Harvard philosophy graduate: New York Times, February 1, 1973.
Rowe was elevated to vice chairman: NCPC meeting transcript, June 8, 1961.
“harmonious”: Giuseppe Cecchi memorandum, June 8, 1961, Central State Archives, Rome.
He recommended: Warren Adler interview.
in capital letters: Donald H. Drayer Archive, Library of Congress.
“That’s how the Watergate name came over to us”: Salgo, 108.
$650,000: Meersman, 568.
“the community will gain a great deal”: National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC), “Proposed Watergate Towne Development,” September 6, 1961.
“attract people to Washington”: NCPC Transcript of Proceedings, September 14, 1961.
Mrs. Rowe had no questions: Ibid.
commissioners met privately: Commission of Fine Arts (CFA), meeting minutes, September 20, 1961.
“an impression of openness”: Ibid.
“until such a time”: William Finley memorandum, annotated, October 2, 1961, SGI archives.
“Molto bene!”: Ibid.
He suggested the entire parcel: NCPC transcript, November 9, 1961.
PLANNING COMMISSION IS TRYING: Giuseppe Cecchi cable, December 4, 1961, SGI archives.
“put up a strong fight”: Giuseppe Cecchi memorandum, December 5, 1961, SGI archives.
“informing them of our frustration”: Royce Ward memorandum, December 5, 1961, SGI archives.
“Mrs. Rowe’s visionary dream”: Cecchi memorandum, December 5, 1961, SGI archives.
“I believe now is not the time”: Aldo Samaritani memorandum, December 18, 1961, SGI archives.
“reserved for public purposes”: Washington Post, December 24, 1961.
“fuzzy thinking”: Washington Star, December 27, 1961.
Over the holidays: Washington Post, December 26, 1961.
“The Church of the Catholic candidate”: Presidential Campaign Files, 1960, Kennedy Presidential Library.
“a company owned by the Vatican”: Protestants and Other Americans United, Church and State, January 1962.
He told Cecchi not to “surrender”: Giuseppe Cecchi memorandum, January 17, 1962, SGI archives.
“good design quality”: National Capital Planning Commission, “Watergate Towne—Design Analysis,” January 30, 1962.
“It is costing these people a lot of money”: NCPC meeting transcript, February 1, 1962.
“so many lumps of sugar”: Ibid.
The motion passed: “Watergate Towne Chronology,” February 17, 1962.
“a turning point”: Foa correspondence, February 2, 1962, SGI Archives, Rome.
James C. Wilkes, Jr., a land-use attorney: District of Columbia Zoning Commission, Public Hearing, April 13, 1962.
“It is going to be a Trojan Wall”: Ibid.
“disappointment with the preliminary plans”: “Statement of the Commission of Fine Arts before a Hearing of the Zoning Commission,” April 13, 1962.
The CFA was “greatly concerned”: “Watergate Project Foes Present Views to Zoners,” Washington Star, April 14, 1962.
“overpowering”: Statement of the Commission of the Fine Arts Before a Hearing of the Zoning Commission, April 13, 1962, attached as Exhibit K to Minutes of the Commission of Fine Arts, April 17, 1962.
“neither fine nor artful”: Washington Post, April 19, 1962.
The following week: Charles H. Atherton, “Memorandum for the Board Re: Watergate Development Meeting, New York City,” April 24, 1962.
“To those who oppose the project”: New York Times, April 29, 1962.
WHITE HOUSE ACTS: Washington Post, May 5, 1962.
WEAK IN THE KNEES: Washington Star, May 6, 1962.
“White House concerns”: Washington Post, May 11, 1962.
Moretti, through an interpreter: Washington Post, May 16, 1962.
Moretti said he had studied Washington: Ibid.
“depend on Moretti’s judgment”: Washington Post, May 19, 1962.
issued a joint statement: CFA, “Joint Press Release,” May 18, 1962; also in CFA meeting transcript, September 18, 1963, 119.
“there would seem to be no reason”: Washington Post, July 20, 1962.
in the spring of 1963: Washington Post, July 14, 1962.
Finley would step down: Columbia Association website, accessed January 5, 2017. See also James W. Rouse & Company, Inc., press release, October 30, 1963.
