93. “The Honors of the Turf: The Kentucky Derby Won by Buchanan,” New York Times, May 17, 1884, 2.
94. Hotaling, Great Black Jockeys, 250; Betty Borries, Isaac Murphy: Kentucky's Record Jockey (Berea: Kentucke Imprints, 1988), 54; James Robert Saunders and Monica Renae Saunders, Black Winning Jockeys in the Kentucky Derby (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003), 56.
95. “Honors of the Turf: Kentucky Derby Won by Buchanan,” 2.
96. “Washington Park Races,” Kentucky Live Stock Record 20, no. 1 (July 5, 1884): 4.
97. Florence Hartley, The Ladies Book of Etiquette, and Manual of Politeness (Boston: J. S. Locke, 1876), 75.
98. Quoted in Hotaling, Great Black Jockeys, 253.
99. From November 1884 to February 1885, leaders from fourteen European nations met to decide the fate of the African continent as a source of future wealth for the imperial powers. On February 26, 1885, the member nations ratified the General Act of the Berlin Conference in support of carving up the continent into European colonies. The subsequent “scramble for Africa” was a source of continued pain and suffering for Africans, who had experienced the brutality, indignity, and inhumanity of the European slave trade for close to 400 years. See Henry Morton Stanley, The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State: A Story of Work and Exploration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011); Barbara Harlow and Mia Carter, eds., Archives of Empire, vol. 2, The Scramble for Africa (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003); Giuseppe Maria Finaldi, Italian National Identity in the Scramble for Africa: Italy's African Wars in the Era of Nation-Building, 1870–1900 (Bern: International Academic Publishers, 2009).
100. “The Kentucky Derby: Great Excitement over the Event,” Kansas City Star, May 14, 1885, 1; “A Famous Southern Derby,” New York Herald, May 15, 1885, 6.
101. “Latonia Jockey Club,” Live Stock Record 21, no. 22 (May 30, 1885): 340.
102. “The American Derby,” New Hampshire Sentinel, June 28, 1885, 2.
103. Ibid.
104. “A High Priced Jockey,” New York Times, July 12, 1885, 2; Springfield Republican, July 12, 1885, 1; Elko Daily Independent, July 13, 1885, 2; “Engaged by Lucky Baldwin for Two Years,” Kansas City Star, July 11, 1885, 2; “A Valuable Jockey,” Oregonian, July 12, 1885, 8.
105. “Jockey Ike Murphy: Methods of Training and Riding,” Kansas City Star, July 11, 1885, 4 (reprinted from the Chicago Tribune).
106. “The Turf: Corrigan's Chicago,” Kansas City Times, July 13, 1885, 2.
107. “General U. S. Grant,” Live Stock Record 22, no. 6 (August 8, 1885): 88.
108. Borries, Isaac Murphy, 80.
109. “Crack Racers to Try Again: Freeland and Miss Woodford to Do Battle Once More at Monmouth,” New York Herald, August 20, 1885, 6.
110. “Freeland's Famous Jockey,” New York Times, August 20, 1885, 3.
111. “Eastern Racing,” San Francisco Bulletin, August 21, 1885, 3.
112. Ibid.
113. Ibid.
114. “Baldwin Engages Murphy,” San Francisco Bulletin, August 21, 1885, 3.
115. “The Defeat of Freeland,” New York Herald-Tribune, August 21, 1885, 4.
116. “Notes of the Turf,” New York Times, September 14, 1885, 2.
117. In several cases in which jockeys breached their employment contracts, their employers posted notices in the Kentucky Live Stock Record to warn other potential employers.
118. Steven A. Reiss, The Sport of Kings and the Kings of Crime: Horse Racing, Politics, and Organized Crime in New York, 1865–1913 (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2011), 52–53.
119. “The Turf,” Times Picayune, September 15, 1885, 8.
120. “Passengers Coming,” Los Angeles Herald, April 20, 1886, 1.
