“But humans are unique”: Collins 2006, pp. 27, 140.
“Selfless altruism . . . is quite frankly a scandal”: Ibid., p. 200.
“There are specific human experiences”: Linker 2014.
In his book The Blank Slate: Pinker 2002, citing D. Brown 1991.
A survey of sixty “traditional societies”: Curry, Mullins, and Whitehouse in preparation.
There are also moral instincts: Thompson 1976; Hauser 2006.
In The Better Angels of Our Nature: Pinker 2011.
The primatologist Frans de Waal: de Waal 2006, 2013; de Waal, Machedo, and Ober 2009.
capuchin monkeys seem to show: See the video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KSryJXDpZo.
Indeed, even rats: Bartal, Decety, and Mason 2011; Bartal et al. 2014.
When you overlay animal “morality”: Brosnan 2011, 2013.
The work of the child psychologist Paul Bloom: Bloom 2013.
“There is no support”: Bloom 2014.
In fact, many aspects: Price 2012.
As Peter Singer explains: Singer 1981.
Explaining altruism toward relatives: See Dawkins 1976 and references therein.
I’ve just seen a video: See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=570khFoaE4s.
“What evolution underwrites”: Plantinga 2011, p. 316.
“God created both us and our world”: Ibid., p. 269.
“This capacity for knowledge of God”: Plantinga 2000, p. 180.
“What I’ll argue”: Plantinga in Dennett and Plantinga 2010, p. 17.
“There is superficial conflict”: Plantinga 2011, p. ix.
“Members of our species commonly believe”: Pinker 2005, p. 18.
“checker-shadow illusion”: The illusion can be seen at http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/lum_adelsonCheckShadow/.
The skeptic and science writer Michael Shermer: Shermer 2002, 2013.
“Were it not for sin and its effects”: Plantinga 2000, p. 214.
The anthropologist Pascal Boyer: Boyer 2002; for the development of religious beliefs over time, see Banerjee and Bloom 2013.
Rather, religion is likely to be: See Gould and Vrba 1982 for a discussion of exaptations.
“We see, then, that whether we compare”: Wallace 1870, p. 343.
“These abilities far surpass”: Plantinga 2011, p. 286.
“All knowledge that is not the genuine product of observation”: Lamarck 1820, p. 84 (my translation): “Toute connaissance qui n’est pas le produit réel de l’observation ou de conséquences tirées de l’observation, est tout-à-fait sans fondement, et véritablement illusoire.”
“science is not the only way of knowing”: Collins 2006, p. 229.
“confirmed to such a degree”: Gould 1983, p. 255.
Nevertheless, microeconomics has produced: Chetty 2013.
The physicist Sean Carroll: Carroll 2013.
“Philosophy of science”: See, for instance, http://evolvingthoughts.net/2010/06/evolution-quotes-feyman-on-religion-and-science.
Philosophy, for instance: For example, Dennett 1991, 1995; Kitcher 1982, 1985; Pennock 1999.
The Old Testament God: See Deuteronomy 20:17–18 and 1 Samuel 15:3.
Sam Harris, for instance: Harris 2011.
“Over a century after publication”: Charlton and Verghese 2010, pp. 94–95.
“Consider the kind of putative insights”: Kieran 2009, pp. 194–95.
“We know the ways in which humans express”: Comment by “Vaal,” May 8, 2012, http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2012/05/08/quote-of-the-day-mike-aus/#comment-216549.
“It is not merely the misapplication”: Hutchinson 2011, p. 175.
“What I meant by ‘scientism’”: Haack 2012, p. 76.
“But beneath the weighty ethical concerns”: Kass 2007, quoted in Pinker 2013, p. 30.
“‘Scientism’ is a term of abuse”: Noordhof 1995.
A few academics: Wilson 1998; A. Rosenberg 2012.
“History, for example”: Baggini 2012b.
“is not an imperialistic drive”: Pinker 2013; for a critical response see Wieseltier 2013.
“Consider the beauty of a sunset”: Hutchinson 2011, p. 54.
“is a completely undefined term”: Paulson 2010, p. 171.
“Of course an atheist can’t prove”: Jacoby 2013.
“The issue of God”: Kenneth Miller, interview on Today Programme, BBC, April 29, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8023000/8023996.stm.
“Once again, the only sensible approach”: Sagan 1996, p. 173.