In mid-July, Drew Pearson: San Bernardino Sun-Telegram, July 4, 1962.
Lowell, assistant director of the organization: Washington Post, November 11, 1962.
urged supporters to protest the Watergate: Ibid.
Stone presented his revised plans: National Cultural Center, press release, September 11, 1962.
More than fifteen hundred letters: Washington Post, November 17, 1962.
Horsky sent Kennedy a three-page memo: Charles Horsky memorandum, January 23, 1963, Kennedy Presidential Library.
“I propose to continue to respond this way”: Ibid.
Kennedy instructed Horsky: Charles Horsky, Second Oral History Interview, August 13, 1964, Kennedy Presidential Library.
“monumental dullness”: Paul Rudolph, “A View of Washington as a Capital—Or What Is Civic Design?,” Architectural Forum, January 1963.
Horsky reported that: Charles Horsky memorandum, January 25, 1963, Kennedy Presidential Library.
“like a rugged representative of the New Frontier”: Washington Post, June 21, 1963.
Walton suggested five more candidates: William Walton memorandum, undated, Kennedy Presidential Library.
“If you can’t lick them, join them”: President Kennedy to Bill Walton, March 30, 1963, Kennedy Presidential Library.
“I don’t blame you”: Mary Hackett, William “Bill” Walton: A Charmed Life (Boston, MA: Braden Books, 2013), 157.
“I hope we can influence good design”: Washington Post, June 21, 1963.
“too sharp”: Finley correspondence, April 17, 1963.
“overpowering mass”: CFA minutes, April 16, 1963.
“Fine Arts Commission is favorable”: SGI board minutes, May 28, 1963, SGI Archives.
“a touch of Rome”: Washington Post, August 6, 1963.
“It’s pretty bad”: CFA transcript, September 18, 1963.
“a substantial reduction”: Walton to Green, CFA meeting transcript, September 18, 1963.
“like spaghetti”: Washington Post, October 18, 1963.
“The Watergate architects originally cooperated”: Washington Post, October 21, 1963.
“will soon start”: SGI board minutes, November 11, 1963, SGI Archives.
met in closed session: CFA transcript, November 19, 1963.
“do credit to the standing”: Ibid.
“We tried very hard”: Ibid.
“we are not going to be handled”: Ibid.
“a marvelous facility”: Walton to Clark, November 20, 1963.
The meeting was originally suggested: Stanton to Jenkins, December 30, 1963, LBJ Presidential Library.
“very deeply sympathetic”: CFA transcript, January 8, 1964.
“I feel the project can be saved”: Ibid.
“Thank you for coming”: Ibid.
“so-called Watergate development”: Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., memorandum to the President, January 9, 1964, LBJ Presidential Library.
“full support”: Washington Post, January 10, 1964.
“entirely frank with you”: Samaritani correspondence, January 10, 1964, CFA files.
“would look favorably”: Washington Post, January 25, 1964.
Congress officially changed the name: Meersman, 556–557.
The next morning: Washington Post, January 25, 1964.
CHAPTER TWO: CITY WITHIN A CITY
“might be too much”: Royce Ward memorandum, October 10, 1962, SGI archives, Central State Archives, Rome.
“there would be resistance”: Ibid.
As excavation began: Washington Post, M
arch 14, 1962.
“no continuous straight lines anywhere”: Washington Post, November 14, 1964.
Roberts turned to Engineering Physics Co.: “Computer Lends Individuality to Vast Watergate Project,” IBM press release, December 21, 1965.
He later estimated: Washington Post, November 14, 1964.
“the atmosphere of a formal Renaissance-style garden”: Washington Star, December 18, 1964.
He threw his hat on the floor: Giuseppe Cecchi interview, March 2, 2016.
“marble hair”: Washington Post, May 30, 1964.
displayed on a cyclorama: Washington Evening Star, January 22, 1965.
The ad showed the floor plan for Apartment 403-N: Washington Post, November 14, 1964.
“the ultimate in aural privacy”: Watergate East marketing brochure, GWU archives.
Prices ranged from: Washington Star, April 10, 1964.
Lewis said women were the key to his marketing strategy: Washington Star, January 8, 1965.
It offered three things they wanted: Emily Eig interview, February 27, 2017.
