by Hughes, Ben;
22. Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 147–8
23. ADM 53/291; HMS Cherub Muster Roll, ADM 31/3411; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 148–50.
24. Thornton to Thornton, Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 131–2; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 148; Benjamin Vicuña Mackenna, Obras Completas, Vol. 3, Historia de Valparaiso, Santiago: Universidad de Chile, 1936, p. 17.
25. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 149; Hillyar to Croker, 10 February 1814, Phoebe, Valparaiso, ADM 1/1949. On Belcher see HMS Cherub Pay Roll, ADM 35/3411.
26. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 147–8.
27. Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 104; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 150. On the British merchants in Valparaiso see Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, Valparaíso y los Ingleses en Tres Siglos: Conferencia Leída en Inglés por Don Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna ante la Young Men’s Christian Association de Valparaíso, el Año de 1884, Santiago: Imprenta Cervantes, 1910, pp. 32–5; Moisés Hasson Camhi, Viaje y Migracion de los Blest en los Albores del la Independencia (available online); E. B. Ince (ed.), The Law Journal Reports, Vol. 33, 1864, p. 276; Eduardo Cavieres Figueroa, Comercio Chileno y Commerciantes Ingleses, 1820-1880, chapter 3, (Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 1988); David J. Woods, The Bombardment of Paradise: March 31 1866: Why the Spanish Attacked Valparaiso and the British and American Fleet Merely Watched, WTA Publishing, 2011, p. 24.
28. Thornton to Thornton, Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 135; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 146; Farragut, Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 12. On the old acquaintances amongst the rival crews compare the muster rolls of the Phoebe and Cherub with the roll of prisoners taken by US ships and Porter’s lists of casualties and captured men: ADM 35/3677; ADM 31/3411; ADM 103/466; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 233–41.
29. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; The Naval War of 1812, p. 769; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 152; Hillyar to Croker, Phoebe, off Valparaiso, ADM 1/22.
30. ADM 52/4237; ADM 37/4381; Porter, Journal, Vol. 1, p. 2.
31. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 102–3.
32. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291.
33. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 152; Crompton to Hillyar, Thursday [23 February 1814] Morning at 10 O’Clock, National Maritime Museum Archives, AGC 23/7.
34. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291.
35. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Crompton to Hillyar, Thursday [23 February 1814], AGC 23/7; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 152–3.
36. ADM 52/4237; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 150–4; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe at Sea, 26 June 1814, ADM 1/1950; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 103; British Merchants Resident in Valparaiso to Hillyar, 25 February 1814, reproduced in The Naval War of 1812, pp. 718–19.
37. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 103–4; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe at Sea, 26 June 1814, ADM 1/1950; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 154; Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 12.
38. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291.
39. A Cabildo Abierto was a general meeting of the elite residents (administrators, clergy, merchants and military) of a Spanish colonial town to discuss a specific political or military matter. They were only called under extraordinary circumstances.
40. Letter of Samuel Burr Johnson, Valparaiso, 27 April 1814, reproduced in Diarios, Memorias y Relatos Testemoniales; Collier, Ideas and Politics, pp. 99–100.
41. Niles’ Weekly Register, 20 August 1814; reproduced in The Naval War of 1812, p. 721.
42. Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 138–40.
43. ADM 52/4237; Andrew Blest to Hillyar, 15 March 1814, Valparaiso, AGC 23/7; Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 12; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe at Sea, 26 June 1814, ADM 1/1950.
44. ADM 52/4237; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 138; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 154–6.
45. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Crompton to Hillyar, Santiago, 19 March 1814, AGC 23/7.
46. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Ingram Will, PROB 11/1567.
47. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Crompton to Hillyar, Santiago, 23 March 1814, AGC 23/7. On Tucker see ADM 51/2675; ADM 103/466; ADM 35/3677.
48. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 163–4; Rippy, Joel R Poinsett, p. 54. On Johnson see The Naval War of 1812, p. 740, footnote 22.
Chapter 13
1. Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 164; Memorial of Mrs. John R. Shaw to the Naval Affairs Committee, 5 February 1839, reproduced in The Naval War of 1812, p. 727.
2. The Log Book of the USS Essex, reproduced in The Naval War of 1812, p. 725; ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291.
3. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291.
