by Prit Buttar
24. Luck, H. von (2002) Panzer Commander, London: Cassell, p.249
25. Tieke, p.124
26. See Laar (2006). For an account of the battle, see Tieke, pp.111–35
Chapter 8
1. Niepold, G. (1987) Panzeroperationen ‘Doppelkopf’ und ‘Cäsar’, Herford: Mittler, p.15
2. Bergstrom, C. (2007) Bagration to Berlin: The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945, Weybridge: Ian Allan, p.82
3. Krivosheev, G. (1997) Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century, London: Greenhill Books, p.371
4. Neumann, J. (1989) Die 4. Panzer Division 1943–1945, Bonn: self-published, pp.437–45
5. Niepold (1987), pp.19-20
6. Spaeter, H. (1995) History of the Panzerkorps Grossdeutschland, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, pp.389–90
7. Niepold (1987), p.21
8. Vsemyrnaya Ystoriya Vtoroye Myrovoye Voynyi (1999), Minsk, p.592
9. Bagramian, I. (1984) So Schritten Wir Zum Sieg, Berlin: Militärverlag der DDR, p.344
10. Schäufler, H. (1983) So Lebten Sie und So Starben Sie, Bamberg: Kameradschaft Ehemaliger Panzer-Regiment 35 eV, p.232
11. Plato, A. von (1978) Die Geschichte der 5. Panzer Division, Regensburg: Walhalla & Praetotia, p.358
12. Bagramian, pp.343–44
13. Bagramian, p.345
14. Manteuffel, H. von (1965) Die 7. Panzer-Division im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Krefeld: Schaberg, p.423
15. Bagramian, p.344
16. Quoted in Bagramian, p.346
17. Bagramian, pp.345–46
18. Plato, pp.358–59
19. Plato, p.359
20. Bagramian, p.348
21. Niepold (1987), pp.47–48
22. Bagramian, pp.352–53
23. Schäufler (1983), pp.232–33
24. Byrd, R. (2006) Once I Had a Comrade: Karl Roth and the Combat History of 36th Panzer Regiment 1939–1945, Solihull: Helion, p.133
25. Bagramian, p.354
26. Niepold (1987), pp.52–53
27. Neumann, J., pp.465–66
28. Plato, pp.360–61, Niepold (1987), p.68
29. Neumann, J., pp.469–71
30. Niepold (1987), p.73
31. Quoted in Niepold (1987), p.78
32. Neumann, J., p.474
33. Niepold (1987), p.81
34. Neumann, J., p.475, Niepold (1987), p.82
35. Bagramian, p.357
36. Kuznetsov, N. (2000) Koorsom k Pobyedye, Moscow: Golos, pp.411–18
37. Tieke, W. (2001): Tragedy of the Faithful – a History of the III. (Germanisches) SS-Panzer-Korps, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, pp.157–58
38. Niepold (1987), pp. 87–88
39. Bagramian, p.360
40. Bagramian, pp.361–62
41. Bagramian, pp.363
42. Bagramian, pp.365–67
43. Neumann, J., p.487
44. Bagramian, p.368
45. Plato, p.361
46. Plato, p.361
47. Niepold (1987), p.94
48. Schäufler (1983), pp.234–35
49. Meckl, R., Wartezimmer des Todes in Schäufler, H. (1973) Die Weg War Weit, Neckargemünd: Vowinckel, pp.197–98
50. Meckl, p.198
51. Tieke, p.162
52. Hiio, T. Combat in Estonia in 1944 in Hiio, T. (2006) Estonia, 1940–1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, Estonian Foundation for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, Tallinn: Kistler-Ritso, pp.1,035–1,094
53. Tieke, pp.171–72
54. Bagramian, pp.369–70
55. Kurowski, F. (2002) Bridgehead Kurland, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, pp.19–20
Chapter 9
1. Eidintas, A, Žalys, V, Senn, A (1999) Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 1918–1940, New York: St. Martin’s Press, p. 86
2. Gerutis, A. Independent Lithuania in Gerutis, A. (ed.) Lithuania: 700 Years (1984), translated by Budreckis, A., New York: Manyland Books, pp.247–49
3. Bagramian, I. (1984) So Schritten Wir Zum Sieg, Berlin: Militärverlag der DDR, pp.371–72
4. Bagramian, p.375
5. Bagramian, pp.377–78
6. Niepold, G. (1988) 12. Panzerdivision (2. Inf. Div.) Pommern 1921–1945, self-published, pp.107–108
7. Tieke, W. (2001): Tragedy of the Faithful – a History of the III. (Germanisches) SS-Panzer-Korps, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, p.175
8. Bagramian, p.381
9. Plato, A. von (1978) Die Geschichte der 5. Panzer Division, Regensburg: Walhalla & Praetoria, p.363
