Shadow over the Atlantic

Shadow over the Atlantic Page 35

by Robert Forsyth

  3Schmidt 1990, p. 128.

  4Wadman, Vol. I, 2007, p. 29.

  5Wadman et al. 1997, p. 13.

  6Kay 2004, p. 176, and Filley, Brian, Junkers Ju 88 in Action, Part 1, Squadron/Signal Publications, Carrolton, 1988, p. 47.

  7Wadman, Vol. II, 2007, p. 21; and The Luftwaffe, 1933–45 [website], , accessed November 2016.

  8Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries.

  9Ibid.

  10Schmidt 1990, p. 2, 129; and Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries.

  11Information via Mikael Olrog.

  12The Luftwaffe, 1933–45 [website], , accessed November 2016; and Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries.

  13Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries.

  14Schmidt 1990, p. 9.

  CHAPTER FOUR

  1UK National Archives, AIR 51/223, and Luftwaffe Airfields 1935–1945 by Henry L. deZeng IV [website], , accessed November 2016.

  2Schmidt 1990, p. 6; and Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RL 10/366.

  3Schmidt 1990, p. 10.

  4Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 181.

  5Schmidt 1990, p. 9.

  6Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 180, 230.

  7Ibid., p. 240.

  8UK National Archives, AIR 20/7705.

  9Schmidt 1990, p. 9, 11.

  10Schmidt 1990, p. 8, 9, 12; and Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries.

  11Neitzel, Sönke, Der Einsatz der deutschen Luftwaffe über dem Atlantik und der Nordsee 1939–1945, Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn, 1995, p. 191.

  12Schmidt 1990, p. 12; Carlsen, Sven and Meyer, Michael, Die Flugzeugführer-Ausbildung der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1935–1945, Vol. II: Fliegerwaffenschulen und Ergänzungsgruppen, VDM Heinz Nickel Verlag, Zweibrücken, 2000, p. 512; ADI(K) No. 249/1944; Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RL 10/366.

  13Schmidt 1990, p. 12.

  14Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 240.

  15Ibid., p. 182.

  16Schmidt 1990, p. 13.

  17Ibid.

  18Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 240.

  19Schmidt 1990, Anlage 4, ‘Verlegungsbericht’, p. 111.

  CHAPTER FIVE

  1War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Part A, October 1943, Volume 50, 30.10.43, available at Archive.org [website], , accessed November 2016. Hereafter referred to as War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 50.

  2Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 41.

  3UK National Archives, HW 13/37.

  4Blair 1999, pp. 429–30.

  5Poolman, Kenneth, Focke-Wulf Condor: Scourge of the Atlantic, Macdonald and Janes, London, 1978, p. 177; and UK National Archives, HW 13/37.

  6War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Part A, October 1943, Volume 50, 30.10.43.

  7War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Part A, November 1943, Volume 51, 9.11.43, available at Archive.org [website], , accessed November 2016. Hereafter referred to as War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 51.

  8Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 36.

  9Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 50.

  10Blair 1999, p. 439.

  11Terraine 1989, p. 641.

  12ADI(K) Report No. 249/1944.

  13UK National Archives AIR 51/216 and AIR 22/80.

  14Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 181.

  15UK National Archives AIR 20/7700.

  16Flugzeugbestand und Bewegungsmeldungen II./KG 40 [website], , accessed November 2016. Data is for November 1943.

  17Ibid.

  18Flugzeugbestand und Bewegungsmeldungen 1./SAGr.129 [website], , accessed November 2016.

  19Flugzeugbestand und Bewegungsmeldungen I./ZG1 [website], , accessed November 2016; and Goss, Chris, Bloody Biscay: The History of V.Gruppe/Kampfgeschwader 40, Crecy Publishing, 1997, p. 12.

  20Flugzeugbestand und Bewegungsmeldungen 3.(F)/Aufklärungsgruppe 123 [website], , accessed November 2016.

  21Flugzeugbestand und Bewegungsmeldungen 1./SAGr.128 [website], , accessed November 2016.

  22Neitzel 1995, p. 175.

