21. Ibid., p. 89.
22. Ibid., p. 88.
23. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 8.
24. Ibid., p. 9.
25. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. xii.
26. James Tobin, To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), p. 92.
27. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. xiii.
28. Tom D. Crouch, A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905 (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), p. 224.
29. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 14.
30. Ibid., p. 13.
31. Ibid., p. 14.
32. Ibid.
33. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 285.
34. Douglas, E. Campbell, Patent Log: Innovative Patents That Advanced the United States Navy (LuLu.com, 2013), p. 372.
PART 1: PREFLIGHT
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 450.
Chapter 1: The Biographer—1942
1. Fred C. Kelly, “Flying Machines and the War: An Interview with Orville Wright,” Colliers 55 (July 31, 1915). This article was reprinted in Frank Simonds, History of the World War, vol. 1 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1917).
2. Fred Kelly, “How the Wright Brothers Began,” Harper's Magazine, October 1939.
3. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 519.
4. Fred Kelly, Fred C. Kelly Papers (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University, Overview, 1882–1959).
5. Roz Young, “Mabel Beck's Story Part of the Wright Brothers’ History,” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993.
6. Katharine Wright, on behalf of Orville Wright, January 1915, Archive of Papers Concerning the Writing and Eventual Publications of a Lengthy Biography of Orville and Wilbur Wright, Christies Fine Printed Books and Manuscripts, https://www.christies.com/features/The-Wright-Brothers-revealed-in-their-letters-and-photographs-7961-1.aspx (accessed July 24, 2018).
7. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 476.
8. Young, “Mabel Beck's Story.”
9. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 516.
10. Ibid., p. 519.
Chapter 2: The Letter—1948
1. Roz Young, “Orville Did More Than Invent in His Shop—Years Can't Erase Memories,” Dayton Daily News, December 4, 1993.
2. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 476.
3. Roz Young, “Wilbur's Death Left Mabel to Insinuate Herself into Orville's Life,” Dayton Daily News, November 27, 1993; Roz Young, “Mabel Beck's Story, Part of the Wright Brothers’ History,” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993.
4. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 476.
5. Young, “Mabel Beck's Story”; Young, “Orville Did More than Invent.”
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Young, “Mabel Beck's Story.”
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.; Roz Young, “Mabel Alone after Orville's Death,” Dayton Daily News, December 11, 1993.
11. Ibid.
12. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 525.
13. Ibid., p. 526.
14. Ibid.
Chapter 3: The Murderer—1884
1. Paul Pfeifer, “Wilbur Wright and the Hockey Stick,” Highland County Press, August 2016.
2. “Cocaine in Coca-Cola,” Snopes, published May 19, 1999, updated April 8, 2017, https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/cocaine-coca-cola/.
3. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 65.
4. Ibid., p. 74.
5. Pfeifer, “Wilbur Wright and the Hockey Stick.”
6. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 75.
7. Ibid.
8. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 14.
9. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers Glenn Curtiss and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 35.
10. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 22.
11. Ibid., p. 25.
12. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 11.
13. Ibid., p. 14.
14. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 90.
15. Ibid., p. 91.
16. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Dover, 2013), p. 205.
17. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 77.
18. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 17.
19. Thos R. Coles, “The ‘Wright Boys’ as a Schoolmate Knew Them,” in Out West Magazine 32–33 (January 1910).
20. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 77.
21. Ibid., p. 76.
22. Ibid., p. 110.
23. Ibid., p. 93.
24. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 60.
25. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 94.
26. Ibid., p. 95.
27. Ibid., p. 96.
28. Ibid.
29. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 21.
30. James Tobin, To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), p. 46.
Chapter 4: Steam Bugs—1896
1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 132.
2. Ibid., p. 134.
3. Ibid., p. 139.
4. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: the Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 20.
5. Ibid.
6. Frank Harris, Fortnightly Review 52 (New York: Leonard Scott, 1892): 445.
7. Goldstone, Birdmen, p. 20.
8. Ibid., p. 22.
9. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 138.
10. Ibid., p. 139.
11. Stephen Goddard, Race to the Sky: The Wright Brothers versus the United States Government (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003), p. 40.
12. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 140.
13. Tom D. Crouch, A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905 (New York: Norton, 2002), p. 159.
14. Ibid., p. 160.
15. Goddard, Race to the Sky, p. 24.
16. Crouch, Dream of Wings, p. 160.
17. Ibid., p. 162.
18. American Engineer and Railroad Journal, Proceedings on the International Conference on Aerial Navigation Held in Chicago, August 1, 2, 3, and 4, 1893 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, Baker Library, 1894).
19. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 149.
Chapter 5: Typhoid—1896
1. Bronwyn Rae, “Water, Typhoid Rates, and the Columbian Exposition in Chicago,” Public Health Review 2 (2015).
2. Emil C. Gotschlich, “Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish American War and Military Medicine,” Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, no. 1 (January 3, 2005).
3. Kurt Ray, Typhoid Fever (New York: Rosen, 2002), p. 13.
4. Richard Maurer, The Wright Sister: Katherine Wright and Her Famous Brothers (New York: Macmillan, 2016), p. 88.
5. Tom D. Crouch, First Flight: The Wright Brothers and the Invention of the Airplane (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2002), p. 24.
6. Ibid., p. 25.
7. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 113.
8. Thomas Means, Aeronautical Annual (New York: W. E. Clarke, 1894), p. 25.
9. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 22.
