newspaper stories about
T
Thorne, Stephen, 77–78
Thumb, General Tom, 61
Tribble, Scott, 83, 96
Turk, Henry B., 47–48
Tweed, William M. “Boss,” 64, 65
W
Walker, Artemus, 44
Walrath, Ezra, 70–71, 78, 79, 81
Weiner, Joseph, 93
Westcott, Amos, 62, 74, 78, 81
White, Andrew, 26–27, 32, 32, 40, 46, 83
Wood, George, 60, 62–66, 71
Wood, Col. Joseph H., 34, 35, 36, 49, 56, 60, 72, 88
Woodmansee, Smith, 11–13, 45
Woodward, Sir Arthur Smith, 93
Wyrick, David, 91–92
Jim Murphy is the celebrated author of more than thirty-five books for young readers. His carefully researched, engaging, and elegantly written nonfiction has garnered the most prestigious awards in the field, including two Newbery Honors, a Sibert Medal, and the Margaret A. Edwards Lifetime Achievement Award. He lives in Maplewood, New Jersey, with his wife and two sons.
Visit Jim Murphy at his website: www.JimMurphyBooks.com
Copyright © 2012 by Jim Murphy
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Murphy, Jim, 1947–
The giant and how he humbugged America. / by Jim Murphy.—1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-439-69184-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Cardiff giant—Juvenile literature.
2. Cardiff (N.Y.)—Antiquities—Juvenile literature.
3. New York (State)—Antiquities—Juvenile literature.
4. Forgery of antiquities—New York (State)—Cardiff—Juvenile literature. I. Title.
F129.C27M87 2012
974.7’65—dc23
2011036798
e-ISBN: 978-0-545-53775-9
First edition, October 2012
Cover, right: © De Agostini Picture Library/ Getty Images
Cover, bottom: © Bettmann/Corbis
Cover, background: © ginosphotos/iStockphoto
Special thanks to Steven Diamond, Alan Gottlieb, and Nicole Durrant from
Scholastic’s Photo Resource Department for their tenacious work in tracking down the art.
And to Wayne Wright, Head Librarian, Research Library, New York State Historical Association,
Cooperstown, New York, for his thoughtful and meticulous fact checking and consultation of the manuscript and art.