4. The following British sources were used in the description of the battle: the log books of HMS Phoebe, ADM 52/4237; and HMS Cherub, ADM 53/291 (both provide details of damage repaired in the days after the battle); Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 105–7; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe in Valparaiso Bay, 30 March 1814, ADM 1/1950; Thornton to Thornton, reproduced in Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 132-5; Charles Sampson letter, reproduced in Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 136–7; Hillyar to Croker, 6 December 1814, ADM 1/1950 (mentions the role of Mr. Nickenson during the battle); Hillyar to Croker, 5 December 1814, ADM 1/1950 (mentions the role of Master Miller during the battle); Hillyar Memorial in Colburn’s United Service Magazine, Part 3, 1843, pp. 279–80; Report of the Proceedings of the Naval and Military Bible Society, London: 1837. The following US sources were used: Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 163–71 and 234–41; Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, pp. 12–15; Niles’ Weekly Register, 20 August 1814, p.420 of Vol. VI of 1814; Saunders, The Early Settlers of Alabama, Part 1, pp. 316–18; Niles’ Weekly Register, Vol. 10, 1816, p. 319; Log Book of the USS Essex, reproduced in The Naval War of 1812, pp. 725–7; Boatswain’s, Carpenter’s and Gunner’s reports of damage to USS Essex, reproduced in The Naval War of 1812, pp. 741–4. Also see Vicente Pérez Rosales, Recuerdos del Pasado (1814-1860), Vitanet: Biblioteca Virtual, 2003, pp. 18–9; Benjamin Vicuña Mackenna, De Valparaíso a Santiago, Librería del Mercurio, 1877, pp. 24–30.
Chapter 14
1. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 15; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 171.
2. Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 16; ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 107.
3. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 107 and 129; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe Valparaiso Bay, 30 March 1814, ADM 1/1950; Thornton to Thornton (op. cit.), reproduced in Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 135.
4. Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe Valparaiso Bay, 30 March 1814, ADM 1/1950; Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 16; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 174.
5. Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 169; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 105; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe Valparaiso Bay, 30 March 1814, ADM 1/1950; Thornton to Thornton (op. cit.), reproduced in Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 135.
6. Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 14.
7. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291.
8. Boatswain’s, Carpenter’s and Gunner’s reports of damage to USS Essex, reproduced in The Naval War of 1812, pp. 741–4.
9. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 174–5 and 233–7; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe Valparaiso Bay, 5 April 1814, ADM 1/1950.
10. ADM 35/3677; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 172.
11. Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe Valparaiso Bay, 5 April 1814, ADM 1/1950; ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; ADM 35/3677.
12. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Hillyar to Croker, 12 April 1814, HMS Phoebe Valparaiso Bay, ADM 1/1950; Hillyar to Croker, 13 April 1814, HMS Phoebe Valparaiso Bay, ADM 1/1950; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 171. On HMS Tagus see Robert Gardiner, Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars, London: Chatham Publishing, 2006, p. 35.
13. Thornton to Thornton, in Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 135; Shillibeer, A Narrative of the Briton’s Voyage, p. 108; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 108–12.
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14. Hillyar wrote a series of letters to Croker detailing his travels in the interior of Chile. See Hillyar to Croker, Santiago, 11 May 1814 and following, ADM 1/1950. Also see Collier, Ideas and Politics, pp. 100, 113, 116–18, 120; El Monitor Araucano, Tomo II, No. 44. 17 May 1814; Shillibeer, A Narrative of the Briton’s Voyage, p. 108; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 170–1; and Edward R. Norman, Christianity in the Southern Hemisphere: The Churches in Latin America and South Africa, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981, p. 75.
15. ADM 52/4237; ADM 53/291; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 107; Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 171; Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, p. 16. On Cole and Whitney see Niles’ Weekly Register, Vol. 10, 1816, p. 319.
16. Hillyar to Croker, Santiago, 11 May 1814, ADM 1/1950; El Monitor Araucano, Tomo II, No. 44. 17 May 1814; Shillibeer, A Narrative of the Briton’s Voyage, p. 108.
17. ADM 52/4237; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, p. 113; Hillyar to Croker, Valparaiso, no date (circa May to June 1814), ADM 1/1950.
18. ADM 52/4237; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 114–15; ADM 37/4381; Hillyar to Croker, Valparaiso, no date (circa May to June 1814), ADM 1/1950; ADM 35/3677.
19. ADM 52/4237; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 115–18.
20. Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 175–7; Farragut, The Life of David Glasgow Farragut, pp. 16–17.
21. ADM 52/4237; Gardiner, Hunting the Essex, pp. 115–26; Colburn’s United Service Magazine, Part 3, 1843, p. 281; Log of HMS Essex, ADM 52/4481; Dixon to Croker, Rio de Janeiro, 31 August 1814, ADM 1/1950.
Epilogue
1. Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, p. 177; Long, Nothing Too Daring, pp. 165–6.
