Encephalitis Lethargica
Carswell, Sue. “Oliver Sacks.” People, February 11, 1991. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,20114432,00.html.
Crosby, Molly Caldwell. Asleep: The Forgotten Epidemic That Remains One of Medicine’s Greatest Mysteries. New York: Berkley Books, 2010. Kindle edition.
Golden, Tim. “Bronx Doctor Has Best-Seller, Hit Movie and No Job.” New York Times, February 16, 1991. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/16/nyregion/bronx-doctor-has-best-seller-hit-movie-and-no-job.html?pagewanted=all.
Kolata, Gina. The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It. New York: Touchstone, 1999.
“Mystery of the Forgotten Plague.” BBC News. July 27, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3930727.stm.
“Parkinson Disease.” New York Times Health Guide. September 16, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/parkinsons-disease/levadopa-(l-dopa).html.
Reid, Ann H., Sherman McCall, James M. Henry, and Jeffrey K. Taubenberger. “Experimenting on the Past: The Enigma of von Economo’s Encephalitis Lethargica.” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, July 2001. http://jnen.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/7/663.
Sacks, Oliver. Awakenings. New York: Vintage Books, 1999.
Vilensky, Joel A. Encephalitis Lethargica: During and After the Epidemic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Kindle edition.
Vilensky, Joel A. “Sleeping Princes and Princesses: The Encephalitis Lethargica Epidemic of the 1920s and a Contemporary Evaluation of the Disease.” Presentation Slides. 2008. http://slideplayer.com/slide/3899891/.
Vilensky, Joel A. “The ‘Spanish Flu’ Epidemic of 1918 & Encephalitis Lethargica.” The Sophie Cameron Trust, Bath, England. http://www.thesophiecamerontrust.org.uk/research-epedemic.htm.
Vincent, Angela. “Encephalitis Lethargica: Part of a Spectrum of Post-streptococcal Autoimmune Diseases?” Brain: A Journal of Neurology, December 16, 2003. http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/127/1/2.
Lobotomies
Beam, Alex. Gracefully Insane: The Rise and Fall of America’s Premier Mental Hospital. New York: Public Affairs, 2009.
Borden, Audrey. The History of Gay People in Alcoholics Anonymous: From the Beginning. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Dully, Howard, and Charles Fleming. My Lobotomy. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2008.
Dynes, John B., and James L. Poppen. “Lobotomy for Intractable Pain.” Journal of the American Medical Association 140, no. 1 (May 7, 1949). http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=304291.
El-Hai, Jack. The Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and His Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2005. Kindle edition.
Harkavy, Ward. “The Scary Days When Thousands Were Lobotomized on Long Island.” Village Voice, October 26, 1999. http://www.villagevoice.com/long-island-voice/the-scary-days-when-thousands-were-lobotomized-on-long-island-7155435.
Harlow, John M. “Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar through the Head.” Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society, 1868. Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Recovery_from_the_passage_of_an_iron_bar_through_the_head.
“Introduction: The Lobotomist.” American Experience. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/introduction/lobotomist-introduction/.
Kessler, Ronald. The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty He Founded. New York: Grand Central, 1996.
Kochar, Piya, and Dave Isay. “My Lobotomy: Howard Dully’s Story.” Edited by Gary Corvino. Sound Portraits Productions. NPR.org. November 16, 2005. http://www.npr.org/2005/11/16/5014080/my-lobotomy-howard-dullys-journey.
Larson, Kate Clifford. Rosemary: The Hidden Kennedy Daughter. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015.
Levinson, Hugh. “The Strange and Curious History of Lobotomy.” Magazine, BBC News, November 8, 2011. http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15629160.
“Lobotomy.” PsychologistWorld.com. http://www.psychologistworld.com/biological/lobotomy.php.
Long, Tony. “Nov. 12, 1935: You Should (Not) Have a Lobotomy.” WIRED, November 12, 2010. http://www.wired.com/2010/11/1112first-lobotomy/.
McGrath, Charles. “A Lobotomy That He Says Didn’t Touch His Soul.” New York Times, November 16, 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/16/arts/a-lobotomy-that-he-says-didnt-touch-his-soul.html.
