Wright Brothers, Wrong Story

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Wright Brothers, Wrong Story Page 33

by William Hazelgrove


  7. Ibid.

  8. Ibid.

  Chapter 31: Hammondsport, New York—1915

  1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 486.

  2. Ibid., p. 489.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 1090.

  5. Ibid., p. 1091.

  6. Ibid.

  7. Ibid.

  8. Ibid.

  9. Ibid., p. 1092.

  10. Ibid.

  11. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 487.

  12. Ibid.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Ibid., p. 492.

  16. Ibid.

  17. Ibid., p. 481.

  Chapter 32: Middle of the Atlantic Ocean—1928

  1. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright, ed. Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016), p. 247.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 491.

  Chapter 33: A Test of Wills—1930

  1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 492.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Ibid., p. 493.

  5. Ibid., p. 488.

  6. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 1, 1899–1903 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 115.

  7. Marvin Wilks McFarland, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute, vol. 2, 1906–1948 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 737.

  8. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 488.

  9. Ibid., p. 490.

  10. Ibid.

  11. Ibid.

  12. Ibid.

  13. Ibid., p. 491.

  14. Ibid., p. 492.

  15. Ibid.

  Chapter 34: The Lone Eagle—1934

  1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 493.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Ibid., p. 494.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 495.

  6. Ibid.

  7. Ibid., p. 487.

  8. Ibid., p. 493.

  9. Ibid.

  10. Ibid., p. 494.

  11. Ibid.

  12. Ibid., p. 495.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Susan Hertog, Anne Morrow Lindbergh: Her Life (New York: Anchor, 2000), p. 345.

  16. Ibid., p. 324.

  17. Ibid.

  18. Crouch, Bishop's Boys, p. 495.

  19. Ruth Sarles, A Story of America First: The Men and Women Who Opposed US Intervention in World War II (New York: Greenwood, 2003), p. 56.

  20. Max Wallace, The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich (New York: St. Martin's, 2003), p. 374.

  Chapter 35: The Battle of Britain—1940

  1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 496.

  Chapter 36: The Authorized Biography—1943

  1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 520.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Ibid., p. 521.

  6. Ibid.

  Chapter 37: Washington, DC—1943

  1. Fred Howard, Wilbur And Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Courier, 2013), p. 440.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Ibid.

  Chapter 38: Mabel Beck—1948

  1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 503.

  2. Ibid., p. 431.

  Epilogue

  1. Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), p. 529.

  2. Ibid., p. 527.

  3. Roz Young, “Mabel Beck's Story, Part of the Wright Brothers’ Story,” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993; Roz Young, “Mabel Alone after Orville's Death,” Dayton Daily News, December 11, 1993.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Ibid.; “Letters of Love: Correspondence Reveals Orville's Feelings for Mabel,” Dayton Daily News, January 22, 1994.

  6. Associated Press, “Wright Flyer Replica Fails to Fly,” Wired, December 17, 2003.

  Abbott, C. G. “The 1914 Test of the Langley ‘Aerodrome.’” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 10, no. 1 (1943): 31–35.

  American Engineer and Railroad Journal. Proceedings on the International Conference on Aerial Navigation Held in Chicago. August 1, 2, 3, and 4, 1893. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, Baker Library, 1894.

  Associated Press. “Wright Flyer Replica Fails to Fly.” Wired, December 17, 2003.

  Bauer, Charles J. “Ed Sines, Pal of the Wrights.” Popular Aviation, June 1938, p. 40.

  Beck, Mabel. “The First Airplane after 1903.” US Air Services, December 1954, pp. 9–10.

  Campbell, Douglas E. Patent Log: Innovative Patents That Advanced the United States Navy. LuLu.com, 2013.

  Coles, Thos R. “The ‘Wright Boys’ as a Schoolmate Knew Them.” In Out West Magazine 32–33 (January 1910).

  Collections. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, October 24, 1942.

  Combs, Henry, and Martin Caidin. Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secrets of the Wright Brothers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979.