121. “Baldwin's Ranch,” Detroit Free Press, April 10, 1886, 2.
122. Ibid.
123. Ibid.
124. “Turf Notes,” Daily Inter-Ocean, December 6, 1886, 6.
125. Sandra Lee Snider, Elias Jackson “Lucky” Baldwin (Los Angeles: Stairwell Group, 1987), 28–29.
126. “The Kentucky University,” New York Freeman, May 29, 1886, 1; Carson's Directory of the City of Louisville for 1885 (Louisville: C. K. Caron, 1885), 443.
127. Charles H. Wesley, The History of Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Ohio, 1849–1960 (Wilberforce, OH: Central State College Press, 1961), 10.
128. “Washington Park Club,” Live Stock Record 24, no. 1 (July 3, 1886): 3.
129. “The Pig-Skin Bayard: Isaac Murphy and His $12,000 a Year,” Daily Alta California, July 23, 1886, 1.
130. Ibid.
131. Ibid.
132. “Washington Park Races,” Live Stock Record 24, no. 4 (July 24, 1886): 53.
133. “Poison for Horses,” New York Times, August 17, 1886, 5.
134. “Race Horses Drugged,” Kansas City Times, August 15, 1886, 1.
135. “Isaac Murphy,” Australian Town and Country Journal, September 25, 1886, 36.
136. “Lucky Baldwin's Flyers,” New York Times, April 16, 1885, 1.
137. Hotaling, Great Black Jockeys, 256.
138. “Personal Mention,” Weekly Pelican, April 30, 1887, 2.
139. “Pulling Horses,” Live Stock Record 25, no. 24 (June 11, 1887): 376.
140. “Chicago Summertime Meeting,” Live Stock Record 26, no. 1 (July 2, 1887): 3.
141. “A Great Turf Event,” Omaha Daily World, June 17, 1887, 2.
142. “Jockeys Born and Made,” New York Herald, June 27, 1887, 2.
143. Ibid.
144. Ibid., 2.
145. “Washington Park Club,” Live Stock Record 26, no. 4 (July 23, 1887): 56.
146. “Sir Dixon's Triumph,” New York Herald, August 24, 1887, 6.
147. “Bad Day for Favorites,” Daily Inter-Ocean, August 24, 1887, 3.
148. “Post and Paddock,” Spirit of the Times, September 3, 1887, 201.
149. “Track and Stable Talk,” Aberdeen Daily News, December 28, 1887, 3.
150. “Isaac's Murphy's Position as a Jockey,” Live Stock Record 27, no. 8 (February 25, 1888): 682.
151. Ibid.
152. “A Jockey's Comfortable Income,” Washington Critic, February 11, 1888, 5.
153. “Isaac Murphy, the Colored Archer,” Chicago Horseman, April 26, 1888, 496.
154. “Track Boulevard,” Chicago Horseman, May 10, 1888, 568.
155. “Must Bow to The Bard,” Daily Inter-Ocean, May 27, 1888, 2.
156. “Five Races Today,” Daily Inter-Ocean, June 23, 1888, 3.
157. “Washington Park,” Chicago Horseman, June 28, 1888, 790.
158. “Personals,” Live Stock Record 8, no. 9 (September 1, 1888): 137; “Jimmy McLaughlin,” New York Times, August 29, 1888, 2.
159. “Hankins & Campbell, Owners of the Chicago Stable, Have Engaged Jimmy McLaughlin,” Daily Inter-Ocean, August 30, 1888, 1.
160. “Ike Murphy, the Colored Archer—Salary $10,000,” Cleveland Gazette, August 18, 1888, 2.
161. “The American Turf Congress,” Live Stock Record 28, no. 18 (November 3, 1888): 277.
162. “The Turf Congress: Western Men to Meet with Eastern Racing Authorities To-day,” New York Times, November 15, 1888, 8.
163. “The New Scale of Weight,” Live Stock Record 28, no. 21 (November 24, 1888): 327; “New Weights for Racers,” New York Times, November 22, 1888, 2.