“Moniz Develops Lobotomy for Mental Illness, 1935.” People and Discoveries. ETV Education, PBS.org. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dh35lo.html.
“My Lobotomy.” All Things Considered. SoundPortraits Productions, November 16, 2005. http://soundportraits.org/on-air/my_lobotomy/transcript.php.
Phillips, Michael M. “The Lobotomy File, Part Two: One Doctor’s Legacy.” A Wall Street Journal special project. 2013. http://projects.wsj.com/lobotomyfiles/?ch=two.
Pressman, Jack D. Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine. Edited by Charles Rosenberg and Colin James. Cambridge History of Medicine series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Raz, Mical. Lobotomy Letters: The Making of American Psychosurgery. Edited by Theodore M. Brown. Rochester Studies in Medical History series. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2015.
Scull, Andrew T., ed. Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness: An A-to-Z Guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2014.
Vertosick, Frank T., Jr. “Lobotomy’s Back.” Discover, October 1997. http://discovermagazine.com/1997/oct/lobotomysback1240.
Weiner, Eric. “Nobel Panel Urged to Rescind Prize for Lobotomies.” NPR.org. August 10, 2005. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4794007.
Polio
Castillo, Merrysha. “Jonas Salk.” The Exercise of Leadership. Wagner College, New York. http://faculty.wagner.edu/lori-weintrob/jonas-salk/.
“Deadly Diseases: Polio.” ETV Education, PBS.org. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/rxforsurvival/series/diseases/polio.html.
“Double Party Held at Warm Springs.” New York Times, January 30, 1934. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B01EED91E3DE23ABC4950DFB766838F629EDE.
Eisenhower, Dwight D. “Citation Presented to Dr. Jonas E. Salk and Accompanying Remarks.” The American Presidency Project. April 22, 1955. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=10457.
Heffner, Richard D. “Man Evolving … an Interview with Jonas Salk.” Open Mind, May 11, 1985. http://www.thirteen.org/openmind-archive/science/man-evolving/.
Llanas, Sheila. Jonas Salk: Medical Innovator and Polio Vaccine Developer. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2013.
Loving, Sarah. “Herd Immunity (Community Immunity).” University of Oxford, Vaccine Knowledge Project. http://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk/herd-immunity.
“Measles (MCV)—Data by Country.” Global Health Observatory data repository. World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A826?_ga=1.149767604.366030890.1401971125.
“Medicine: Closing In on Polio.” Time, March 29, 1954. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,819686-4,00.html.
Musgrave, Ian. “‘Toxins’ in Vaccines: A Potentially Deadly Misunderstanding.” The Conversation, November 28, 2012. http://theconversation.com/toxins-in-vaccines-a-potentially-deadly-misunderstanding-11010.
Nielsen, N. M., K. Rostgaard, K. Juel, D. Askgaard, and P. Aaby. “Long-term Mortality after Poliomyelitis.” U.S. National Library of Medicine. May 2003. PubMed.com. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12859038.
Offit, Paul A. The Cutter Incident: How America’s First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005. Kindle edition.
“Oral Polio Vaccine.” Global Polio Eradication Initiative. http://www.polioeradication.org/Polioandprevention/Thevaccines/Oralpoliovaccine(OPV).aspx.
Oshinsky, David M. Polio: An American Story. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
“People and Discoveries—Jonas Salk.” A Science Odyssey. PBS. org. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmsalk.html.
Plotkin, St
anley. “‘Herd Immunity’: A Rough Guide.” Oxford Journals: Clinical Infectious Diseases 52, no. 7 (2011). http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/7/911.full.
“Polio and Prevention.” The Global Polio Eradication Initiative. http://www.polioeradication.org/polioandprevention.aspx.
“Polio: What You Need to Know.” myDr website. January 12, 2011. http://www.mydr.com.au/kids-teens-health/polio-what-you-need-to-know.
“Poliomyelitis.” Fact Sheet No. 114. World Health Organization. October 2015. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/.
