A History of South Africa

by Leonard Thompson

  136. Chris McGreal, “Mbeki Admits He Is Still Aids Dissident Six Years On,” Guardian, Nov. 5, 2007, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/nov/06/southafrica.aids.

  137. “A History of Official Government HIV/AIDS Policy in South Africa,” South African History Online, http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-official-government-hivaids-policy-south-africa.

  138. “Manto Tshabalala-Msimang dies,” Mail and Guardian, Dec. 16, 2009, http://mg.co.za/article/2009-12-16-manto-tshabalalamsimang-dies.

  139. “South Africa Aids Policy Attacked,” BBC News, Aug. 19, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5265432.stm.

  140. “Highly Qualified Doctor Who Ravaged South Africa’s Health Service,” Sydney Morning Herald, Jan. 13, 2010, http://www.smh.com.au/national/obituaries/highly-qualified-doctor-who-ravaged-south-africas-health-services-20100112-m4qm.html.

  141. “Kader Asmal Vows to Fight Illiteracy,” Star (Johannesburg), Feb. 14, 2000, in This Week in South Africa, Feb. 1–14, 2000.

  142. “South African Pupils Are the Dunces of Africa,” Sunday Times (Johannesburg), July 16, 2000, www.suntimes.co.za.

  143. “Universities Face Major Revamp,” Sunday Times (Johannesburg), July 9, 2000, July 9, 2000, www.suntimes.co.za.

  144. “Pandor: Education Department Budget Vote 2007/08,” polity.org.za, May 9, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5265432.stm.

  145. South African Institute of Race Relations, Education, sairr.org.za, http://sairr.org.za/services/publications/south-africa-survey/south-africa-survey-online-2009–2010/education.

  146. OECD, Reviews of National Policies for Education: South Africa 2008 (2008).

  147. “Gauteng Hospitals Rocked by Protests,” Independent Newspapers, July 4, 2000, www.iol.co.za; “Pilot’s Scam: Omar Was Told,” Sunday Times (Johannesburg), July 4, 2000, www.suntimes.co.za.

  148. Helen Epstein, “The Mystery of AIDS in South Arica,” New York Review of Books, July 20, 2000, 51.

  149. South African Police Service, Department of Police, Crime Statistics: Overview Republic of South Africa, 2003/2004, September 2004, www.saps.gov.za.

  150. Charlene Smith, “Rape Has Become a Way of Life in South Africa,” iolnews, Sept. 25, 2004, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/rape-has-become-a-way-of-life-in-south-africa-1.222663#.UZPUMLWmhzQ.

  151. Angela Quintal, “Mbeki Attacks Writers for Their Crime Reports,” iolnews, Dec. 3, 2004, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/mbeki-attacks-writers-for-their-crime-reports-1.223189#.UZPU_bWmhzQ.

  152. “South Africa Rejects African Peer Review Mechanism Report,” Africa Files, 2007, http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=15042.

  153. Chris McGreal, “Report Attacks S African Crime and Corruption,” Guardian, Jan. 28, 2007, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jan/29/southafrica.chrismcgreal.

  154. “Crime in South Africa—An Unassailable Problem?” WorldNomads .com, Feb. 12, 2007, http://journals.worldnomads.com/safetyhub/post/3282.aspx.

  155. “Mbeki Critical of Crime Issues in APRM Report,” Mail and Guardian, Dec. 6, 2007, www.mg.co.za.

  156. “Special Report: Xenophobia” (2008), Mail and Guardian, www.mg.co.za.

  157. Tererai Karimakwenda, “South Africa: Mbeki Blamed after 20 More Die in Xenophobic Attacks,” allAfrica, May 19, 2008, http://allafrica.com/stories/2008 05191523.html and http://journals.worldnomads.com/safetyhub/post/3282.aspx.

  158. Pierre de Vos, “Does Mbeki Think Corruption Is a Problem or Not?” Constitutionally Speaking, Dec. 8, 2006, http://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za/does-mbeki-think-corruption-is-a-problem-or-not/.

  159. Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, at the Opening Ceremony of the United Nations Global Forum on Fighting Corruption and Safeguarding Integrity, Sandton Convention Centre, April 2, 2007, http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/speeches/2007/mbek0402.htm.

