Elizabeth

by Arlene Okerlund

  6Vergil, Anglica, 18-19.

  7Vergil, Anglica, 19.

  8Sutton, et al., ‘The Retirement of Elizabeth Woodville, and her Sons’, The Ricardian 11 (1999), 563.

  9Materials, II, 142.

  10Materials, II, 148.

  11Materials, II, 221.

  12Anne Crawford, ‘The Queen’s Council in the Middle Ages’, English Historical Review 116 (2001): 1193-1212.

  13Crawford, Letters, 135-6.

  14Fields, 203.

  15Materials, II, 225.

  16Materials, II, 273.

  17Materials, II, 319-20.

  18Materials, II, 322.

  19Materials, II, 555; CCR Henry VII. Vol. I. 1485–1500: 122; CPR Henry VII 1485–1494: 302.

  20Materials, II, 337.

  21CPR Edward IV 1467–1477: 115.

  22CPR Edward IV 1467–1477: 360.

  23CPR Edward IV 1467–1477: 414.

  24CPR Edward IV 1467–1477: 547.

  25CPR Edward IV. Edward V. Richard III. 1476–1485: 156.

  26Ann Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs, ‘The Device of Queen Elizabeth Woodville: A Gillyflower or Pink’, The Ricardian 11 (1997), 17-24.

  27Calendar of Papal Letters, XI: 90.

  28Edward T. Clarke, Bermondsey: Its Historic Memories and Associations (London: Elliot Stock, 1902), 125.

  29Foedera XII: 328-9.

  30Vergil, Anglica, 33.

  31CPR Henry VII 1485–1494: 112, 117.

  32CPR Henry VII 1485–1494: 154.

  33Roger B. Merriman, ‘Edward Woodville – Knight Errant’, American Antiquarian Society (October) 1903, 135.

  34Merriman, 135-6.

  35Merriman, 136.

  36Merriman, 138.

  37Merriman, 144.

  38Davies, 217.

  39Materials, II, 103.

  40CPR Henry VII 1485–1494: 106, 279.

  41Baker, II: 165-66.

  42Wills, 350-51.

  43MS BL Arundel 26, ff 29v-30. Quoted from Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, ‘Royal Burials’. I have modernised spelling and punctuation of their exact transcription.

  Chapter 24. Legacy

  1CPR Henry VII 1485–1494: 308.

  2GC, 203.

  3Jones, King’s Mother, 126.

  4Jones, King’s Mother, 134, 162.

  5Jones, King’s Mother, 134.

  6Jones, King’s Mother, 162.

  7C.F.R. Palmer, ‘History of the Priory of Dartford, in Kent’, Archaeological Journal XXXVI (1879), 261.

  8Wills… Doctor’s, 2-3.

  9Palmer, 262.

  10CPR Henry VII 1485–1494: 388.

  11Baker II: 166.

  Bibliography

  Biographies of Elizabeth Wydeville (Woodville)

  Baldwin, David. Elizabeth Woodville: Mother of the Princes in the Tower.

  Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, 2002.

  Davies, Katharine. The First Queen Elizabeth. London: Lovat Dickson Limited, 1937.

  MacGibbon, David. Elizabeth Woodville (1437–1492): Her Life and Times. London: Arthur Baker, 1938.

  Strickland, Agnes. Lives of the Queens of England. Vol. I. Chicago: Belford, Clarke and Co., 1843.

  Contemporary Documents

  Acts of Court of the Mercers’ Company, 1453–1527. Ed. Laetitia Lyell and F.D. Watney. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

  Baker MS 42 (Mm. 1.53). University of Cambridge.

  Calendar of the Close Rolls.

  Henry VI. Vol. 1. 1422–29. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1933.

  Henry VI. Vol. II. 1429–35. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1933.

  Henry VI. Vol. III. 1435–41. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1937.

  Henry VI. Vol. IV. 1441–47. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1937.

  Henry VI. Vol. V. 1447–54. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1947.

  Henry VI. Vol. VI. 1454–61. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1947.

  Edward IV. Vol. I. 1461–68. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1949.

  Edward IV. Vol. II. 1468–76. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1953.

  Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III. 1476–85. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1954.

  Henry VII. Vol. I. 1485–1500. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1955.

  Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters 1471–1485. Vol. XIII, Part I. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1955.

  Calendar of the Fine Rolls.

  Henry VI. 1430–1437. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1936.

  Henry VI. 1437–1445. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1937.

