by Clare Druce
The battery cage ban at last?
Council Directive 1999/74/EC Article 5, 2
Violet Spalding (page 267)
House of Commons First Report from the Agriculture Committee Session 1980-81 para 150
Enriched cages – a gaping loophole
1 Duncan and Hughes, 1972
2 FAWC Opinion on Osteoporosis and Bone Fractures in Laying Hens December 2010 para 60
3 Ibid para 45
4 Council Directive 1999/74/EC Chapter 111, 1c
5 FAWC information adapted from Workpackage 7.1, Laywel, 2006
6 Gentle, M., ‘Aetiology of food-related oral lesions in chickens’ Research in Veterinary Science March 1986, 40 (2) 219-224
7 Morris, Desmond, ‘Opinion´ Sunday Telegraph May 23rd 1982
8 www.ciwf.org.uk
9 The People May 27th 2012
10 Press Release from The Humane society of the United States, May 24th 2012 Senate Bill Introduced to Improve Housing for Egg-Laying Hens and Provide Stable Future for Egg Farmers
11 Davis, Karen, ‘Agreement Raises Flags for Egg-Laying Hens’ Poultry Press 22.1 (Spring-Summer 2012)
12 www.unitedegg.org
Outlawed in Europe
1 Peter Singer’s Preface to Outlawed in Europe – How America is Falling Behind Europe in Farm Animal Welfare Clare Druce and Philip Lymbery Archimedian Press, New York 2002. A project of Animal Rights International
2 Ibid back cover
3 The Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) Regulations 2007 Schedule 6, 1 (3)
MAFF to DEFRA
1 The Truffler: ‘MAFF is dead, long live DEFRA’ The Independent, June 16th 2001
The risks we take
1 Dr Mohammad Yousaf, Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. ‘Avian Influenza hits the industry again’, World Poultry, Vol 20, No 3, 2004
2 www.animalaid.org.uk
3 www.worldpoultry.net/news/avian-influenza-still-a-threat-says-who-7254.html 24th March 2010
Legislation for broilers
1 Report on the Welfare of Broiler Chickens Farm Animal Welfare Council, para 19, April 1992
2 http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/farm
A question of survival
1 www.TheLancet.com/series/health-and-climate-change
2 United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Rome, 2006
3 DEFRA statistic 2006
4 The Ecologist April 28th 2010
5 www.waterfootprint.org
6 Ehrlich, Paul, et al., Ecoscience: Population, Resources, Environment, San Francisco: Freeman, 1977, 315; Pimental et al., ‘Energy and Land Constraints in Food Protein Production’ Science, Issue 190
7 Scientists turn pig stem cells into test-tube pork Maria Ching www.statesman.com/news/world/scientists-turn-pig-cells-into-test-tubes-196959.html March 15th 2011
8 Ibid
9 www.quorn.co.uk
Straight talking
1 Farm Animal Welfare Council’s 2010 Opinion on Osteoporosis and Bone Fractures in Laying Hens para 3
2 Ibid para 4
3 Ibid para 5
4 Ibid para 7
5 Ibid para 11
6 Ibid
7 Ibid para 15
8 Ibid para 19
9 Ibid para 27
10 Ibid para 29
11 Ibid para 33
12 Ibid para 34
13 Ibid para 35
14 Ibid para 20
So where’s the progress, after all these years?