  160. Republic of South Africa, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Newly-elected President Kgalema Motlanthe Addresses the National Assembly, Sept. 25, 2008, http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/speeches/2008/motl0926.html.

  161. Claire Suddath, “South Africa’s AIDS Truthsayer,” Time, Oct. 15, 2008, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1850886,00.html.

  162. Celia W. Dugger, “Study Cites Toll of AIDS Policy in South Africa,” New York Times, Nov. 25, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/world/africa/26aids.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0&em.

  163. “The Time 100,” Time, June 1, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1899834,00.html.

  164. Ray Hartley, “Ginwala Commission Report—Conclusions and Recommendations—Full Text,” TimesLive, Dec. 8, 2008, http://blogs.timeslive.co.za/hartley/2008/12/08/ginwala-commission-report-conclusions-and-recommendations-full-text/.

  165. Stephen Grootes, “What’s Next for Motlanthe?” BDlive, Dec. 19, 2012, http://www.bdlive.co.za/blogs/politics/2012/12/19/what-next-for-motlanthe.

  166. Agence France Presse, “S. Africa Denies Dalai Lama Visa over World Cup Worries,” Mar. 29, 2009, http://www.zimbio.com/Dalai+Lama/articles/654/Africa+denies+Dalai+Lama+visa+over+World+Cup.

  167. Associated Press, “S. Africa Bars Dalai Lama from Peace Forum,” Mar. 23, 2009, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29841454/ns/world_news-africa/t/s-africa-bars-dalai-lama-peace-forum/#.UZWCuLWmhzQ.

  168. “Lekota ‘Serves Divorce Papers’ on ANC,” iolnews, Oct. 8, 2008, http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/lekota-serves-divorce-papers-on-anc-1.419380#.UZPO4rWmhzQ.

  169. Ray Hartley, “Mosiuoa Lekota Announces Challenge to Zuma’s ANC: Transcript,” TimesLive, Oct. 8, 2008, http://blogs.timeslive.co.za/hartley/2008/10/08/mosiuoa-lekota-announces-challenge-to-zumas-anc-transcript/.

  170. “‘Shikota’ Convention Oversubscribed,” iolnews, Nov. 1, 2008, http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/shikota-convention-oversubscribed-1.422704#.UZd7ebWmhzQ.

  171. Clare Byrne, “Analysis: Can South Africa’s ANC COPE with real opposition?” m&c, Dec. 16, 2008, http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/news/article_1448752.php/ANALYSIS_Can_South_Africa_s_ANC_COPE_with_real_opposition.

  172. Congress of the People, “Official Constitution of the COPE,” http://www.copesa.org.za/index.php/official-constitution-of-the-congress-of-the-people.

  173. “ANC Breakaway Scores Poll Upset,” BBC News, Dec. 11, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7777998.stm.

  174. Election Resources on the Internet: Republic of South Africa General Election Results Lookup, Apr. 22, 2009, General Election Results—Republic of South Africa Total: National Assembly, http://electionresources.org/za/provinces.php?election=2009.

  175. “South Africa’s Election Triumph,” SouthAfrica.info, Apr. 28, 2009, http://www.southafrica.info/about/democracy/election-winner.htm#.UZWDkrWmhzQ.

  176. SAPA, “National Assembly Elects Zuma as President,” polity.org.za, May 6, 2009, http://electionresources.org/za/provinces.php?election=2009.

  177. Republic of South Africa, South African Government News Agency, Address by His Excellency Mr. Jacob Zuma on the Occasion of his Inauguration as Fourth President of the Republic of South Africa, Union Buildings, Pretoria, May 9, 2009, http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/full-text-president-zumas-inaugural-address.

  178. IFEX, “Amendment Act a ‘Grave Intrusion’ on Freedom of Expression, says FXI,” Sept. 9, 2009, http://www.ifex.org/south_africa/2009/09/09/films_and_publications_amendment_act/.

  179. Republic of South Africa, Government Gazette, Vol. 530, No. 32534, Aug. 28, 2009, Act No. 3 of 2009, Films and Publications Amendment Act, 2009, http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/WPFD2009/pdf/Films%20and%20Publications%20Act%202009.pdf.