  Crouch, Tom D. The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989.

  ———. A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane, 1875–1905. New York: W. W. Norton, 2002.

  ———. First Flight: The Wright Brothers and the Invention of the Airplane. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2002.

  Downing, Sarah. Hidden History of the Outer Banks. Charleston, SC: History, 2013.

  Eppler, Mark. The Wright Way: 7 Problem Solving Principles from the Wright Brothers. New York: AMACOM, 2003.

  First Flight Foundation. “Coin Toss.” https://firstflightfoundation.org/coin-toss/.

  Flying Association. “Flying.” Journal of the Flying Association 1 (1912), p. 52.

  Foulois, Benjamin D. From the Wright Brothers to the Astronauts. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

  Garber, Lester. The Wright Brothers and the Birth of Aviation. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood, 2005.

  Goddard, Stephen. Race to the Sky: The Wright Brothers versus the United States Government. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003.

  Goldstone, Lawrence. Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies. New York: Ballantine, 2015.

  Gotschlich, Emil C. “Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish American War and Military Medicine.” Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, no. 1 (January 3, 2005).

  Harper's Magazine, 1940.

  Harris, Frank. Fortnightly Review 52 (New York: Leonard Scott: 1892): 445.

  Hatch, Alden. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Naval Aviation. New York: Messner, 1942.

  Hensley, Steven, and Julia Hensley. The Unwelcome Assistant: Edward C. Huffaker and the Birth of Aviation. Johnson City, TN: Overmountain, 2003.

  Hertog, Susan. Anne Morrow Lindbergh: Her Life. New York: Anchor, 2000.

  Hildebrandt, Alfred. “The Wright Brothers Flying Machine.” American Magazine of Aeronautics 2, no. 1 (January 1908): 13–16.

  Hill, Thomas. “Status of the Wrights’ Suits.” Aeronautics 5–7 (1909): 122.

  Howard, Fred. Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers. New York: Dover, 2013.

  Jakab, Peter L. Visions of a Flying
Machine: The Wright Brothers and the Process of Invention. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 1990.

  Kelly, Fred C. “Flying Machines and the War: An Interview with Orville Wright.” Colliers 55, July 31, 1915. Reprinted in Simonds, Frank. History of the World War. Vol. 1. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1917.

  ———. Fred C. Kelly Papers. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University, Overview, 1882–1959.

  ———. “How the Wright Brothers Began.” Harper's Magazine, October 1939.

  ———. Miracle at Kitty Hawk: The Letters of Wilbur and Orville Wright. New York: Da Capo, 2002.

  ———. The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1943.

  Klooster, John. Icons of Invention. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2009.

  Langley, Samuel. Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight. Vols. 1–2. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1911.

  “Letters of Love: Correspondence Reveals Orville's Feelings for Mabel.” Dayton Daily News, January 22, 1994.

  Lilienthal, Otto. The Problem of Flying. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1894.

  MacDonald, Terrance. Firsts in Flight: Alexander Graham Bell and His Innovative Airplanes. Halifax, NS: Formac, 2017.

  Mackersey, Ian. The Wright Brothers: The Remarkable Story of the Aviation Pioneers Who Changed the World. London: Time Warner, 2004.

  Mary, Etienne Jules. Popular Science Monthly 6 (1874): 248.

  Mason, Herbert Molloy. The United States Air Force: A Turbulent History. New York: Charter, 1976.

  Maurer, Richard. The Wright Sister: Katherine Wright and Her Famous Brothers. New York: Macmillan, 2016.

  McCullough, David. The Wright Brothers. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016.

  McFarland, Marvin Wilks. The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute. Vol. 1, 1899–1903. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

  ———. The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright: Including the Chanute-Wright Letters and Other Papers of Octave Chanute. Vol. 2, 1906–1948. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

  McMahon, John R. The Wright Brothers: Fathers of Flight. Boston: Little, Brown, 1930.