“Finally, we note”: Giberson and Collins 2011, p. 109.
“Clearly, then, both religion”: Davies 2007.
“If you find the idea”: Sarewitz 2012.
“I’m not a biologist”: Redlawsk 2013.
“There’s the deeper worldview”: Haught 2007.
Many older readers: Finch 2010.
“There is a very, very important difference”: Dawkins 1997.
Isn’t science, as some maintain: Cortical Rider 2012.
“The rise of science”: Stark 2005, pp. 22–23.
“The very notion of physical law”: Davies 2007.
“The ethical and moral acceptability”: Hutchinson 2011, p. 224.
“My explanation . . . is”: Whitehead 1925, p. 19.
“Any list of the giants of physical science”: Hutchinson 2003, p. 75.
As the historian Richard Carrier has argued: Carrier 2010.
The historians Richard Carrier, Toby Huff, Charles Freeman, and Andrew Bernstein: Freeman 2003; Huff 2003; Bernstein 2006.
“In the Middle Ages, the great minds”: Bernstein 2006, p. 26 (reviewing Stark 2005).
“Science is a revolutionary activity”: Miller 2012.
“Critics of religion”: Small 2011.
“It’s not a charge I’d throw around”: Cohen 2014.
is like blaming architecture: Analogy from Pinker 2013.
“With or without religion”: Weinberg 1999, p. 48.
“For a successful technology”: Feynman 1986.
But Weinberg was on the money: Weinberg 1999, p. 207; Popper quote from Popper 1957, p. 244.
“We must also be careful”: Small 2011.
“Many other historical blunders”: Texas Charter School statement, in Scaramanga 2013.
the development of “golden rice”: Golden Rice Project, http://www.goldenrice.org/Content3-Why/why1_vad.php.
Chapter 5: Why Does It Matter?
“A surgeon once called upon a poor cripple”: Ingersoll 1900b, p. 87.
“empty of any claims”: Hutchinson 2011, p. 207.
“The Foundation supports projects”: This and following quote from John Templeton Foundation, “Overview of Core Funding Areas,” http://www.templeton.org/sites/default/files/overview-cfa_0.pdf.
One of the most horrible cases: Details of King case from J. W. Brown 1988; Swan and Swan 1988; Whiting 1989a, 1989b; Fraser 1999; Peters 2007; and Massachusetts Citizens for Children, http://www.masskids.org/index.php?option=com_content &id=161&Itemid=1652010.
The children who have died: Article on children of Jehovah’s Witnesses who died from refusing tranfusions at http://www.cftf.com/comments/kidsdied.html.
In 1998, Seth Asser and Rita Swan: Asser and Swan 1998; quotes that follow are from that paper.
It’s not just the parents . . . Religious exemptions: Lee, Rosenthal, and Scheffler 2013; CHILD 2011; National District Attorneys Association 2013; Massachusetts Citizens for Children, DBRE [death by religious exemption], http://www.masskids.org/index.php/federal-legislation-regarding-state-religious-exemption-laws.
Islamic clerics in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria: Whitaker 2007; Katme 2011.
“a respected figure”: A. M. Kat
me, “Islam, Vaccines, and Health,” International Medical Council on Vaccination, http://www.vaccinationcouncil.org/2011/01/20/islam-vaccines-and-health-2/.
“the case of vaccination”: Brian Whitaker, “Is There a Doctor in the Mosque?,” Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/May/11/doctorinthemosque.
a study of childbirth in women: Kaunitz et al. 1984.
In 2013 . . . “We have no direct information”: Gerson 2013; CBC News, “Calgary Strep Victim’s Mother ‘Will Be Held Accountable,’ Say Police,” November 23, 2013, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-strep-victim-s-mother-will-be-held-accountable-say-police-1.2437558.
Within a given year: Barnes et al. 2004; McCaffrey et al. 2004.
The Vatican, for instance: Bentson 2010; Keneally 2014.
The work funded by NCCAM: Mielczarek and Engler 2012; Offit 2012.
While “alternative medicine” is often secular: See Shermer 2013 for characteristics of pseudoscience.
“Imagine a society’s discovering a vaccine”: Stark 2001, p. 35 (emphasis in the original).
It is because of this opposition: History of stem cell restriction from Babington 2006; Nature Cell Biology 2010.