  180. Mandy de Waal, “The New Age Launches; Underestimate It at Your Peril,” Daily Maverick, July 23, 2010, http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2010-07-23-the-new-age-launches-underestimate-it-at-your-peril#.UZnIcrWmhzQ.

  181. “South Africa: City Press Publishes Maharaj Interview with Scorpions,” Africa—News and Analysis, Nov. 28, 2011, http://africajournalismtheworld.com/2
011/11/28/south-africa-city-press-publishes-maharaj-interview-with-scorpions/.

  182. Stephen Grootes, “Analysis: Zuma v. Zapiro Is Possibly Much More Than Just Another Court Case,” Daily Maverick, Dec. 15, 2010, http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2010-12-15-analysis-zuma-vs-zapiro-is-possibly-much-more-than-just-another-court-case#.UZH5rWmhzQ.

  183. “Zapiro and Zuma,” June 13, 2011, http://whatishappeninginsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2011/06/zapiro-and-zuma.html.

  184. “Goodman Gallery Removes Brett Murray’s Painting of Jacob Zuma with His Private Parts Hanging Out,” OleAfrica, no date, http://oleafrica.com/politics/goodman-gallery-removes-brett-murrays-painting-of-jacob-zuma-with-his-private-parts-hanging-out/4511.

  185. Mioranda Andrew and Jenni Evans, “Cartoon Is a Serious Commentary: Zapiro,” Post, July 6, 2012, http://www.thepost.co.za/cartoon-is-a-serious-commentary-zapiro-1.1336084#.UZRq-rWmhzQ.

  186. Republic of South Africa, Minister of State Security, Protection of Information Bill, B6-2010, http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=118894.

  187. David Smith, “Proposed South African Secrecy Laws Widely Condemned,” Guardian, Mar. 30, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/30/south-africa-secrecy-laws-condemned.

  188. “Excerpts from a Speech Delivered by Luwellyn Landers, MP During the Debate in the National Assembly: Protection of State Information Bill on Wednesday, Nov. 16, 2011,” Politicsweb, Nov. 16, 2011, http://www.politicsweb .co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71619?oid=267171&sn=Marketing web+detail.

  189. “South Africa MPs Pass Controversial ‘Secrecy Bill,’” BBC News Africa, Nov. 22, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15822105.

  190. Andisiwe Makinana, “Secrecy Bill Could Be Made Law by June,” Mail and Guardian, Feb. 26, 2013, http://mg.co.za/article/2013-02-26-secrecy-bill-could-become-law-by-june/.

  191. “Outrage as Secrecy Bill Is Passed,” Legalbrief Africa, No. 52, Apr. 30, 2013, http://www.legalbrief.co.za/article.php?story=2013043011404331.

  192. Sarah Evans, “MPs Acting Oddly? They Could Be Reading the Secrecy Bill,” Mail and Guardian, May 5, 2013, http://mg.co.za/article/2013-05-05-mps-acting-oddly-they-could-be-reading-the-secrecy-bill.

  193. Reporters Without Borders, World Press Freedom Index 2013, http://fr.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/classement_2013_gb-bd.pdf.

  194. Delia Robertson, “South Africa’s African National Congress Celebrates 100th Anniversary,” Voice of America, Jan. 7, 2012, http://www.voanews.com/content/safricas-anc-celebrates-100th-anniversary-136901858/150444.html.

  195. Ray Hartley, “Kgalema Motlanthe on ‘the Sins’ of Incumbency,” Times Live, Oct. 13, 2009, http://blogs.timeslive.co.za/hartley/2009/10/13/kgalema-motlanthe-on-the-sins-of-incumbency/.

  196. J. Brooks Spector, “The Agonies of Choice: Kgalema Motlanthe Contemplates the Future,” Daily Maverick, Dec. 3, 2012, http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-12-03-the-agonies-of-choice-kgalema-motlanthe-contemplates-the-future#.UZR1YrWmhzQ.

  197. “Motlanthe Criticizes ANC Election Process,” Sowetan Live, Dec. 3, 2012, http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2012/12/03/motlanthe-criticises-anc-election-process.

