Native American resistance, 52–53, 55
Native Americans, 48, 49–59, 50–53, 55–58, 66, 269–70, 278, 279–85
wars, 306n13, 306n19
navy homeports. See U.S. Navy homeports
NAWSA. See National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Nesline, Michael, 255, 258
New Deal, 144, 146–55, 157–61
The New Masses, 100, 109, 174
New School for Social Research, 167, 170, 172, 329n13
news media, 14, 240–41, 250, 254, 261, 264, 266, 267
government/corporate manipulation, 299
hacks and hoaxes, 296–99
photography sources, 138
as publicists, 302
See also newsreels; New York Times
newspaper and magazine distribution. See distribution of newspapers and magazines
newsreels, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143
Newton, Huey P., 199, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209
New York Artists’ Union, 154, 157, 158–66, 328n4, 329n18
New York Art Strike Against War, Racism, and Repression. See Art Strike, 1970
New York City
AIDS activism, 253–60
American Artists’ Congress in, 167–71
antinuclear movement, 263–68
film and photography activism, 138–39, 141
galleries, 149
KKK in, 323N25
liberty poles, 19–20
NAACP in, 123, 123, 130
Okubo move to, 186
political trials, 106–8
protests, demonstrations, etc., 136, 138–39, 142, 158, 159–60, 159, 219, 254, 255, 257, 264
public interventions, 211–23, 291–92, 301–3
in Riis’s photography, 60–69
See also Grand Central Station, New York City; Greenwich Village, New York City; New School for Social Research; Paterson Silk Strike pageant; police: New York City
New York City Art Project, 160, 161
New York Times, 257, 264, 340n17
night work, 18, 30, 248, 257, 265, 309n21
of Riis, 62, 63, 68
Nineteenth Amendment, 118–19, 119
Nochlin, Linda, 319n22
No Movies (Asco), 339n21
non-blacks, lynching of, 122, 124
nonviolence, 282–83
nonviolent direct action, 189, 253, 254, 261, 264. See also boycotts; civil disobedience; sit-ins, office occupations, etc.
Noriega, Chon A., 250, 339n16
The North American Indian (Curtis), 50, 50, 51, 55
Northern Cheyenne people, 54–55, 55
NRA. See National Recovery Administration (NRA)
nuclear ship homeports, resistance to, 263–68
Nykino, 143
Oakland, California, 199–200, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209
Occoquan Workhouse, 116–18, 118
occupation of space (tactic), 19, 202, 247. See also sit-ins, office occupations, etc.
O’Connor, Francis V.: Art for the Millions, 326n10
O’Donnell, Edward T., 68
The Offering—San Ildefonso (Curtis), 50
Office of War Information (OWI), 154–55, 331n25
Okamoto, Kiyoshi, 183
Okubo, Miné, 176, 177–87, 330n9, 331n14, 331n24
Olds, Elizabeth, 167, 173, 173, 174
Oliver, Andrew, 18
Onondaga people, 7
Operation First Casualty (IVAW), 286, 287–92, 288, 289, 290, 292
“Operation Raw,” 343–44n6
Orear, Les, 80
Organization of Solidarity with the People of Asia, Africa, and Latin America (OSPAAAL), 205
Orgel, Sandy, 227, 227, 235, 236
Orozco, José Clement, 147, 167–68, 170–71
Ortiz, Ralph, 214
“outside agitators” (label), 91, 97
Pacanowski, Jennifer, 294
Padua, Mary, 274–75, 277
pageants, 113. See also mock beauty pageants; Paterson Silk Strike pageant, New York City, 1913
painting and paintings, 28, 28, 146, 162, 231, 335n1
in moving panoramas, 33, 35
of Native Americans, 53
removed during Art Strike, 217
slashing of, 112
WPA and, 150, 151, 155
See also Guernica (Picasso); murals; Supremacist Composition (Malevich)
Paley, William S., 222
Pankhurst, Emmeline, 112
panoramas, moving. See moving panoramas
papermaking, 293–95
parades. See marches, parades, and rallies
park design, 273–76
parody, 297, 299, 300. See also murals: parodies, etc.