1 The Welfare of Animals (Slaughter and killing) Regulations 1995 No. 731
2 Letter to CL/FAWN from DEFRA’s Customer contact Unit, dated June 18th 2010
3 The Co-operative’s Animal Welfare Policy on Chickens and Eggs statement, in a letter to FAWN dated Novemer 12th 2000
4 www.hubbardbreeders.com
5 Duff, R.I. et al., ’Head Swelling of Traumatic Origin in Broiler Breeding Fowl’, Veterinary Record, August 5th 1989
6 Email to Jeremy Hall of Bernard Matthews from FAWN, dated December 6th 2010.
7 www.woodlandeggs.co.uk
8 www.woodlandtrust.org.uk
9 Email to CL/FAWN from Noble Foods dated November 1st 2010
10 www.goldenlay.co.uk
11 FAWC Report on the Welfare of Farmed Animals at Slaughter or Killing Part 2: White Meat Animals, 2009, para 118
12 www.animalaid.org.uk/h/n/CAMPAIGNS/slaughter/ALL
The Crown Prosecution Service
1 Animal Aid, Outrage Issue 167, Summer 2012
2 Ibid
3 Farmers Guardian August 9th 2011
4 CPS News Brief March 30th 2012
5 See Animal Aid www.animalaid.org.uk Timeline, 30th November 2011
Significant progress in legislation
1 Animal Welfare Act 2006, Chapter 45, 4, a-d
2 Ibid, 9, (2) a-e
3 Ibid (c)
Why necessary suffering?
1 QBD, 3 April 1985 (Stephen Brown LJ, Stocker J) (unreported). Source: Rook, Debbie, ‘The Legality of factory farming under UK law’, Journal of Animal Welfare Law June 2007
2 (1889) 23 QBD 203 Source as (1)
3 Source as (1)
4 Source as (1)
5 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:083:0047:0200:en:PDF
6 Article 13, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
7 http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/policy/index en.htm
8 Council Directive 98/58/EC of 20 July 1998 concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purposes. Official Journal L221, 08.08.1998 p. 0023-0027. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1998L0058:20030605:EN:PDF
9 Article 3 of Council Directive 98/58/EC (see 8)
10 Paragraph 7 of the Annex to Council Directive 98/58/EC (see 8)
Acknowledgements
With warm thanks to Bluemoose Books for offering to publish my book; for understanding that it’s about issues we ignore at our peril.
Thanks to my editor Lin Webb for her eagle-eyed work on the ms, and for her good company. Thanks to Kathryn Harrison too for her enthusiasm and careful proofing.
With thanks to Duncan who never once complained about Chickens’ Lib taking over family life. And to Alison and Emily, who as children willingly helped with the campaign and still live by its beliefs.
With thanks to Chickens’ Lib’s innumerable helpers, who ranged from students who spent a day in our office at mail-out time, to ‘regulars’ who helped us over the years. And to the hundreds of activists who so often spared time to make our demonstrations a success. We were hugely grateful to them all.
With thanks for the invaluable help of Irene Williams and Penny Perkins.
And thanks to Jüri Gabriel, whose good advice helped me greatly.
With thanks to Joyce D’Silva, Mark Gold, Philip Lymbery, Richard Ryder, Peter Singer, Peter Stevenson and Andrew Tyler: all of whom have been ready to offer encouragement to, and share information with, Chickens’ Lib. And to Richard Young for advice and for his tireless work within the Soil Association, exposing the dangers from the over-use of antibiotics. And many sincere apologies to all the great people I’ve somehow failed to list.
Thanks too to those honest scientists who willingly advised Chickens’ Lib. And to the Church of England bishops, the MPs, the MEPs and all the VIPs who supported our campaigns.
In fact a huge ‘thank you’ to everyone who supported Chickens’ Lib, here in the UK and worldwide. Without you, our campaign would have been nothing.
And finally a loving tribute to all the cruelly-treated farmed animals, observed or rescued by Chickens’ Lib, from whom we learned so much.
The paper represents the cage floor space for four hens.
Violet Spalding, Clare Druce, Vivienne Jenkins and Spike Milligan delivering petition
at 10 Downing Street.
© CIWF
The Provost of Wakefield Cathedral escor
ts Violet and Clare off the premises.
© Yorkshire Post
A male breeder turkey from a Chickens’ Lib leaflet.
© The Academic Press (Inc) London Ltd.
London demo in the Seventies.
Battery hens, photographed from under the cages.
© Bob Allen
Irene – a busy day in the Chickens’ Lib office.
Postcard showing bits and specs.
© League Against Cruel Sports
Live plucked ostriches in South Africa.
© First published in Animal Voice (South Africa)
in August 1997
Factory farmed ducks.
© Viva!
Three of the ‘Halifax Four’.
‘Grey Girl’ and recovered battery hens in Clare’s garden.
Hens in snow.