  23ADI(K) Report No. 249/1944.

  24‘Fliegerführer Atlantik’: (G 351154/EFT/11/52/60): Allied translation of a 1943 German document (via Goss).

  25Hinsley, F.H., Thomas, E.S., Ransom, C.F.G. and Knight, R.C., British Intelligence in the Second World War, Vol. III, Part 1, HMSO, London, 1984, p. 227.

  26UK National Archives, HW 13/37.

  27ZIP/ZTPGU/19196, 13.11.43. (via Beale).

  28Schmidt 1990, p. 107.

  29Ibid., p. 15.

  30Rohwer, Prof. Dr. Jürgen, and Hümmelchen, Gerhard, Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–1945 [website] – Zeittafel, November 1943, Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart 2007 , accessed November 2016, hereafter referred to as Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–45; and Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 36.

  31Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 38.

  32Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 50.

  33UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.992, 17.11.43; and War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 51, 15.11.43.

  34Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–1945 – Zeittafel, November 1943.

  35Poolman, Kenneth, Escort Carrier 1941–1945, Ian Allan, Shepperton, 1972, p. 107 and Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 50.

  36UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.992, 17.11.43.

  37Schmidt 1990, p. 15.

  38UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.993, 18.11.43.

  39UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.994, 19.11.43.

  40Blair 1999, p. 448.

  41Cremer, in Blair 1999, p. 449.

  42Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 50.

  43Blair 1999, p. 448.

  44UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.995, 20.11.43.

  45Blair 1999, p. 448.

  46Ibid., p. 449.

  47UK National Archives, HW 13/37.11: Zip No.995, 20.11.43.

  48Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon, RAF Bombers Part 2, Jane’s Publishing Co., London, 1981, pp. 66–67; and Mallmann Showell 2013, p. 166.

  49Blair 1999, p. 449.

  50Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 39.

  51Heiber, Helmut and Glantz, David, (Eds.), Hitler and his Generals: Military Conferences 1942–1945, Greenhill Books, London 2002, p. 300.

  52UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.996, 21.11.43.

  53Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 51; and Blair 1999, p. 450.

  54Blair 1999, p. 449.

  55UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.997, 22.11.43.

  56Goss 1997, p. 128; Goss, Chris, ‘Wrong Place, Wrong Time’ (article draft kindly provided by Chris Goss); Lfl.Kdo 3 Eins.Nr.8493/43 & Nr.8500/43 (via Goss).

  57Goss, ‘Wrong Place, Wrong Time’ (article draft).

  58UK National Archives, AIR 50/66.

  59UK National Archives, AIR 27/1045; and Sharp, C. Martin and Bowyer, Michael J.F., Mosquito, Faber, London, 1971, p. 346.

  60Goss 1997, p. 128, 233.

  61Letter from Rodriguez to Lopez, June 1944 (via Juan Carlos Salgado Rodríguez).

  62Information from Juan Carlos Salgado Rodríguez.

  63Schmidt 1990, p. 16.

  64Roskill, Vol. III, p. 52.

  65Blair 1999, p. 450.

  66FdU/BdU War Log, 16–30 November 1943 (Kriegstagebücher [KTB] & Stehender Kriegsbefehl, Des Führers/Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote [FdU/BdU]), available at U-boat Archive [website], , accessed November 2016. Hereafter referred to as FdU/BdU War Diary.

  67Hessler 1989, Vol. III, pp. 40–41.

  68UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.998, 23.11.43.

  69SL/MKS Convoy Series [website], , accessed November 2016.

  70Smith,
J. Richard and Creek, Eddie J., Heinkel He 177 Greif: Heinkel’s Strategic Bomber, Classic Publications, Hersham, 2008, p. 112; and Bollinger, Martin J., Warriors and Wizards: The Development and Defeat of Radio-Controlled Glide-Bombs of the Third Reich, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 2010, p. 77.

  71Schmidt 1990, p. 16.

  72Roskill, Vol. III, p. 53.

  73Schmidt 1990, p. 6.

  74Ibid., p. 6, 107.