“What all of this means”: Washington Star, June 25, 1965.
By mid-February: Washington Daily News, February 19, 1965.
He stepped out of a champagne reception: Washington Post, February 19, 1965.
Guests at the reception: Washington Business Journal, June 17, 2002.
One guest: Chennault daily calendars, Harvard University Library.
in love: Anna Chennault, A Thousand Springs: The Biography of a Marriage (New York: Paul S. Eriksson, 1962), 110–111.
A Chinese wife knows: Ibid., 20.
He left her $225,500: Catherine Forslund, Anna Chennault: Informal Diplomacy and Asian Relations (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 2002), 41.
He was an advocate: David McKean, Tommy the Cork: Washington’s Ultimate Insider from Roosevelt to Reagan (South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 2004), 167–168.
“intoxicating”: Forslund, 42.
“a popular watering hole for ranking Republicans”: Ibid., 45.
“sales room”: Washington Examiner, July 17–19, 1969.
“It will be necessary to vigorously oppose”: Kennedy Center meeting minutes, December 2, 1964, Kennedy Presidential Library.
Becker reviewed the Watergate’s “height problem”: Arthur M. Schlesinger Personal Papers. Alphabetical Subject File, 1960–1965. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts: Executive Committee summary of actions, 1965. AMSPP-P05–012, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
“woefully crowding in”: Washington Post, April 18, 1965.
“relevant official body”: Becker correspondence, March 2, 1975.
“My client has tried”: Washington Post, June 17, 1965.
That weekend, the model apartment: Washington Post, June 19, 1965.
“where he inherited the family title of duke”: Washington Star, June 11, 1964.
According to a report: New York Times, May 11, 1969.
“I’m the only American citizen”: New York Public Library, New York Times Company records. Clifton Daniel papers 1955–1979.
An internal Times investigation: Ibid.
“restrained but vibrant tone”: Better Homes & Gardens, September 1964.
“Oriental Opulence and Italian Grandeur”: Washington Post, June 6, 1965.
“Well, it’s different”: Washington Post, October 23, 1965.
“squeezed down”: Evening Star, June 11, 1965.
Samaritani thanked: Watergate East Dedication Program, October 1965.
Clara sat with him: Clara Graff interview, January 24, 2017.
The first Watergate East apartment was sold: Watergate East, Anniversary Issue, 1964–1992, 72.
George Arnstein had recently accepted: George Arnstein oral history, GWU, April 12, 2013.
“Where do we eat?”: Watergate East, 72.
They employed a full-time gardener: Jan Pottker, Crisis in Candyland: Melting the Chocolate Shell of the Mars Family Empire (Bethesda, MD: National Press Books, 1995), 88.
“in any sense of the word”: Ibid.
“investing in the stock market”: New York Times, June 25, 1966.
“the paintings were hung”: Watergate East, 73.
“so it wouldn’t make a splash”: New York Times, June 25, 1966.
“bought on sale at Bloomingdale’s”: Ibid.
“Your future happiness is assured here”: William Simon correspondence, June 19, 1968.
All new residents also received: Watergate East, 35–38.
He reported back to her: Koubek correspondence, December 20, 1965, Chennault papers, Harvard University Library.
She persuaded them: Washingtonian, June 1967.
“I knew right away”: Hayden B. Peake and Samuel Halpern, In the Name of Intelligence: Essays in Honor of Walter Pforzheimer (Washington, DC: NIBC Press, 1994), 25–26.
The collection was in part a resource: New York Times, December 28, 2003.
Pforzheimer also used the collection: Tim Naftali interview, March 2, 2017.
three thousand volumes: Life, August 8, 1969.
SGI executives in Rome ordered: Unsigned memorandum, February 18, 1966, SGI archives.
“patience and understanding”: Watergate East, Inc., “Report From Management,” March 28, 1966.
“with alacrity”: SGI board minutes, SGI Archives.
“popular tunes”: Georgetowner, November 10, 1966.
called “apartments” in the press release: “The Watergate Adds Elegance and Grace to Washington’s Hotel Scene,” press release, April 12, 1967.
“presidential suites”: Washington Post, April 1, 1967.
“awful”: Samaritani correspondence, November 8, 1967, SGI archives.