  198. Agence France Presse, “Ramaphosa Tapped as South Africa’s New Leader,” News24, Dec. 20, 2012, http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Ramaphosa-tapped-as-SAs-new-leader-20121220.

  199. Ranjeni Manusamy, “Mangaung Massacre and the Rise of the New ANC,” Daily Maverick, Dec. 21, 2012, http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012–12–21-mangaung-massacre-and-the-rise-of-the-new-anc#.UYu7frWmhzQ.

  200. African National Congress, “Statement of NEC Meeting on 15–17 March 2013,” http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=10133.

  201. ANC Kwazulu-Natal, “Address by President JG Zuma to KZN Provincial General Council University of KZN Durban Westville,” Mar. 25, 2013, http://www.anckzn.org.za/media/speeches/address-president-jg-zuma-kzn-provincial-general-council-university-kzn-durban-westvi.

  202. Robyn Dixon, “Power Struggle Paralyzes South Africa’s Ruling ANC Party,” Los Angeles Times, Dec. 2, 2012, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/02/world/la-fg-south-africa-zuma-20121203.

  203. Ibid.

  204. Bianca Capazorio, “Cost of Nkandla Renovations Rises,” iolnews, March 23, 2013, http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/cost-of-nkandla-renovations-rises-1.1490601#.UZZMtrWmhzQ.

  205. amaBhungane, “The Nkandla Files,” amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism, July 5, 2013, http://amabhungane.co.za/article/2013-07-05-the-nkandla-files.

  206. Craig McKune, “Project Railroaded from the Start,” amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism, July 5, 2013, http://www.amabhungane.co.za/article/2013-07-05-project-railroaded-from-the-start.

  207. Phillip de Wet and Sam Sole, “Guptagate: Why Waterkloof Report Won’t Fly,” Mail and Guardian, May 24, 2013, http://mg.co.za/article/2013-05-24-00-guptagate-why-waterkloof-report-wont-fly.

  208. “You Don’t Understand Democracy, Zuma Told,” News24, Sept. 14, 2012, http://www.iol.co.za/business/business-news/gordhan-corruption-a-social-problem-1.1506499#.UXptmrWmhzQ.

  209. Siyabonga Mkhwanazi, “‘ANC to Rule Until Jesus Comes Back,’” iolnews, May 5, 2008, http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/anc-to-rule-until-jesus-comes-back-1.398843#.UZnhm7WmhzQ.

  210. “Zuma to Name New Chief Justice,” Times Live, Oct. 1, 2009, www.timeslive.co.za/news.

  211. SAPA, “Sandile Ngcobo Appointed Chief Justice,” Polity.org.za, Oct. 1, 2009, http://www.polity.org.za/article/ngcobo-is-the-new-chief-justice-2009-10-01.

  212. “The Decision by President Jacob Zuma to Extend the Term of South Africa’s Top Judge Is Being Challenged in Court, a Legal Body and an NGO Said on Wednesday,” Reuters, Oct. 1, 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/15/ozatp-safrica-judiciary-idAFJOE75E08D20110615.

  213. “Ngcobo Withdraws Term Extension,” Polity.org.za, July 27, 2011, http://www.polity.org.za/article/ngcobo-withdraws-term-extension-2011-07-27.

  214. Robyn Dixon, “South Africa’s Zuma Names Controversial New Chief Justice,” Los Angeles Times, Sept. 9, 2011, http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/09/world/la-fg-south-africa-jurist-20110909.

  215. Richard Lee, “Stop Mogoeng from Being SA Chief Justice,” Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, Sept. 2, 2011, http://www.osisa.org/law/south-africa/stop-mogoeng-being-sa-chief-justice.

  216. Pierre de Vos, “Full Sowetan Interview with Gwede Mantashe,” Constitutionally Speaking, Aug. 18, 2011, http://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za/full-sowetan-interview-with-gwede-mantashe/.

  217. Address by President Jacob Zuma on the Occasion of Bidding Farewell to Former Chief Justice Sandile Ngcobo, and Welcoming Chief Justice, Mogoeng Mogoeng, National Assembly, Cape Town, Nov. 1, 2011, www.anc.org.za.