  75Neitzel, Sönke, ‘Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe Co-operation in the War against Britain, 1939–1945’, War in History, Vol. 10, Number 4, October 2003, pp. 168–69.

  76US War Department, Directory of German Radar Equipment, TM E 11-219, 20 April 1945.

  77Schmidt 1990, pp. 6–7.

  78Ibid., p. 17.

  79Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 182.

  80Schmidt 1990, p. 17; and Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 182, 243.

  81Schmidt 1990, p. 17; and Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 184, 243.

  82Schmidt 1990, p. 15.

  83OS and OS/KMS Convoy Series [website], , accessed November 2016.

  84UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.999, 24.11.43.

  85U-boat.net [website], , accessed November 2016.

  86Roskill, Vol. III, p. 53.

  87UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1000, 25.11.43; and Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 40.

  88UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1003, 26.11.43.

  89Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 40.

  90Hinsley 1984, p. 227.

  91Poolman 1972, p. 108; Blair 1999, p. 452; and U-boat.net [website], , accessed November 2016.

  92UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1004, 29.11.43 and Zip No.1005, 30.11.43.

  93Blair 1999, p. 452.

  94Ibid., p. 442.

  95UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1010, 5.12.43.

  96War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Part A: December 1943, Volume 52, 2.12.43, available at Archive.org [website], , accessed November 2016. Hereafter referred to as War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 52.

  97UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1011, 6.12.43.

  98Blair 1999, p. 443.

  99UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1012, 7.12.43.

  100ONS Convoys [website], , accessed November 2016.

  101War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 52, 5.12.43.

  102SL/MKS Convoys [website], , accessed November 2016.

  103UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1017, 12.12.43.

  104War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 52, 11.12.43.

  105ONS Convoys [website], , accessed November 2016.

  106UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1019, 14.12.43.

  107War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 52, 12.12.43.

  108Ibid.; 13.12.43.

  109UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1020, 15.12.43.

  110UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1021, 16.12.43.

  111UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1022, 17.12.43.

  CHAPTER SIX

  1Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RL 10/366.

  2Goss, Chris, Sea Eagles, Vol. II: Luftwaffe Anti-Shipping Units 1942–45, Classic Publications, Hersham, 2006, p. 147, 153; and Pocock, Rowland F., German Guided Missiles, Ian Allan, London, 1967, pp. 29–32, 43–44.

  3Pocock 1967, pp. 36–42.

  4Bollinger 2010, p. 18.

  5Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RL 10/366.

  6Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 240.

  7Schmidt 1990, p. 107.

  8Ibid, pp. 107–109

  9UK National Archives, AIR 20/7705.

  10Kössler and Ott 1993, pp. 98–105.

  11Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RL 10/366.

  12Neitzel 1995, p. 185.

  CHAPTER SEVEN

  1U-boat.net [website], , accessed November 2016; and Blair 1999, p. 442.

  2Blair 1999, p. 443.

  3War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 52, 18.12.43.

  4Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 42.

  5Neitzel 1995, p. 179.

  6War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Part A: December 1943, Volume 52, 20.12.43.

  7Mallmann Showell 1990, p. 373.

  8Schmidt 1990, p. 18.

  9Nagel, Hellmut, Flugbuch September 1938–Juli 1959 (via Knirim).

  10War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 52, 21.12.43.

  11Schmidt 1990, p. 18.

  12Bollinger 2010, p. 85.

  13UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1030, 25.12.43.

  14Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv RL 10/366.

  15Schmidt 1990, p. 109.

  16Operation Bernau [website], , accessed November 2016.

  17War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 52, 27.12.43.

  18Schmidt 1990, p. 18.

  19Neitzel 1995, p. 180; and Operation Trave [website], , accessed November 2016.

  20War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Part A: December 1943, Volume 52, 26.12.43.

  21UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1033, 28.12.43.

  22Kössler and Ott, p. 186; and Schmidt 1990, p. 18.

  23Schmidt 1990, p. 18 and Anlage 5, ‘Herbert Littek, Feindflug: Suchen eines Geleitzuges u. Fühlungshalter’ p. 116.

  24UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1034, 29.12.43.