“more restrained in its design”: Press release, April 12, 1967.
“closest friends”: Washingtonian, June 1967.
She invited FBI director J. Edgar Hoover: Hoover correspondence, March 28, 1967, Chennault papers, Harvard University Library.
Chennault’s guests admired her “oriental” living room: Washington Star, April 11, 1967.
Lady Bird Johnson admired the view: Washington Star, August 6, 1967.
“Nothing’s too good for the party of the people”: Washington Star, July 21, 1967.
“The music is soft and piped”: Miami Herald, August 12, 1967.
“plush”: Washington Post, July 20, 1967.
“quite inexpensive”: Washington Star, July 21, 1967.
“smooth start”: Columbus Dispatch, July 6, 1967.
The Johnson organization reserved space: R. Spencer Oliver interview, September 25, 2016.
Now they wanted the building nixed entirely: Washington Star, September 28, 1967.
the “unattractive arrogance”: Washington Post, October 13, 1967.
The fate of the final Watergate building was now in the hands: Washington Star, October 19, 1967.
The board voted: Washington Post, December 1, 1967.
$500,000 to stop construction: New York Times, January 16, 1964.
The interior department told: William Simon correspondence, June 19, 1968.
“didn’t have final Commission approval”: NCPC transcript, December 7, 1967.
“We could see the fires”: Arnstein oral history, April 12, 2013.
stood at the windows: Oliver interview, September 25, 2016.
Udall announced a compromise: Meersman, 570.
“bright fluorescent lights”: Washington Post, April 23, 1968.
“promise”: Simon correspondence, June 19, 1968.
“the controlling stockholder in SGI”: Ibid.
“In my view”: Ibid.
Carl Bernstein: Washington Post, October 31, 1968.
“The developers took our money”: Washington Post, June 27, 1968.
“NO! NO!”: Chennault correspondence, June 28, 1968, Richard V. Allen papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University.
LBJ told them: Forslund, 62.
Johnson was warning Nixon: Ibid., 67.
“It’s very important that our Vietnamese friends understand”: Rosen, 54.
The call was reported: “X File,” LBJ Presidential Library.
ABC projected a Nixon victory: Rosen, 55–56.
“Put that with the other stuff”: LBJ note, November 8, 1968, “X File,” LBJ Presidential Library.
She had “very real psychological problems”: Rosen, 66.
the same facility where Zelda Fitzgerald: Luke J. Spencer, “Zelda Fitzgerald’s Abandoned Sanitorium,” Atlas Obscura, https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/zelda-fitzgerald-s-abandoned-sanatorium.
“holding up the selection of Nixon’s Cabinet”: Rosen, 67.
According to Chennault, John Mitchell had been to her penthouse: Anna Chennault, The Education of Anna (New York: Times Books, 1980), 179–180.
$325,000: Washington Post, January 17, 1968.
$1,000 per month: Ibid.
“You’ve heard me talk about her”: Chennault, 179.
CHAPTER THREE: TITANIC ON THE POTOMAC
Edith and Lee Burchinal received: Washington Daily News, January 31, 1969.
“It takes a heap of selling”: Washington Post, January 11, 1969.
“All of us in this office”: Ibid.
“construction gripes”: Ibid.
members of the local chapter: Washington Star, October 11, 1968.
“create a restful mood”: Washington Post, October 19, 1968.
Sixteen design students: Washington Star, May 19, 1968.
until noise: Washington Post, August 1, 1965.
“some real ‘guts’”: McAfee correspondence, February 14, 1969, Pietro Lazzari papers, 1878–1998, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
“To go forward at all”: Washington Post, February 25, 1969.
“I bring a lot of paperwork home on weekends”: Ibid.
Hanford . . . recommended: Shelley Buchanan interview, December 2, 2016.
“It’s easier for the White House limousine”: Washington Star, July 20, 1969.
“Isn’t it mad”: Washington Post, February 25, 1969.
“They were rather snobbish”: Annelise Anderson interview, October 18, 2016.
Martin purchased a used car: Wall Street Journal, March 25, 1969.
“I like my old things”: Washington Post, February 25, 1969.
“more traditional”: McLendon, 80.
“I’ll just have to paint”: Washington Post, February 25, 1969.
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