10. Ibid., p. 24.
11. Crouch, First Flight, p. 29.
12. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 29.
13. Etienne Jules Mary, Popular Science Monthly 6 (1874): 248.
14. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 4.
15. Ibid., p.
5.
16. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 160.
17. Washington Post, December 24, 1897.
18. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 160.
19. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 5.
20. Wilbur Wright, “The Story of Flight,” Aeronautics 15 (1914).
21. Terrance MacDonald, Firsts in Flight: Alexander Graham Bell and His Innovative Airplanes (Halifax, NS: Formac, 2017), p. 37.
Chapter 6: Inventors—1900
1. Cecil Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 3.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 27.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Samuel Langley, Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, vols. 1–2 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1911), p. 280.
Chapter 7: School of One—1900
1. Fred Kelly, The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1943), p. 300.
2. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 110.
3. Ibid.
4. Tom D. Crouch, First Flight: The Wright Brothers and the Invention of the Airplane (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2002), p. 34.
5. Kelly, Wright Brothers, p. 34.
6. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 11.
7. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 35.
8. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 11.
9. Ibid., p. 15.
10. Ibid., p. 17.
11. Ibid., p. 16.
12. Ibid., p. 18.
13. Ibid., p. 238.
14. Ibid., p. 15. Italics added.
15. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 39.
16. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 18.
17. Ibid., p. 20.
18. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 37.
19. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 41.
20. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 21.
21. Ibid., p. 22.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., p. 23.
25. Ibid.
Part 2: FLIGHT
Chapter 8: The Pilgrim—1900
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 24.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016), p. 44.
7. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 24.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 25.
10. Ibid.
11. Renee Wright, Explorer's Guide North Carolina's Outer Banks and Crystal Coast (New York: Countryman, 2013), p. 81.
12. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 12.
13. David Stick, An Outer Banks Reader (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), p. 233.
14. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948, p. 1161.
15. Patty Wilson, Haunted North Carolina, Ghosts, and Strange Phenomena of the Tar Heel State (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2009), p. 47.
16. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 284.
17. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of The Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 45.
18. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 25.
19. Ibid., p. 26.
20. McCullough, The Wright Brothers, p. 46.
21. Wright and Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, p. 281.
22. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 34.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid., p. 26.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 188.
30. Ibid., p. 163.
31. Ibid., p. 124.
32. Ibid., p. 163.
33. Ibid., p. 188.
34. John E. Walsh, One Day at Kitty Hawk: The Untold Story of the Wright Brothers and the Airplane (New York: Crowell, 1975), p. 104.
35. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 38.
36. Ibid., p. 32.
37. Ibid., p. 39.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid., p. 33.
40. Ibid., p. 32.
41. Ibid., p. 31.
42. Ibid., p. 39.
43. McCullough, Wright Brothers, p. 49.
44. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 29.
45. Ibid., p. 30.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid., p. 39.
Chapter 9: The Wright Sister—1900
1. Richard Maurer, The Wright Sister: Katherine Wright and Her Famous Brothers (New York: Macmillan, 2016), p. 128.
2. Charles Yrigoyen and Susan Warre, Historical Dictionary of Methodism (Lantham, MD: Scarecrow, 2013), p. 362.
3. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 87.
4. Maurer, Wright Sister, p. 30.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 31.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 35.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 53.
12. Ibid.
13. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 27.
14. Ibid., p. 28.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 27.
Chapter 10: Kill Devil Hills—October 18, 1900
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 31.
2. Ibid., p. 38.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 46.
7. Ibid., p. 30.
8. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 191.
9. Lester Garber, The Wright Brothers and the Birth of Aviation (Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood, 2005), p. 95.
10. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 276.
11. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon and Shuster, 2016), p. 55.
12. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 190.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 52.
16. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 198.
17. Howard, Wilbur and Orville, p. 53.
18. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 106.
19. Larry Tise, Conquering the Sky: The Secret Flights of the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk (New York: St. Martin's, 2009), p. 24.
20. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 43.
Chapter 11: The Mentor—1901
1. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Includ
ing the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 40.
2. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 201.
3. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 41.
4. Ibid., p. 43.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 44.
7. Ibid., p. 45.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 54.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 58.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 61.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 41.
16. Ibid., p. 44.
Chapter 12: Dangerous Times—1901
1. Scott Miller, The President and the Assassin: McKinley, Terror, and Empire at the Dawn of the American Century (New York: Random House, 2013), p. 302.
2. Western Society of Engineers, Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 2 (1897): 595.
3. Cecil Roseberry, Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 35.
4. Ibid., p. 36.
5. Ibid., p. 40.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., p. 42.
8. Ibid., p. 43.
9. Ibid., p. 45.
10. Lawrence Goldstone, Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies (New York: Ballantine, 2015), p. 47.
11. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 56.
12. Ibid., p. 56.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., p. 57.
15. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 227.
16. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 205.
17. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 63.
18. Ibid., p. 66.
Chapter 13: Return to Kitty Hawk—1901
1. Marvin McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 55.
2. Ibid., p. 70.
3. Ibid., p. 68.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 72.
6. Ibid., p. 73.
7. Steven Hensley and Julia Hensley, The Unwelcome Assistant: Edward C. Huffaker and the Birth of Aviation (Johnson City, TN: Overmountain, 2003), p. 101.
8. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 61.
9. McFarland, Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, vol. 1, 1899–1903, p. 69.
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