10. Bagramian, p.384
11. Bagramian, pp.387–88
12. Neumann, J. (1989) Die 4. Panzer Division 1943–1945, Bonn: self-published, p.505
13. Bagramian, pp.397–98
14. Plato, pp.363–64
15. Huber, J. (1994) So War es Wirklich, self-published, p.72
16. Huber, pp.72–78
17. Bagramian, p.389
18. Dieckert, K., Grossmann, H. (2002) Die Kampf um Ostpreussen, Munich: Motor Buch Verlag, p.31
19. Bagramian, pp.393–94
20. Plato, p.365
21. Spaeter, H. (1995) History of the Panzerkorps Grossdeutschland, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, pp.389–90; Niepold (1987), p.413
22. Bagramian, pp.396–97
23. Neumann, J., pp.510–11
24. Bagramian, p.398
25. Bagramian, p.400
26. Bagramian, pp.400–01
27. Bagramian, pp.403–04
28. Silgailis, A. (1986) Latvian Legion, San Jose: Bender, pp.122–24
29. Bagramian, pp.405–06
30. Neumann, J., pp.520–22
31. Bagramian, pp.410–11
32. Uustalu, E. (1952) The History of the Estonian People, London: Boreas, p.350
33. Latvijas Zinātņu Akadēmijas Centrālais Arhīvs, Riga, P-40/5/22, P-40/5/26
34. Felder, B. (2009) Lettland im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, p.337
35. Felder (2009), p.339
36. Winterton, P., quoted in Misiunas, R., Taagepera, R. (1993) The Baltic States – Years of Dependence 1940–1990, London: Hurst, p.72
37. Vīksne, R., Kangeris, K. (eds) (1999) No NKVD Līdz KGB. Politiskās Prāvas Latvijā 1940–1986, Riga: Latvijas Vēstures institūta apgāds, p.972
38. Dieckert and Grossmann, p.53
39. Christern, H., quoted in Schäufler, H. (1983) So Lebten Sie und So Starben Sie, Bamberg: Kameradschaft Ehemaliger Panzer-Regiment 35 eV, pp.238–39
Chapter 10
1. Plakans, A. (1995) The Latvians: A Short History, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, p.50
2. Quoted in Kurowski, F. (2002) Bridgehead Kurland, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, p.90
3. Bagramian, I. (1984) So Schritten Wir Zum Sieg, Berlin: Militärverlag der DDR, p.411
4. Bagramian, p.412
5. Neumann, J. (1989) Die 4. Panzer Division 1943–1945, Bonn: self-published, pp.522–23
6. Neumann, J., pp.524–28
7. Kurowski, pp.82–87
8. Neumann, J., p.533
9. Neumann, J., p.537
10. Bagramian, p.414
11. Silgailis, A. (1986) Latvian Legion, San Jose: Bender, p.134
12. Neumann, J., p551–52
13. Neumann, J., p.552
14. Kurowski, p.150
15. Neumann, J., p.571
16. For an account of these events, see Neumann, J., pp.570–77; Kurowski, pp.156–59
17. Neumann, J., p.579
18. Kurowski, pp.168–69
19. Kurowski, pp.170–71
20. Kurowski, p.173
21. Silgailis, pp.136–38
22. Neumann, J., pp.589–93
23. Felder, B. (2009) Lettland im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, p.320–35
Chapter 11
1. Neumann, J. (1989) Die 4. Panzer Division 1943–1945, Bonn: self-published, p.596–600
2. Neumann, J., p.601
3. Silgailis,
A. (1986) Latvian Legion, San Jose: Bender, p.143
4. Neumann, J., p.603
5. Niepold, G. (1988) 12. Panzerdivision (2. Inf. Div.) Pommern 1921–1945, self-published, p.94
6. Bagramian, I. (1984) So Schritten Wir Zum Sieg, Berlin: Militärverlag der DDR, pp.430–31
7. For an account of the British naval deployment in the Baltic after the First World War, see Bennett, G. (1964) Cowan’s War, London: Collins
8. Quoted in Kurowski, F. (2002) Bridgehead Kurland, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, pp.175–76
9. Kurowski, p.186
10. Kurowski, p.187
11. See for example Buttar, P. (2010) Battleground Prussia, Oxford: Osprey, p.302
12. Kurowski, p.197
13. Silgailis, p.149
14. Kurowski, pp.259–61
15. Schramm, P. (1982) Kriegstagebuch der Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, Vol. VIII, Herrsching: Pawlak, p.1, 472
16. Schön, H (1983) Ostsee 45, Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, p.606
17. Kurowski, p.269
18. Kurowski, p.270
19. Byrd, R. (2006) Once I Had a Comrade: Karl Roth and the Combat History of 36th Panzer Regiment 1939–1945, Solihull: Helion, pp.147–48
20. Byrd, pp.146–47