164. “Ike Murphy, the Colored Archer—Salary $10,000,” 2.
165. Drape, Black Maestro, 54–57.
166. “King of the Pigskin Artists,” New York Herald, March 17, 1889, 24.
167. Ibid.
168. “Badge by a Head,” New York Herald, May 19, 1889, 2.
169. “For Lovers of Sport: Peter Jackson's Opinion of Certain Pugilists,” Wheeling Register, August 18, 1889, 3.
170. “Lorillard Day at Monmouth,” New York Herald, July 9, 1889, 8.
171. “Haggin's Hoard Increased,” Daily Inter-Ocean, July 10, 1889, 2; “Isaac Murphy, th
e Finest Race Rider in the Country,” Indianapolis Freeman, July 27, 1889, 2.
172. “Won by Foul Riding,” Daily Inter-Ocean, July 10, 1889, 2.
8. In This Peculiar Country
1. “The Race Problem,” Kentucky Leader, January 17, 1890, 1.
2. “The League a Fact,” New York Age, January 25, 1890, 2.
3. “Afro-American League Convention Speech, New York Age, January 25, 1890, 2.
4. For a good explanation of the differences between a gentleman rider and a gentleman jockey, see “Gentleman Jockeys,” Bailey's Magazine of Sports and Pastimes 5 (November 1862): 218–27.
5. “Rain at the Racetrack,” Kentucky Leader, January 19, 1890, 3.
6. William H. Ballard, History of Prince Hall Freemasonry in Kentucky (Lexington: Prince Hall Free and Accepted Masons, 1950); Martin Delany, The Origins and Objects of Ancient Freemasonry: Its Introduction into the United States, and Legitimacy among Colored Men (Pittsburgh: W. S. Haven, 1853); Harry B. Davis, A History of Freemasonry among Negroes in America (Detroit: Harlo Press, 1979); Charles Wesley, The History of Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Ohio, 1849–1960 (Wilberforce, OH: Central State College Press, 1961).
7. In 1775 “Prince Hall and fourteen other free men of color were initiated into Masonry in Boston by an army lodge of a British regiment stationed in that city.” Davis, History of Freemasonry among Negroes, 21.
8. “Knights-Templars vs. Knights-Templar,” Freemasons’ Monthly Magazine 24, no. 10 (August 1, 1865): 289.
9. Martha S. Jones, All Bound up Together: The Woman Question in African American Public Culture, 1830–1900 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007), 169.
10. Dudley Wright, Women and Freemasonry (London: William Rider and Son, 1922), 108.
11. “Forty-One Race Horses,” Brooklyn Eagle, March 2, 1890, 18.
12. “How the Derby Was Won,” Lexington Leader, May 16, 1890, 1.
13. Ibid.
14. Newspapers like the Cleveland Gazette tended to exaggerate Murphy's winnings in an effort to elevate his significance as an iconic figure and an example of success and power. It reported that Ed Corrigan's winnings on Riley amounted to $15,000, almost three times the amount actually won. “The Race's Doings,” Cleveland Gazette, June 14, 1890, 1.
15. “Louisville: Riley Proves to Be the Best Three Year Thus Far,” Spirit of the Times, May 24, 1890, 1.
16. “Louisville Jockey Club,” Live Stock Record 31, no. 21 (May 24, 1890): 324.
17. “Turf Notes,” Philadelphia Inquirer, May 15, 1890, 6; “Turf Gossip,” Live Stock Record 31, no. 21 (May 24, 1890): 326; “Personal,” San Francisco Bulletin, July 25, 1890, 4.
18. “Latonia,” Spirit of the Times, May 31, 1890, 1.
19. Ibid.
20. Carla L. Peterson, Black Gotham (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011).
21. “Racing in the West,” Spirit of the Times, June 7, 1890, 1.
22. “Famous Riders: Three Colored Jockeys Who Have Done Wonderful,” Bismarck Tribune, June 8, 1890, 4.