  25Roskill, Vol. III, p. 74.

  26Hinsley et al. 1984, p. 251.

  27Bollinger 2010, p. 87; and (‘half-hearted’) Roskill, Vol. III, p. 74; see also Smith and Creek, 2008, p. 113.

  28Blair 1999, p. 452.

  29SL/MKS Convoys [website], , accessed November 2016.

  30UK National Archives, HW 13/37: Zip No.1036, 31.12.43.

  31Blair 1999, p. 443.

  32Roskill, Vol. III, p. 54.

  33Blair 1999, p. 454.

  34Bennett and Bennett 2004, p. 178.

  CHAPTER EIGHT

  1Freeman, Roger, Mighty Eighth War Diary, Jane’s, London, 1981, p. 160.

  2War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Part A: January 1944, Volume 53, 6.1.44, available at Archive.org [website], , accessed November 2016. Hereafter referred to as War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53.

  3Nagel, Flugbuch, 7–8.1.44.

  4War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 6.1.44.

  5Ibid.

  6UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1044, 8.1.44.

  7War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 6.1.44.

  8Ibid., 7.1.44.

  9UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1046, 10.1.44.

  10SL and SL/MKS Convoy Series [website], , accessed November 2016.

  11Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 41.

  12UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1047, 11.1.44.

  13Neitzel 1995, p. 185; and Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 41.

  14War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 9.1.44.

  15Neitzel 1995, p. 185.

  16UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1048, 12.1.44.

  17FdU/BdU War Diary, 1–15 January 1944.

  18War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 10.1.44.

  19UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1049, 13.1.44.

  20Ibid.

  21FdU/BdU War Diary, 1–15 January 1944.

  22UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1050, 14.1.44.

  23Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 41.

  24Blair 1999, pp. 490–91.

  25Ibid., p
. 493.

  26Roskill, Vol. III, p. 248.

  27UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1055, undated, for activity on 17.1.44.

  28ON Convoys [website], , accessed November 2016.

  29Nagel, Flugbuch, 18.1.44.

  30UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1056, 18.1.44.

  31Nagel, Flugbuch, 18.1.44.

  32War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 18.1.44.

  33UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1057, 19.1.44.

  34Blair 1999, p. 493.

  35War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 20.1.44.

  36UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1058, 22.1.44.

  37Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 249.

  38War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 21.1.44.

  39UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1059, 23.1.44.

  40Clydebuilt Wartime Convoys [website], , site unavailable, November 2016.

  41UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1060, 24.1.44.

  42UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1061, 25.1.44.

  43UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1063, 27.1.44; and War Diary of the German Naval Staff Operations Division, Volume 53, 21.1.44.

  44UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1064, 28.1.44.

  45Hessler 1989, Vol. III, p. 43.

  46FdU/BdU War Diary, 16–31 January 1944.

  47Ibid.

  48Roskill 2004, Vol. III, p. 249.

  49Poolman 1972, p. 115.

  50FdU/BdU War Diary, 1–15 March 1944.

  51Nagel, Flugbuch, 28.1.44.

  CHAPTER NINE

  1Hooton, E.R., Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe, Arms and Armour Press, London, 1997, p. 61.

  2Schmidt 1990, pp. 18–19.

  3Nagel, Flugbuch, 1.2.44.

  4UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1073, 6.2.44.

  5Bollinger 2010, p. 117.

  6Schmidt 1990, Anlage 7, ‘Einsatzbericht des Mj. Josef Augustin – Staffelkpt. 1.FAG5’, pp. 119–20.

  7Kington and Selinger 2006, p. 175.

  8UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1074, 7.2.44.

  9UK National Archives, HW 13/38: Zip No.1076, 9.2.44.

  10Roskill 2004, Vol. III, Map 17; and Poolman 1972, p. 116.

  11Nagel, Flugbuch.

  12Trenkle, Fritz, Die deutschen Funk-Navigations- und Funk-Führungsverfahren bis 1945, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart, 1979, pp. 18–21; and Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 177.

  13Kössler and Ott 1993, p. 187.

 

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