Parsons, Albert, 72, 73, 74
Parsons, Lucy, 75, 89, 317n15, 318n29
PASTA (Professional and Staff Association, MoMA), 219
Paterson Silk Strike, 1913, 87–88, 90–92, 94, 96–98
Paterson Silk Strike pageant, New York City, 1913, 86, 87–88, 92–97, 95, 98, 318–19n20, 319n22
Paul, Alice, 111, 112, 112, 114, 115, 116–18, 119
Pearl Harbor Attack, 177, 330n1
Pelham, Henry
The Fruits of Arbitrary Power, 12, 14, 14
The Fruits of Arbitrary Power (Revere copy), 13
Pepper, Claude, 154
Pequot people, 306n13
Perdue, Donna, 293
performance art, feminist, 227–28, 231, 232, 235–36, 236
performance art spaces, 258
performers and performances, 34–38, 86, 270, 271–73. See also public interventions; theater
Petlin, Irving, 216, 221, 221
Petruniak, Roman, 216, 217
pharmaceutical industry, 254, 257, 262
Phillips, Wendell, 24, 37, 46
Photo and Film League. See Workers Film and Photo League
photography
of African Americans, 43, 65, 132, 136, 189, 191, 192, 196
Du Bois exhibit, 132
Gamboa turn to, 244
labor movement, 144
of Native Americans, 48, 49–59, 50–53, 55–58, 66
Riis’s, 60–69
war propaganda use, 154–55
See also daguerrotypes; documentary photography; retouching of photographs
photojournalism, 138, 139–40, 188–98, 244
Photo League, 144
Piazza, Michael, 77, 78–79, 83
Picasso, Pablo, 174
Guernica, 174, 222, 223, 223, 329n19, 336n30
pickets, vigils, etc., 110, 111, 115–16, 120, 140, 159, 163
anti-immigrant, 281
at military recruiting stations, 242
Pieh, Sengbe, 27–28, 28
pin-backed buttons, 100, 219
pink triangle (icon), 252, 253, 253
plagiarism, 12–14, 18, 55
Platt, David, 324n2
Plenty Coups—Crow (Throssel), 57, 58
plutonium contamination, 264–65
police, 60, 68, 140–41, 200
Baldwin Park, California, 281, 284
Black Panther Party relations, 199, 200, 201, 202, 206, 207, 207, 208
Chicago, 72–73, 83, 84, 206, 214
Los Angeles, 244, 247
New York City, 93–94, 114, 139, 159, 160, 214–15, 302
Washington, DC, 289–90
pig iconography, 202, 203
See also arrests
police brutality, 139, 159, 160, 195, 199, 200, 201, 208, 214
Police Monument, Chicago, 70, 71, 74–77, 75, 76, 78, 79
“political art” and “activist art” distinguished. See “activist art” and “political art” distinguished (Lippard)
Political Art Documentation and Distribution (PAD/D), 263
political cartoons, 18, 97, 103, 105–6, 106, 107, 154
political organization, Native American. See Native American political organization
political prisoners, 20, 99–100, 100, 105, 117–18
political trials
, 106–8, 174
pollution, 269, 270
poor people, photography of, 60–69
Popular Front, 144, 169
portraits, 15, 28, 28, 43, 102, 122
postal service, 29–30, 34–38, 103, 105, 106. See also hate mail
posters
AIDS-related, 254, 256, 258, 258, 261
Black Panther Party, 200, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209
civil rights movement, 188–89, 189, 195, 198
depicting My Lai massacre, 220–23
IWW, 86, 100
OSPAAAL, 205
suffragist, 114
union printing of, 218, 222
WPA-FAP, 150
Potamkin, Harry Brown, 138
poverty, 60–69
Powless, Irving, Jr., 9–10, 9
pranks. See hoaxes, pranks, etc.