23. “A Suburban for Salvator: Cassius Second and Tenny Third in America's Greatest Race,” New York Times, June 21, 1890, 1.
24. “The Big Suburban: Thousands to See the Greatest Race Ever Run in America,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 17, 1890, 2.
25. “A Suburban for Salvator,” 1.
26. Ibid.
27. “A Splendid Turf Triumph,” Brooklyn Eagle, June 18, 1890, 4.
28. “A Suburban for Salvator,” 1.
29. “A Splendid Turf Triumph,” 4.
30. “A Challenge,” Brooklyn Eagle, June 19, 1890, 1; “The Favorites Beaten: A Tame Day's Racing at the Sheepshead Bay Race Track,” New York Times, June 21, 1890, 8.
31. See David W. Zang, Fleet Walker's Divided Heart: The Life of Baseball's First Black Major Leaguer (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995); Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1995); Colleen Aycock and Mark Scott, eds., The First Black Boxing Champions: Essays on Fighters of the 1800s to the 1920s (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2011).
32. “King of the Turf: Salvator Meets Tenny,” Louisville Courier-Journal, June 18, 1890, 2.
33. Ibid.
34. “Instantaneous Photography,” Wilson's Photographic Magazine 27, no. 382 (November 15, 1890): 699–700. Hemment was one of the first people to recognize the value of photography in sports. His photograph of the finish between Salvator and Tenny initiated a new element in horse racing: the photo finish. “Adventures in Photography,” Delineator, November 1903, 641–46.
35. “King of the Turf: Salvator Meets Tenny,” 2.
36. “Quarterstretch Notes,” New York Herald-Tribune, June 26, 1890, 3.
37. “Salvator,” Chicago Horseman, June 26, 1890, 1107.
38. “Isaac Murphy's Little Joke,” Chicago Horseman, July 3, 1890, 1154.
39. “The Turf,” Cleveland Gazette, July 12, 1890, 8.
40. “The Prince of Jockeys,” New York Age, July 5, 1890, 1.
41. Ibid.
42. “A Lively League Meeting,” New York Age, July 12, 1890, 1.
43. “Prince of Jockeys,” 1.
44. “The World and the Church,” Indianapolis Freeman, July 19, 1890, 7.
45. “His Physician Declares that Isaac Murphy Was Poisoned at Monmouth Park,” Daily Inter-Ocean, November 17, 1890, 2.
46. “Track and Boulevard,” Chicago Horseman, August 21, 1890, 1420.
47. “Monmouth Park,” Chicago Horseman, August 14, 1890, 1379.
48. “Post and Paddock,” Spirit of the Times, August 16, 1890, 142–43.
49. “Track and Boulevard,” Chicago Horseman, August 28, 1890, 1462.
50. “In Their Field of Action,” Cleveland Gazette, August 23, 1890, 2.
51. “Track and Boulevard,” Chicago Horseman, August 21, 1890, 1420.
52. “A Monmouth Sensation,” New York Times, August 27, 1890, 3.
53. Ed Hotaling, The Great Black Jockeys: The Lives and Times of the Men Who Dominated America's First National Sport (Rocklin, CA: Forum Prima Publishing, 1999), 264–65.
54. “Isaac Murphy Thought to Have Been Drugged,” Times Picayune, August 29, 1890, 2.
55. “Murphy's Strange Illness,” New York Herald, August 28, 1890, 7.
56. “The Monmouth Park Meeting,” Chicago Horseman, September 4, 1890, 1494.
57. James McLaughlin had retired from racing after the Dwyer brothers replaced him with Murphy, and he became a trainer for Pierre Lorillard's Rancocas string of horses. But soon after the Monmouth Park affair, he decided to return to the saddle for Frank Ehret's Hellgate Stable out of California. “Track and Boulevard,” Chicago Horseman, September 4, 1890, 1504.
58. “Monmouth Sensation,” 3; “Isaac Murphy's Mistake,” Kentucky Leader, August 27, 1890, 1.