Prabhu, Amar. “How Much Money Did Jonas Salk Potentially Forfeit by Not Patenting the Polio Vaccine?” Forbes, August 9, 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2012/08/09/how-much-money-did-jonas-salk-potentially-forfeit-by-not-patenting-the-polio-vaccine/#1e35e3941c2d.
Stolberg, Sheryl. “Jonas Salk, Whose Vaccine Conquered Polio, Dies at 80.” Los Angeles Times, June 24, 1995. http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-24/news/mn-16682_1_first-polio-vaccine.
Thompson, Dennis. “The Salk Polio Vaccine: Greatest Public Health Experiment in History.” CBS News, December 2, 2014. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-salk-polio-vaccine-greatest-public-health-experiment-in-history/.
Wilson, Daniel J. Living with Polio: The Epidemic and Its Survivors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Epilogue
Aikman, David. Billy Graham: His Life and Influence. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2007.
Buckley, William F., Jr. “Crucial Steps in Combating the Aids Epidemic; Identify All the Carriers.” New York Times, op-ed, March 18, 1986. https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/07/16/specials/buckley-aids.html.
“Catholics, Condoms and AIDS.” New York Times, October 20, 1989. http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/20/opinion/catholics-condoms-and-aids.html.
“Huckabee Wanted AIDS Patients Isolated.” Los Angeles Times, December 9, 2007. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/dec/09/nation/na-huckabee9.
Martin, William. With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America. New York: Broadway Books, 1996.
“Mike Huckabee Advocated Isolation of AIDS Patients in 1992 Senate Race.” Fox News. December 8, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/12/08/mike-huckabee-advocated-isolation-aids-patients-in-12-senate-race.html.
Morrison, John. Mathilde Krim and the Story of AIDS. New York: Chelsea House, 2004. Kindle edition. Excerpt. https://books.google.com/books?id=K-ZU35x2JaoC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=How+much+did+government+spend+investigating+tylenol&source=bl&ots=MYVv0GgLiT&sig=aGgVsBpQN6ItG971z4EFlEjqaQ8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBlLmwxrTMAhVDdj4KHQFKB00Q6AEILDAC#v=onepage&q=How%20much%20did%20government%20spend%20investigating%20tylenol&f=false.
Plante, Hank. “Reagan’s Legacy.” HIV Info—Hot Topics—from the Experts. San Francisco AIDS Foundation. 2011. http://sfaf.org/hiv-info/hot-topics/from-the-experts/2011-02-reagans-legacy.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/.
Reagan, Ronald. “The President’s News Conference—September 17, 1985.” https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/speeches/1985/91785c.htm.
Shoard, Catherine. “Elizabeth Taylor ‘Worth up to 1Bn’ at Time of Death.” Guardian, March 29, 2011. http://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/mar/29/elizabeth-taylor-worth-1bn-death.
Stern, Mark Joseph. “Listen to Reagan’s Press Secretary Laugh About Gay People Dying of AIDS.” Slate, December 1, 2015. http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2015/12/01/reagan_press_secretary_laughs_about_gay_people_dying_of_aids.html.
Zweig, Stefan. The World of Yesterday. Lexington, MA: Plunkett Lake Press, 2011.
Acknowledgments
Writing the acknowledgments section in the book is one of the hardest parts for me, because pretty much everyone who has ever given me confidence was indispensible in writing this book. So, this book is for most everyone, but especially …
For Nicole Tourtelot, my wonderful agent. Without you I don’t know where I would be, but, best-case scenario, probably writing lists about cats on the Internet. Thank you for saving me from that.
For Allison Adler, my brilliant first editor, who guided me through this process with so much kindness.
For Caroline Zancan, my second editor, who has fielded endless questions about this book.
Thanks to Kerry Cullen, an amazing editor who has patiently listened to me nit-pick over endless details.
For the people at Macmillan—it is still bizarre to me that there is a business model in letting me sit around and learn stuff and then tell stories about the stuff I learned, but I hope it is working out really well. It definitely is for me.
For Iris Smyles, who suggested the Dancing Plague and Encephalitis Lethargica. Thank you, and everyone should buy your book, Dating Tips for the Unemployed.