  Henry VI. 1445–1452. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1939.

  Henry VI. 1452–1461. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1939.

  Edward IV, Henry VI. 1467–1471. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1949.

  Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III. Vol. XXI. 1471–85. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1961.

  Henry VII. Vol. XXII. 1485–1509. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1962.

  Calendar of Papal Letters. Vols XI and XIV. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1960.

  Calendar of Patent Rolls.

  Henry VI. 1422–1429. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1901.

  Henry VI. 1429–1436. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1907.

  Henry VI. 1436–1441. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1907.

  Henry VI. 1441–46. Reprint Kraus-Thomson, Nendeln/Liechtenstein, 1971.

  Henry VI. 1446–1452. Reprint Kraus-Thomson, Nendeln/Liechtenstein, 1971.

  Henry VI. 1452–1461. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1910.

  Edward IV. 1461–1467. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1897.

  Edward IV, Henry VI. 1467–1477. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1900.

  Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III. 1476–1485. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1901.

  Henry VII. 1485–1494. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1914.

  Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts, existing in the Archives and Collections of Milan. Vol. 1. Ed. Allen B. Hinds. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1912.

  Caxton, William. Recuyell of the Histories of Troy. Huntington Library R.B. 62222.

  Chronicles of London. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905.

  The Chronicles of the White Rose of York: A Series of Historical Fragments, Proclamations, Letters, and Other Contemporary Documents Relating to the Reign of King Edward the Fourth. London: James Bohn, 1845.

  A Collection of all the Wills, now known to be extant, of the Kings and Queens of England, Princes and Princesses of Wales, and every branch of the Blood Royal, from the reign of William the Conqueror, to that of Henry the Seventh, exclusive. London: J. Nichols, 1780.

  Commynes, Philippe de. Memoirs: The Reign of Louis XI 1461–83. Trans. Michael Jones. Penguin, 1972.

  The Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville: Queen Consort of Edward IV on May 26th, 1465. Ed. George Smith. London: 1935. Reprint Gloucester: 1975.

  Cornazzano, Antonio. ‘La Regina d’ingliterra’ quoted in Conor Fahy’s ‘The Marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville: A New Italian source’, English Historical Review 76 (1961), 660-72. Poem translated by Sebastian Cassarino.

  The Coventry Leet Book: or Mayor’s Register. Ed. Mary Dormer Harris. London: Early English Text Society, 1907–13.

  Ellis, Henry. Original Letters, Illustrative of English History. New York: AMS Press, 1970. Second Series. New York: AMS Press, 1970. Third Series. New York: AMS Press, 1970.

  Excerpta Historica, or Illustrations of English History. London: Samuel Bentley, 1831.

  Fabyan, Robert. The New Chronicles of England and France. Ed. Henry Ellis. London: Rivington, et al., 1811.


  Foedera. Vols 10 and 11. Ed. Thomas Rymer. London: J. Tonson, 1728–35.

  The Great Chronicle of London. Ed. A.H. Thomas and I.D. Thornley. London: George Jones, 1938.

  Gregory. ‘Gregory’s Chronicle’, The Historical Collections of a Citizen of London. Ed. James Gairdner, Camden Society. Westminster: Nichols and Sons, 1876.

  Hall, Edward. Hall’s Chronicle; Containing the History of England, during the Reign of Henry the Fourth, and the Succeeding Monarchs, to the End of the Reign of Henry the Eighth. 1548. Reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1965.

  The Hastings Papers. Huntington Library MS CD1043.L52.

  ‘Hearne’s Fragment of an Old Chronicle, from 1460–1470’, The Chronicles of the White Rose of York. London: James Bohn, 1845.

  Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV, in England and the Finall Recouerye of His Kingdomes from Henry VI. A.D. M.CCCC.LXXI. Ed. John Bruce. London: Camden Society, 1838. . Also in CWR, 31-96.

  The Household of Edward IV: The Black Book and the Ordinance of 1478, ed. A.R. Myers. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959.

  Illustrations of ancient state and chivalry from manuscripts preserved in the Ashmolean museum. Ed. William Henry. London: W. Nicol, 1840.

  Ingulph’s Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland with the Continuations by Peter of Blois and Anonymous Writers. Trans. Henry T. Riley. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854. . Judie Gall, Richard III Society.

  Kingsford’s Stonor Letters and Papers 1290–1483. Ed. Christine Carpenter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  ‘The Last Ten Years of the Reign of King Edward the Fourth, extracted from originall Letters and Documents’, in Chronicles of the White Rose of York.