  Means, Thomas. Aeronautical Annual. New York: W. E. Clarke, 1894.

  Miller, Scott. The President and the Assassin: McKinley, Terror, and Empire at the Dawn of the American Century. New York: Random House, 2013.

  Newton, Byron. “Watching the Wright Brothers Fly.” Aeronautics (June 1908): 8.

  Nolan, Patrick, and John Zamonski. The Wright Brothers Collection. Columbus, OH: Wright State University, 1977.

  Parramore, Thomas C. Triumph at Kitty Hawk: The Wright Brothers and Powered Flight. Raleigh, NC: Division of Archives and History, 1993.

  Pfeifer, Paul. “Wilbur Wright and the Hockey Stick.” Highland County Press, August 2016.

  Popular Aviation, December 1928.

  Rae, Bronwyn. “Water, Typhoid Rates, and the Columbian Exposition in Chicago.” Public Health Review 2 (2015).

  Ray, Kurt. Typhoid Fever. New York: Rosen, 2002.

  Root, A. I. “Our Homes.” Gleanings in Bee Culture, September 1, 1904, and January 1, 1905.

  Roseberry, Cecil. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972.

  Sarles, Ruth. A Story of America First: The Men and Women Who Opposed US Intervention in World War II. New York: Greenwood, 2003.

  Short, Simine. Locomotive to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute and the Transportation Revolution. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011.

  Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. “Correcting Smeaton.” https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/fly/1901/smeaton.cfm.

  ———. “1903 Wright Flyer Fabric Taken to Moon: Apollo 11.” https://airandspace.si.edu/multimedia-gallery/430-l1-s1hjpg.

  Stick, David. An Outer Banks Reader. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

  Taylor, Charles. “My Story of the Wright Brothers.” As Told to Robert S. Ball. Collier's Weekly 122, no. 20 (December 25, 1948): 26–27.

  Tise, Larry. Conquering the Sky: The Secret Flights of the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk. New York: St. Martin's, 2009.

  Tobin, James. To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.

  Wallace, Max. The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin's, 2003.

  Walsh, John E. One Day at Kitty Hawk: The Untold Story of the Wright Brothers and the Airplane. New York: Crowell, 1975.

  Washington Post, December 24, 1897.

  Western Society of Engineers. Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 2 (1897): 595.

  Wittenberg, Torenbeek. Flight Physics: Essentials of Aeronautical Disciplines and Technology, with Historical Notes. Dordrecht: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009.

  Wohl, Robert. A Passion for Wings: Aviation and the Western Imagination, 1908–1918. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.

  Wolko, Howard, ed. The Wright Flyer: An Engineering Perspective. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1987.

  Wright, Katharine, on behalf of Orville Wright. January 1915. Archive of Papers Concerning the Writing and Eventual Publications of a Lengthy Biography of Orville and Wilbur Wright. Christies Fine Printed Books and Manuscripts. https://www.christies.com/features/The-Wright-Brothers-revealed-in-their-letters-and-photographs-7961-1.aspx.

  Wright, Milton. Diaries: 1857–1917. Dayton, OH: Wright State University Libraries, 1999.

  Wright, Orville. “The Wright Brothers Aeroplane.” Century Magazine, September 1908, pp. 641–50.

  Wright, Orville, and Wilbur Wright. Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright. Edited by Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young. Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 2016.

  Wright, Renee. Explorer's Guide North Carolina's Outer Banks and Crystal Coast. New York: Countryman, 2013.

  Wright, Wilbur. “Observations in Soaring Flight.” Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 8 (August 1903): 410.

  ———. “Some Aeronautical Experiments.” Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 6 (1901): 501.

  ———. “The Story of Flight.” Aeronautics 15 (1914).

  “Wright Aeroplane and Its Fabled Performances, The .” Scientific American 94, no. 2, January 13, 1905.

  “Wright Curtiss Litigation Ended, Patent Upheld.” Aeronautics 14 (January 31, 2014): 21.