21. Byrd, p.147
22. Niepold (1988), p.96
23. Schön, p.627
24. Niepold (1988), p.96
25. Quoted in Kurowski, p.266
Chapter 12
1. Lentsman, L. (1977) Eesti Rahvas Suures Isamaasōjas, Tallinn: Partei Ajaloo Institut, p.439
2. Meškauskas, K., Januškevičius, V., Puronas, V. (1973) Lietuvos Dabartis Ir Ateitis, Vilnius: SN, p.12
3. Misiunas, R., Taagepera, R. (1993) The Baltic States – Years of Dependence 1940–1990, London: Hurst, p.74
4. Skultans, V. (1997) The Testimony of Lives: Narrative and Memory in Post-Soviet Latvia, Andover: Routledge, pp.83–84
5. Laar, M. (1992) War In The Woods: Estonia’s Struggle For Independence, Washington: Compass Press, pp.106–07
6. Quoted in Laar (1992), p.108
7. Laar (1992), p.113
8. Laar (1992), p.119
9. For an account of Ants Kaljurand’s activities, see Kiiver, V. (2010) Hirmus-Ants. Bandiit, Kangelane, Legend, Tartu: Kirjastus Aja Lood
10. Strods, H., Kott, M. (2002) ‘The File on Operation Priboi: A Re-Assessment of the Mass Deportations of 1949’ in Journal of Baltic Studies 33 (1), pp.1–36
11. Laar, M. (1992), p.24
12. Andersons, E., Siliņš, L. (eds) (2002) Latvija un Rietumi. Latviešu Nacionālā Pretestības Kustība 1943–1945, Riga: Latvijas Universitātes žurnāla ‘Latvijas Vēsture’ fonds, pp.14–126
13. Felder, B. (2004) Das Unternehmen ‘Wildkatze’ in Totalitārie Okupācijas Režimi Latvijā 1940–1964, Riga: Commission of the Historias of Latvia, Vol. 13, p.268
14. Leutnant Hasselmann’s report from Frontaufklärungskommando 212 dated 24/12/44, BA-MA, RH-2/2129, p.155
15. Felder (2009), pp.317–18
16. Strods, H. (1997) Latvijas Nacionālo Partizāņu Karš 1944–1956, Riga: Preses Nams, p.168
17. Gazeta Kapitalist (19/5/2004) Zhizn’ I Sudba ‘Bolshogo Medvedya’. Sto Let Vilisu Latsisu
18. Latišenka, A. (2001) Lietuvos istorijos atlasas, Vilnius: Vaga, p.25
19. Kuodytė, D., Tracevskis, R. (2004) The Unknown War: Armed Anti-Soviet Resistance in Lithuania in 1944–1953, Vilnius: Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania, p.43
20. See Buttar, P. (2010) Battleground Prussia, Oxford: Osprey, pp.452–53
21. Svenska Dagbladet, 21/6/94 and 22/6/94
22. Rolnikaite, M. (2002) Ich Muss Erzählen, Hamburg: Rowohlt, pp.268–69
23. Rolnikaite, p.277
24. Matas, D., Charendoff, S. (1988) Justice Delayed: Nazi War Criminals in Canada, Toronto: Summerhill, p.77
25. Littman, S. (1984) War Criminal on Trial: The Rauca Case, Ontario: Paperjacks
26. Time, 19/3/65
27. Merk, E. (2005) Schwere Jahre auf der Höhe des Lebens, Norderstedt: Books on Demand
28. Baltais, M. (1999) The Latvian Legion in Documents, Toronto: Amber, p.104
29. For a good, concise account, see Misiunas and Taagepera
30. Quoted in Miagov, M. (2005) SSSR, USA e Problema Pribaltikii v 1941-1945 Godah in Novaya e Novenshaya Istoriya, Vol. 1 pp.50–59; see also Loewenheim, F., Langley, H., Jonas, M. (1990) Churchill and Roosevelt: Their Secret Correspondence, Cambridge: Da Capo Press, pp.217–18
31. See for example Djukov, A. (2007) Meef o Genocheede: Repressii Sovietskiiy Vlasteii v Estonii, Moscow: Yakovlev, pp.87–96
32. Emelyanov, V. (2007) ‘Pribaltika vo Vtoroyi Mirovoyi’ in Nash Sovremmenik, Vol. 6 pp.154–68
33. Yampolski, V. (2001) ‘V Pribaltike Zhdali Furera … e Furer Prishel!’ in Voenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 6, pp.36–43
34. Zubkov, E. (2007) ‘“Lesnyie Bratya” v Pribaltike: Viona Posle Vionyi’ in Otechestvennaya Istoriya, Vol. 2, pp.74–90
35. Swain, G. (2004) Between Stalin and Hitler, London: Routledge, p.140, pp.247–48
36. European Court of Human Rights judgment in case Kononov v. Latvia, 24 June 2008
37. Hague Convention 1907, Article 23
38. Grand Chamber, European Court of Human Rights judgement in case Kononov v. Latvia, 17 May 2010
39. Condolences to Family of Great Patriotic War Veteran Vassili Kononov, Presidential Press and Information Office, Moscow, 1 April 2011
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