  Lease Book Number 1. 1486–1505. Folio 9. Westminster Abbey.

  Letters of the Kings of England. Ed. James Orchard Halliwell. London: Henry Colburn, 1846.

  Liber Niger cartulary. Folio 93. Westminster Abbey.

  Mancinus, Dominicus. The Usurpation of Richard the Third. Trans. C.A.J. Armstrong. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.

  Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII. Ed. William Campbell. 2 Vols. London: Longman & Co., 1873.

  A Miscellany containing the host foundation of the college, the names of the first Benefactors… Misc. A. Queens’ College, University of Cambridge. QCV 76.

  More, Thomas. The History of Richard III. Vol. 2. Ed. Richard S. Sylvester. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.

  Oeuores poètiques de Christine de Pison. MS Harleian 4431. British Library.

  The Paston Letters 1422–1509. Ed. James Gairdner. London: Chatto & Windus, 1904.

  Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council of England. Ed. Harris Nicolas. London: Commissoners on the Public Records, 1837.

  Registrum Thome Bourgchier, Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi, 1454–1486. Ed. F.R.H. DuBoulay. Canterbury and York Soc., Liv, 1957.

  Rotuli Parliamentorum. Ed. John Strachey, et al. 6 Vols. London: 1767–77.

  Rous, John. Antiquarii Warwicensis: Historia Regum Angliae. Ed. Thomas Hearns. Oxford: E Theatro Sheldoniano, 1745.

  —The Rous Roll. Ed. Charles Ross. Gloucester: Alan Sutton, 1980.

  Sacrist’s roll for 1486–7. Folio 9. Westminster Abbey.

  Statuta Collegii Reginalis Anno 1529. Queens’ College, University of Cambridge. QCV 60 and 65.

  Three Fifteenth-Century Chronicles. Ed. James Gairdner. Camden Society, 1880.

  Titulus Regius.

  The Travels of Leo of Rozmital through Germany, Flanders, England, France, Spain, Portugal and Italy 1465–1467. Ed. Malcolm Letts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

  Vergil, Polydore. Three Books of Polydore Vergil’s English History, comprising the Reigns of Henry VI, Edward IV, and Richard III. Ed. Henry Ellis. London: John Bowyer Nichols, 1844.

  —The Anglica Historia of Polydore Vergil A.D. 1485–1537. Ed. Denys Hay. London: Royal Historical Society, 1950.

  Warkworth, John. A Chronicle of the First Thirteen Years of the Reign of King Edward the Fourth. Ed. James Orchard Halliwell. London: Camden Society, 1839.

  Wills from Doctors’ Commons: A Selection from the Wills of Eminent Persons proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 1495–1695. Ed. John Nichols and John Bruce. Westminster: Camden Society o.s., 1863.

  Worcestre, William. Itineraries. Ed. John H. Harvey. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969. Reprint J. Nasmith. Cambridge, 1778.

  Wydeville, Anthony, Earl Rivers. ‘Balet’. Published in Joseph Ritson and W. Carew Hazlitt (eds), Ancient Songs and Ballads. London: 1877.

  —Cordiale siue de quatuor nouissimis. Westminster: W. Caxton, 1479.

  —The Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres. MS 265. Lambeth Palace Library.

  —The Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres. Westminster, 1477. Reprint: Walter J. Johnson, Inc. Amsterdam: 1979

  —The Morale Prouerbes of Christyne. Westminster, 1478. Reprint: Da Capo Press. Amsterdam, 1970.

  Secondary Sources

  Anderson, Judith H. Biographical Truth: The Representation of Historical Persons in Tudor Stuart Writing. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984).

  Anstis, John (ed.). The Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, from its Cover in Black Velvet Usually Called the Black Book. 2 Vols. London: John Barber, 1724.

  Ashdown-Hill, John. ‘Edward IV’s Uncrowned Queen: The Lady Eleanor Talbot, Lady Butler’, The Ricardian 11 (1997), 166-90.

  Bacon, Francis. The History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh. Ed. F.J. Levy. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1972.

  Baker, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton. Vol. II. London: J.B. Nichols and Son, 1841.

  Bayley, A.R. ‘Edward IV and Lady Elizabeth Butler’, Notes and Queries 151 (1926), 408-9.