  Young, Rosamond McPherson. “Mabel Alone after Orville's Death.” Dayton Daily News, December 11, 1993.

  ———. “Mabel Beck's Story, Part of the Wright Brothers’ History.” Dayton Daily News, November 20, 1993.

  ———. “Orville Did More Than Invent in His Shop—Years Can't Erase Memories.” Dayton Daily News, December 4, 1993.

  ———. Twelve Seconds to the Moon. Dayton, OH: United States Air Force Museum, 1983.

  ———. “Wilbur's Death Left Mabel to Insinuate Herself into Orville's Life.” Dayton Daily News, November 27, 1993.

  Yrigoyen, Charles, and Susan Warre. Historical Dictionary of Methodism. Lantham, MD: Scarecrow, 2013.

  Abbott, Charles Greeley, 27, 235, 236–38, 240–42, 243, 246, 247

  Addams, Jane, 95

  Ader, Clement, 168

  Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), 187

  Aero Club de France, 168, 209

  Aero Club of America, 185–86

  aerodromes (Langley flyer), 42–46, 50, 64, 115, 160–64, 171–72, 219, 223–25, 226–31, 240

  Aeronautical Annual, 53, 59, 61

  Aeronautical Society of America, 203, 204

  ailerons, 203, 218, 256

  airplane. See Wright Flyer

  airplane production, 210

  airplanes. See powered flight, invention of

  Albemarle Sound, Outer Banks, NC, 79, 83, 84, 103, 215

  Aldrin, Buzz, 179

  Allegheny Observatory, 43

  aluminum block engine, 154–
55, 167

  America First Committee, 243

  American Association for the Advancement of Science, 48–49

  Ames, Joseph, 235, 238

  anarchism, 113

  anemometer, 110, 120

  angle of incidence, 111, 119, 148

  “Angle of Incidence” (Wright, Wilbur), 111, 116

  Animal Locomotion or Walking, Swimming, and Flying with a Dissertation on Aeronautics (Pettigrew), 57

  Animal Mechanism, 54, 56, 135

  Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 133, 229

  Ark (boat), 43, 44

  Arnold, General, 249–50

  Associated Press (AP), 190

  Astor, John Jacob, 185–86

  automobile, the, 52, 65

  Automobile Club, 185

  Aviation, 235, 238

  Aviation Experiment Association (AEA), 197–98

  “Aviation's Greatest Controversy” (Brewer), 237

  Baden-Powell, Major Baden Fletcher Smyth, 209

  Baldwin, George, 194

  Baldwin, Thomas S., 114–15, 185

  Balzer, Stephen M., 65

  Barthou, Louis, 209

  Baum, Elijah, 86

  Beacham, Thomas, 172

  Beachey, Lincoln J., 223, 224

  Beck, Charles, 30

  Beck, Edna, 262

  Beck, Lena, 30

  Beck, Mabel

  Charles Lindbergh and, 232, 252

  concern about World War II bombing and, 244, 245

  death, 262

  education, 30

  Fred Kelly on, 24–25

  Great Flood of 1914 and, 222

  having charge over things, 24–25, 28

  hired by the Wright brothers, 30

  knowing the “real story,” 27

  letter amending Orville's will and, 31, 245, 247, 251, 253, 262

  love letters from Orville Wright, 262–63

  Orville's niece on, 28–29

  Orville's will and, 31, 262

  photo of Orville and, 30, 253

  romantic relationship with Orville, 29–30

  shipping the Wright Flyer to London and, 232, 234, 252–53

  Bell, Alexander Graham

  Aero Club of America, 186

  Aviation Experiment Association, 197

  crash of 1908 and, 199

  examining Wright Flyer, 196, 200

  interest/pursuits with powered flight, 42, 59, 186–87

  kite built by, 186

  Mabel Beck on, 252

  Samuel Langley/Langley flyer and, 42–43, 44, 45, 46, 64, 224

  Selfridge's funeral and, 200

 

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