For Seth Porges, an endless font of ideas.
For The Hell’s Belles, for making me laugh, always.
For Neesha Arter and Timothy Kuratek, for the photos and friendship.
For the women of Article Club, for giving me a space to yell about ideas.
For Lia Boyle, who patiently helped me understand the science behind these diseases.
For Sarah Maslin Nir, who had been a godmother to all my books.
For Peter Feld, who helped me get my first job when I came to New York.
For Chris Busch, who probably believed I was going to write a book before anyone.
For Dad, who, through endless childhood readings of Dave Barry and Mel Brooks viewings, taught me that you can make jokes about just about anything.
For Mom, who formatted the endnotes. Greater love hath no woman.
For Daniel, the ideal first reader, and the ideal mate. Every day I wonder how I got so lucky.
For Elizabeth Bielawska, a woman of incredible dignity. Daniel and I would be lost without your help.
For the Richard Family, who is handling death with such grace.
And for Sarah Richard: Beyond this place, there be dragons. I hope you’re keeping them company until we join you.
Illustration Credits
All public domain except:
Column of Marcus Aurelius, Carole Raddato, Licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Free clipart, Last Word Larry, http://worldartsme.com/”>WorldArtsMe
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Anthony92931, Licensed under CC BY SA-3.0.
Wellcome Images, Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Wellcome Images, Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
flickr.com/photos/phyrephox, Licensed under CC BY SA-2.0.
Michael Billington, Licensed under CC BY SA-3.0.
flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago, Licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Otis Historical Archives of “National Museum of Health & Medicine” (OTIS Archive 1), Licensed under CC BY 2.0.
WC585 1908R53d, “The Diagnosis of Smallpox,” Ricketts, T. F, Casell and Company, 1908 Plate XXIV, Small child with smallpox showing an exceptional case because the trunk almost entirely escaped the invasion of smallpox, Licensed under CC by 4.0.
St Bartholomew’s Hospital Archives & Museum, Wellcome Images, Licensed under CC by 4.0.
Wellcome Library, London, Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
The Bonkers Institute for Nearly Genuine Research, www.bonkersinstitute.org, Licensed under CC BY 3.0.
ALSO BY JENNIFER WRIGHT
It Ended Badly
About the Author
JENNIFER WRIGHT is the author of It Ended Badly: Thirteen of the Worst Breakups in History. She has written for numerous publications, including McSweeney’s, The New York Observer, Salon, Cosmopolitan, Glamour, Popular Mechanics, Maxim, The New York Post, and more. She lives in New York City with her fiancé, who is pretty sure she has a cold and not the bubonic plague. You can sign up for email updates here.
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Contents
Title Page
Copyright Notice
Dedication
Epigraphs
Only YOU can prevent plague …
Read This Book
Introduction
Elect Sane, Calm Leaders
Antonine Plague
Frogs Don’t Save Lives; Reading History Books Does
Bubonic Plague
Try Being Nice Instead of Burning People as Witches
Dancing Plague
Spread the Word That Vaccines Are the Best
Smallpox
STD Shaming Leads to STD Spreading
Syphilis
Never Glamorize Ill Health
Tuberculosis
If You Want to Demonstrate Conventional Wisdom Is Wrong, Be Ready to Prove Your Theory Thoroughly
Cholera
Know That One Good Person Can Make a Difference and That You Can Be That Person
Leprosy
If You Are Diseased, Don’t Deliberately Infect Other People
Typhoid
Censorship Kills
Spanish Flu
Keep Track of Medical Advances Because They Are Happening Faster than Ever
Encephalitis Lethargica
Don’t Listen to Fast-Talking Charlatans with Few Medical Credentials
Lobotomies
Understand That When Communities, Leaders, and Scientists Work Together, We Can Save the World
Polio
Learn from the Past
Epilogue
Notes
Sources
Acknowledgments
Illustration Credits
Also by Jennifer Wright
About the Author
Copyright
Henry Holt and Company
Publishers since 1866
175 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10010
Get Well Soon Page 32