  Bellamy, J.G. The Law of Treason in England in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

  Belozerskaya, Marina. Rethinking the Renaissance: Burgundian Arts Across Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

  Berry, Henry F. (ed.). ‘Statute Rolls of the Parliament of Ireland, 1-12 Edward IV’, The English Historical Review 30 (1915), 341-43.

  Blake, N.F. Caxton’s Own Prose. London: André Deutsch, 1973.

  Brett, Martin. ‘The annals of Bermondsey, Southwark and Merton’, Church and City 1000–1500, ed. David Abulafia et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 279-311.

  Brooke-Little, John and Motto, John. Knights of the Middle Ages: Their Armour and Coats of Arms. London: Hugh Evelyn Limited, 1966.

  Buck, George. The History of King Richard the Third (1619). Ed. Arthur Kincad. Gloucester: Alan Sutton, 1979.

  Bühler, Curt. F. ‘The Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers’, The Library 15 (1934), 316-29.

  Cherry, John. The Middleham Jewel and Ring. York:Yorkshire Museum, 1994.

  ‘The Children of King Edward IV’, The Gentleman’s Magazine, Jan 1831, 23-26.

  Chrimes, S.B. Henry VII. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

  Clarke, Edward T. Bermondsey: Its Historic Memories and Associations. London: Elliot Stock, 1902.

  Clive, Mary. This Sun of York: A Biography of Edward IV. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974.

  The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Ed. George Edward Cokayne. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1984.

  Cooper, Charles Henry. Annals of Cambridge. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Warwick and Co., 1842.

  —Memorials of Cambridge, Vol. 1. Cambridge: William Metcalfe, 1860.

  Crawford, Anne. ‘Elizabeth Woodville, Wife of Edward IV’, Letters of the Queens of England 1100–1547. Dover, N.H.: Alan Sutton, 1994.

  —‘The Queen’s Council in the Middle Ages’, English Historical Review 116 (2001) i469, pp. 1193-1212.

  Cressy, David. ‘Purification, Thanksgiving and the Churching of Women in Post-Reformation E
ngland.’ Past & Present 141 (Nov. 1993), 106-46.

  Cromarty, Dorothy. Everyday Life in Medieval Shrewsbury. Shrewsbury: Shropshire Books, 1991, reprint 1995.

  Davis, Norman (ed.). Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.

  A Descriptive and Historical Guide to Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Ashby-de-la-Zouch: T. Wayne, 1831.

  Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee. 22 Vols.

  London: Oxford University Press, 1959–60.

  Drummond-Murray, James et al. ‘Recent Archaeological Work in the Bermondsey District of Southwark’, The London Archaeologist 7 (1994), 251-57.

  Erler, Mary and Kowaleski,, Maryanne (eds). Women and Power in the Middle Ages. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1988.

  Evans, H.T. Wales and the Wars of the Roses. Gloucestershire: Alan Sutton, 1915, reprint 1998.

  Fahy, Conor. ‘The Marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville: A New Italian Source’, English Historical Review 76 (1961), 660-72.

  Fields, Bertram. Royal Blood: Richard III and the Mystery of the Princes. New York: HarperCollins, 1998.

  FitzRoy, Charles and Harry, Keith. Grafton Regis: The History of a Northamptonshire Village. Cardiff: Merton Priory Press, 2000.

  Fox, Alistair. Thomas More: History and Providence. New Haven: Yale, 1982.

  Gairdner, James. History of the Life and Reign of Richard the Third. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1898. Kraus Reprint, New York: 1968.

  The Gentleman’s Magazine. January 1831, 23-25.

  Gray, H.L. ‘Incomes from land in England in 1436’, English Historical Review XLIX (1934), 607-39.

  Gies, Frances and Joseph. A Medieval Family: the Pastons of Fifteenth-Century England. New York: HarperCollins, 1998.

  Gill, Louise. ‘William Caxton and the Rebellion of 1483’, The English Historical Review 112 (Feb. 1997), 105-19.

  Grace, C.L. The Book of Shadows. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1996.

  Green, Richard Firth. ‘Historical Notes of a London Citizen, 1483–1488’, English Historical Review 96 (1981), 585-90.

  Griffiths, Ralph A. King and Country: England and Wales in the Fifteenth Century. London: Hambledon Press, 1991.

  —Patronage, The Crown, and the Provinces. Gloucester: Alan Sutton, 1981.

  Grummitt, David. ‘William, Lord Hastings, the Calais Garrison and the Politics of Yorkist England’, The Ricardian 12 (June 2001), 262-74.