press, 95, 96, 97
abolitionist, 29, 30
anti-Japanese hysteria of, 178
blackouts, 116
Communist/labor, 138
concentration camp, 178, 180
feminist art coverage, 228
hoaxes, pranks, etc., 257, 257
New York City demonstration coverage, 139
suffragist coverage, 120
See also African American press; magazines
printers and printing trade, 201, 202, 230, 308n2, 309n23
prints and printmaking, 27, 28, 171–74, 230. See also lithographs
prison camps, Japanese American. See Japanese American internment
prisoners, political. See political prisoners
Projansky, Bob, 336n24
projection, lantern slide. See lantern slides
propaganda, 137
accusations of, 154
AIDS activists’, 259
art establishment as, 211
of Black Panther Party, 205
Du Bois on all art as, 132, 133
Henry “Box” Brown’s, 35
of IWW, 97
Paul Revere’s, 12, 18
World War II, 154–55, 330n8, 331n25
protests and demonstrations, 17, 141, 217, 300
Baldwin Park, California, 279–85
counterdemonstrations, 281, 283–84
New York City, 136, 138–39, 142, 158, 159–60, 219, 254, 257, 264
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 217–18, 218
MoMA, 212–13, 213, 214–15, 215, 223
Washington, DC, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118
See also destruction of artwork, monuments, etc. (as protest); marches, parades, and rallies; pickets, vigils, etc.
public art
Baldwin Park, California, 278, 279–85
Chicago, 70–85
China, 269–77
publicly funded, 147, 148, 150
New York City, 155
Washington, DC, 147
See also Art Caravan
public health, 56, 57, 61–62
public interventions
by Art Workers’ Coalition, 215–23
by Asco, 242–51
by feminist artists, 236–41
by Guerrilla Art Action Group, 211–15
by Gran Fury, 256–57
Haymarket monument–related, 77–80
by IVAW, 286–92
by VVAW, 343–44n6
by Yes Men, 296–303
See also hoaxes, pranks, etc.; street theater
publicity and public relations, 95, 96, 126, 297, 299, 302–3, 319n23
publicly funded art. See government-funded art
public parks, 273–77
Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), 147, 157–58, 159, 326n2
Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 137, 141
Puerto Rican art and artists, 214, 216
purges, leftist, 143, 208
Purvis, Robert, 28
PWAP. See Public Works of Art Project (PWAP)
Q: And Babies? A: And Babies, 220–23
Quick-to-See Smith, Jaune, 53
Quincy, Josiah, 16
Quinlan, Pat, 91
race relations, 121–22, 200, 322n4. See also lynching; race riots
race riots, 122, 129, 193, 200
racism, 42, 322n3
in Left press, 320
in police, 200
in Riis’s work, 60, 67, 68
in women’s suffrage movement, 112, 321n5
See also African Americans: lynching crisis; civil rights movement
Radulovich, Mary Lou Fox, xii
Raiford, Leigh, 198
rallies, marches, and parades. See marches, parades, and rallies
Ramani, Aviva, 235, 236
rape, 235–38
Raphael, Ray, 15
Rather, Dan, 254
Raven, Arlene, 229, 229, 233
Rayson, Anthony, 84
Reagan, Ronald, 218, 233, 252, 254, 255
reclamation projects, 269–77
Reconstruction, 42–43
Rediker, Marcus, 14, 20, 26
“Red Scare” (first), 99–100, 108
“Red Scare” (second), 144–45, 175, 216
Reed, John, 87, 93, 95, 96, 105, 107, 108. See also John Reed Clubs
reenactments, 37, 78, 79, 87, 92, 95, 287–92
Regeneración, 244
Reicher, Hedwig, 113
Reilly, Bernard F., Jr., 28–29
relief, humanitarian. See humanitarian relief
Remember the Haymarket Anarchists (Grifter), 78, 78
rent strikes, 142
Reppenhagen, Garret, 287–88, 289, 290
resistance to Japanese American internment, 182–83, 186
resistance to photography, 52–53, 53