  218. President Jacob Zuma, Address on the Occasion of the 3rd Access to Justice Conference, Pretoria, July 8, 2011, www.info.gov.za.

  219. Democratic Governance and Rights Unit, University of Cape Town, “Time to Break the Glass Ceiling,” Oct. 15, 2012, www.dgru.uct.za.

  220. Fatima Schroeder and Bianca Capazorio, “JSC Faces Crisis over Transformation,” iolnews, Apr. 13, 2013.

  221. “CLC Kicks off Amidst South Africa’s Transformation Row,” This Day Live, Apr. 23, 2013, http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/clc-kicks-off-amidst-south-africa-s-transformation-row/145705/.

  222. Freedom Under Law v. The Judicial Service Commission and Others, Applicant’s Submission, Case 052/2010, http://www.freedomunderlaw.org/wp-content/files/FUL_v_JSC_-_Appellants_heads_of_argument_in_the_SCA.pdf.

  223. Denise Williams, “Zuma Wants ‘African’ Justice,” Times Live, Nov. 2, 2012, http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2012/11/02/zuma-wants-african-justice.

  224. Dixon, “Power Struggle Paralyzes South Africa’s Ruling ANC Party.”

  225. Bradley Dubbelman, “South Africa: Post-election Report, “Polity.org.za, Oct. 12, 2009, http://www.polity.org.za/article/south-africa-postelection-report-2009-10-12.

  226. Newsguy, “DA and ID Unite Aga
inst ANC,” The Right Perspective, Aug. 15, 2010, http://www.therightperspective.org/2010/08/15/da-and-id-unite-against-anc/#sthash.jDVyk9jK.dpbs.

  227. Marianne Merten, “Mbeki Slates ANC’s Lack of Leadership,” iolnews, Oct. 21, 2012, http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/mbeki-slates-anc-s-lack-of-leadership-1.1407509#.UYuhO7WmhzQ.

  228. State of the Nation Address by His Excellency Jacob Zuma, President of the Republic of South Africa on the Occasion of the Joint Sitting of Parliament in Cape Town, Feb. 14, 2013, http://www.info.gov.za/speech/DynamicAction?pageid=461&sid=34250&tid=98676.

  229. Liesl Peyper, “Opposition Parties Reject President Zuma’s State of Nation Address,” finweek, Feb. 15, 2013, http://finweek.com/2013/02/15/opposition-parties-reject-president-zumas-state-of-the-nation-address/.

  230. Caiphus Kgosana, “United Opposition ‘Bad for Democracy’: Zuma,” TimesLive, Feb. 22, 2013, http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2013/02/22/united-opposition-bad-for-democracy-zuma.

  231. Faranaaz Parker, “Ramphele: Join Agang to Build the Country of Our Dreams,” Mail and Guardian, Feb. 18, 2013, http://mg.co.za/article/2013-02-18-ramphele-join-agang-to-build-the-country-of-our-dreams.

  232. Sipho Masondo, “Ramphele’s Agang Worries ANC,” City Press, Feb. 18, 2013, http://www.citypress.co.za/politics/rampheles-agang-worries-anc/.

  233. “Malema: It’s an EFF Revolution,” SAPA, News24, July 11, 2013, http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Malema-Its-an-EFF-revolution-20130711.

  234. “Sudanese President to Skip Zuma’s Inauguration,” The Free Library, May 9, 2009, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sudanese+president+to+skip+Zuma%27s+inauguration.-a0199435046; “Sudan’s Kiir Witnesses South Africa’s Zuma Inauguration,” The Free Library, May 9, 2009, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sudan%27s+Kiir+witnesses+South+Africa%27s+Zuma+inauguration.-a0199480220.

  235. “SA: Department Foreign Affairs Renamed, Restructured,” AllAfrica, May 10, 2009, http://allafrica.com/stories/200905100043.html.

  236. Proceedings of the Seventeenth African Union Summit, www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/17th%20_SUMMIT_-_DECISIONS_DECLARATIONS_and_RESOLUTIONS_-_eng%20FINAL.pdf.