One of the most egregious forms: Information on HPV and vaccination at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “HPV Vaccine—Questions & Answers,” http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hpv/vac-faqs.htm, and at “Fact Sheet: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines,” http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/prevention/HPV-vaccine.
Surprisingly, in 2007 Governor Rick Perry: Eggen 2011.
Despite studies showing no apparent increase: Bednarczyk 2012.
“The seriousness of HPV and other STIs”: Focus on the Family, “Position Statement: HPV Vaccine,” http://media.focusonthefamily.com/topicinfo/position_statement-human_papillomavirus_vaccine.pdf; see also Cole 2007.
Although the Canadian government: Craine 2012.
Pressure from the Catholic Church: Boodram 2013.
But the situation isn’t helped: Ebola blamed on God and “homosexualism” from McCoy 2014; fasting, prayer, and President Sirleaf’s statement from Front Page Africa, “Liberians Urged to Observe Three Days Fast and Prayer over Ebola,” August 6, 2014, http://www.frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/news/2589-liberians-urged-to-observe-three-days-fast-and-prayer-over-ebola.
“Intentionally causing one’s own death”: This and next quote from Declaration on Euthanasia, 1980, Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19800505_euthanasia_en.html.
“I confirm that euthanasia is a grave violation”: John Paul II 1995.
An AP-GfK poll: AP-GfK poll, March 2014, http://ap-gfkpoll.com/main/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/AP-GfK-March-2014-Poll-Topline-Final_SCIENCE.pdf; see also Borenstein and Agiesta 2014.
“When people are shown evidence”: Kahan 2014, p. 17.
“We were put on this Earth as creatures of God”: Santorum quote reported in Hooper 2012.
“‘Never again will I curse the ground’”: John Shimkus on global warming in video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=_7h08RDYA5E.
Thirty-six percent of his fellow Americans: Statistics from Public Relations Research Institute survey, “Americans More Likely to Attribute Increasingly Severe Weather to Climate Change, Not End Times,” December 13, 2012, http://publicreligion.org/research/2012/12/prri-rns-december-2012-survey/.
“What We Believe”: Cornwall Alliance for the Stewardship of Creation 2009.
Because Americans with conservative attitudes: Malka et al. 2012; Hirsh, Walberg, and Peterson 2013.
profited financially from their efforts . . . “real scientific facts” . . . “real” evidence shows no trend: Mervis 2011.
“one of the greatest hoaxes”: Guest blogger 2009.
“a massive international scientific fraud”: Piltz 2009.
“to make people realize”: Consolmagno quoted in Harris Interactive 2013.
Father Consolmagno’s heart: Iaccino 2014.
The degree of pure atheism: Religious belief in Europe from European Commission 2010; religious belief in America from Newport 2011.
And on those scales: Paul 2009; see also Zuckerman 2010 for an analysis of well-being in Scandinavian societies.
My own analysis: Coyne 2012.
“I do not see in religion”: Napoleon 1916; the original quote, from Au conseil d’état (March 4, 1806), is “Je ne vois pas dans la religion le mystère de l’Incarnation mais le mystère de l’Ordre Social. La religion rattache au ciel une idée d’égalité qui empêche le riche d’être massacré par le pauvre.”
In the United States: Norris and Inglehart 2004; Rees 2009; Delamontagne 2010; Solt, Habel, and Grant 2011.
“Religious distress is at the same time”: Marx 2005, p. 175 (emphasis in the original).
“Science without religion is lame”: Einstein 1954, p. 46.
Einstein’s views, often misconstrued: Some examples of religion/science dialogues are those occurring regularly at the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (http://www.iras.org), the International Society for Science and Religion (http://www.issr.org.uk/conferences/), and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/events.html).
There are many theories: See Boyer 2002 and Dennett 2006 for the variety of explanations.
“The study of theology”: Paine 1848, part 2, p. 78.
“I wish to propose”: Russell 1928, p. 1.
“Pretending to be certain”: Harris 2005.
The first involves: Robert Park’s story from Park 2008 (the quote is from p. 165) and my telephone interview with Park on October 14, 2014.
Such was the case: Briggs’s story from van Biema 1998; Stauth 2013 (Briggs’s quote on pp. 88–89); and “Taking Faith Healing Too Far,” ABC 20/20, January 6, 1999, transcript at http://www.skeptictank.org/hs/fhkiler1.htm.
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