2. The Naval War of 1812, pp. 760–72; entries for Kingsbury and Field in War of 1812 Pension Files, US Navy.
3. Long, Nothing Too Daring, pp. 165–6.
4. Ibid, pp. 166–71.
5. ADM 52/4237; Hillyar to Croker, 6 December 1814, ADM 1/1950; Hillyar to Croker, 5 December 1814, ADM 1/1950.
6. Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe, Plymouth, 13 November 1814, ADM 1/1950; Hillyar to Croker, HMS Phoebe, Plymouth, 6 December 1814, ADM 1/1950.
7. Hillyar to Croker, 6 December 1814, ADM 1/1950; Hillyar to Croker, 5 December 1814, ADM 1/1950. On Miller’s career see General Service Medals spreadsheet at http://www.google.cl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbritishmedals.us%2Ffiles%2FNGSalpha13.xlsx&ei=_WRsVbTxD4icgwTwgoKoCg&usg=AFQjCNEQE4TvePHWQS40qlOU_PxSFiomUg&bvm=bv.94455598,d.cGU
8. Bury and Norwich Post, 27 December 1815; Dudson, English Admiralty Reports, pp. 397–402.
9. Barent Gardenier (ed.), The Examiner: Containing Political Essays on the Most Important …, Vol. 3, 1814, p. 470; Gardiner, Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars, pp. 33–40.
10. On Morgan see http://www.dnw.co.uk/auction-archive/catalogue-archive/lot.php?department=Medals&lot_id=98047.
11. Toll, Six Frigates, pp. 418–52; Lambert, The Challenge, pp. 380–402; Budiansky, Perilous Fight, pp. 353–68.
12. The Sussex Advertiser, 30 January 1815; The Morning Post, London, 15 February 1815; Hampshire Chronicle, 15 May 1815; The London Gazette, 21 January 1815.
13. Charles Sampson to Mother, 8 August 1815, Sampson Family Papers, 1999/9, Royal Navy Museum Archives. For more on Napoleon’s surrender see David Cordingly, Billy Ruffian: The Bellerophon and the Downfall of Napoleon, London: Bloomsbury, 2004, pp. 228–53.
14. ADM 52/4237; Royal Cornwall Gazette, 26 August 1815. On decommissioning see Lavery, Nelson’s Navy, p. 322; and Cordingly, Billy Ruffian, p. 279.
15. John Gamble, The Memorial of Lieutenant Colonel J. M. Gamble, New York: Geo. F. Hopkins, 1828) Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 178–226; McDonald, Journal; Shillibeer, A Narrative of the Briton’s Voyage.
16. Porter, Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 245–52; Stephen W. H. Duffy, Captain Blakeley and the Wasp: The Cruise of 1814, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2001, pp. 265–73.
17. The Literary Panorama and National Register, 1815, pp. 802–3; Stackpole, Whales & Destiny, pp. 187–95.
18. Niles’ Weekly Register, Vol. 10, 1816, p. 319; entry for Cole in War of 1812 Pension Files, US Navy.
19. The London Gazette, 9 September 1815.
20. Bury and Norwich Post, 27 December 1815; Colonial Secretary Index, Reel 6005, 4/3469, p. 116 and Reel 6027, 4/1717.1, pp. 31–2, available at http://colsec.records.nsw.gov.au/indexes/colsec/s/F54c_sto-sy-13.htm
21. Lambert, The Challenge, pp. 402–57.
22. Long, Nothing Too Daring, pp. 160–84.
23. Ibid, p. 161; Lambert, The Challenge, pp. 443–4; William James, A Full and Correct Account of the Chief Naval Occurrences of the Late War Between Great Britain and the United States, London: T. Egerton, 1817, pp. 305–20, The Quarterly Review, Vol. XIII, July 1815, art. 4.
24. Long, Nothing Too Daring, pp. 175–320.
25. Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1843, Part III, pp. 271–85; Blake, Evangelicals in the Royal Navy, pp. 185–6 and 240.
26. Bancroft, Carvill and Wiley (eds.), The American Monthly Magazine, Vol. 2, Boston: 1836, pp. 71–8.
27. Charles Lee Lewis, David Glasgow Farragut: Admiral in the Making, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2014; Charles Lee Lewis, David Glasgow Farragut: Our First Admiral, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2014.
28. John William Marsh and Waite Hockin Stirling, The Story of Commander Allen Gardiner R.N …, Oxford: J. Nisbet, 1867.
29. Thornton, Some Things We Have Remembered; William O’Byrne, A Naval Biographical Dictionary, London: Murray, 1849, p. 1178.
30. War of 1812 Pension Files, US Navy, entries for Kingsbury and Hughes; Kenneth Douglas-Morris, Naval General Service Medal Roll, 1793-1840, Andrews UK Limited, 2012. On Crooney see The National Archives Trafalgar Ancestors search engine.
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