59. “Post and Paddock,” Spirit of the Times, August 30, 1890, 226; “Isaac Murphy's Mistake,” 1; “Monmouth Park Meeting,” 1494.
60. “Isaac Murphy's Mistake,” 1.
61. “Monmouth Sensation,” 3.
62. “Murphy's Strange Illness: Neither Drunk nor Drugged, But in a Very Bad Way,” New York Herald, August 28, 1890, 2.
63. Ibid.
64. “Monmouth Sensation,” 3.
65. “Track and Boulevard,” Chicago Horseman, September 4, 1890, 1504.
66. “Sporting: The Turf,” Times Picayune, August 29, 1890, 2.
67. “Isaac Murphy's Mistake,” 1.
68. “Isaac Murphy's Fall,” Cleveland Gazette, August 30, 1890, 2.
69. “The Investigation,” Chicago Horseman, September 11, 1890, 1543.
70. “The Race's Doings,” Cleveland Gazette, October 11, 1890, 1.
71. “Sporting: The Turf,” Times Picayune, October 6, 1890, 2.
72. “Jockey Murphy,” Evening News, October 9, 1890, 2.
73. “Peace and Good Will,” Daily Inter
-Ocean, November 17, 1890, 2.
74. “Was Isaac Murphy Poisoned,” Live Stock Record 32, no. 21 (November 22, 1890): 329.
75. “Isaac Murphy Was Poisoned: Proof that the Crack Jockey Was Wrongfully Accused of Drunkenness,” Philadelphia Inquirer, November 15, 1890, 1.
76. “Isaac Murphy Ill,” Chicago Herald, November 23, 1890, 1.
77. Ibid.
78. “Pot Calling the Kettle,” Cleveland Gazette, December 20, 1890, 2.
79. The 1890 city directory has a listing for John Thomas, a brick setter, on Cherry Street north of Chase Street, which is near Race Street. Williams’ Cincinnati Directory (Cincinnati: Williams and Co., 1890), 1333.
80. Ballard, History of Prince Hall Freemasonry, 104.
81. “Grand Reception,” Lexington Transcript, January 25, 1891, 2.
82. Hotaling, Great Black Jockeys, 268.
83. “Won Fame as a Jockey: And He Showers Hospitality on His Friends,” Kentucky Leader, January 31, 1893, 10.
84. “Sporting News,” Cleveland Plaindealer, January 9, 1891, 2.
85. “Jockey Murphy Very Ill,” Cleveland Gazette, January 10, 1891, 2.
86. “Tales of the Turf,” Grand Forks Herald, January 25, 1891, 3.
87. “Tales of the Turf,” State: South Carolina, February 26, 1891, 6.
88. “A Great Racing Year: Arrangements for the Greatest Season on the American Turf,” Dallas Morning News, March 22, 1891, 17.
89. “Kingman Won with Ease,” Salt Lake Tribune, May 14, 1891, 1.
90. “Louisville Jockey Club,” Live Stock Record 33, no. 20 (May 16, 1891): 308.
91. “Turf and Track Notes,” New York Herald, June 4, 1891, 9.
92. “Off Day at Morris Park,” New York Times, June 4, 1891, 3.
93. “Racing and Trotting Notes,” New York Times, June 12, 1891, 2.
94. For an excellent study of horse racing, politics, and organized crime in New York, see Steven Reiss, The Sport of Kings and Kings of Crime: Horse Racing, Politics and Organized Crime in New York: 1865–1913 (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2011).
95. “Rey del Rey the Winner,” New York Times, August 19, 1891, 2.
96. “Afro American Celebrities,” Indianapolis Freeman, October 17, 1891, 1.
97. “Sale of The Hero,” Live Stock Record 35, no. 3 (January 16, 1892): 37.
98. “The Hellgate Stable,” Live Stock Record 35, no. 4 (January 20, 1892): 59.
The Prince of Jockeys Page 54