The Resurrection of Henry Box Brown at Philadelphia, 34, 34, 35, 311n1
retouching of photographs, 51–52, 58
Revere, Paul, 15–16, 15
The Bloody Massacre, 12, 13, 14
A View of the Year 1765, 17, 18, 309n19
Revolutionary War. See American Revolution
rich people, 50–51, 64, 92, 96, 105
as audience, 61, 69, 339n29
targeted by SAAG, 213
Richter, Daniel K., 7, 8
Richter, Mischa, 154
rights. See artists’ rights; civil rights movement; voting rights; women’s rights
Riis, Jacob A., 60–69
Riley, Blithe, 79, 79
riots, 15, 139–40, 244, 247. See also Haymarket Riot, Chicago, 1886; race riots
Rivera, Diego, 147, 161
rivers, 269–77
Robbins, David, 146
Robinson, Boardman, 101, 103
Robinson, Greg, 187, 331n25
Rockefeller, David, 213
Rockefeller, Nelson, 213
Rockefeller Center, New York City, 161
Rockefeller family, 212, 213, 213
Rogers, Merrill, 105, 106, 107, 108
Rolston, Adam, 340n21
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 147, 155, 157, 160, 178, 182, 323n20
Roosevelt, Theodore, 68–69
Rosemont, Franklin, 100
Rosenberg, Harold, 175
Rothschild, Lincoln, 324n2
Rothstein, Arthur, 155
Rowse, Samuel W., 34, 34
RTMark, 344n2
Ruddick, Margie, 274
Ruggles, Jeffrey, 36, 38
Rush, Christine, 227, 228, 228
Russia, 116, 319
Russian Revolution (1917), 96, 107, 109, 137
The Rustler (Throssel), 57
Ruthenberg House, San Francisco, 142, 143
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus: Shaw Memorial, 39, 44–45, 44, 46, 47
Salazar, Rubén, 244, 338n7
Sandoval, Humberto, 248
San Francisco, 141, 142, 143, 148, 201, 256, 266, 292
Sartain, John, 28
Savage, Kirk, 45
Savagian, John, 265
Save Our State (SOS), 280–82, 284, 285
Schapiro, Meyer, 164, 175
Schapiro, Miriam, 227, 227, 229
Schiff, Robbin, 227
School Room, Crow Indian Reservation (Throssel), 58
Schor, Mira, 227
Scottsboro Boys case, 140–41
Schwerner, Michael, 197, 197, 198
Scrubbing (Rush), 228
sculptors and sculpture, 112, 148, 154. See also Haymarket Martyr’s Monument; Police Monument, Chicago; Shaw Memorial
Seale, Bobby, 199, 202, 203, 204, 209
seashells in art. See shells in art
Sedition Act of 1798, 21
Sedition Act of 1918, 99
Seeger, Pete, 264
Sees with His Ears—Crow (Throssel), 48
segregation, 31, 122, 134, 170, 188, 322n3. See also civil rights movement
self-censorship, 144, 154, 260, 261
self-defense, 122, 133, 198, 199, 207, 236, 241
Seltzer, Leo, 136, 138, 139–41, 139, 142
serial murders, 239–41
sexism, 170, 224, 228–29, 231
Sharp, Joseph Henry, 53
Shaw, Anna Howard, 115, 116
Shaw, Elizabeth, 212, 221
Shaw, Robert (Chicago alderman), 260
Shaw, Robert Gould, 39, 41, 44, 45
Shaw Memorial, 39, 43–45, 44, 46, 47
Shays’ Rebellion, 21
Sheffield, James, 28
shells in art, xx, 3
Shelton, Leonard, 294
Shoemaker, Ferdinand, 56, 57
Sholette, Gregory, 265, 266
show trials, Soviet Union, 1936–1938, 174
Sigelaub, Seth, 336n24
Silence = Death, 252, 253, 253, 255
silk workers’ strike, Paterson, New Jersey, 1913. See Paterson Silk Strike, 1913
Silvianna, 212
Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 147, 167–68, 170
Sisters of Survival, 233, 234
sit-ins, office occupations, etc., 160, 215
Situationist International, 299–300
slave revolts, 21, 28
slaves and slavery, 23–32, 34–37, 43, 306n13, 310n2. See also abolitionist movement; former slaves; fugitive slaves
slave ships, 22, 24–26, 25
Slave Trade Act of 1807 (Great Britain), 27
slides, lantern. See lantern slides
Sloan, John, 93, 101, 102–3, 104
slogans, 340n21
AIDS activist, 252, 253, 253, 255, 261
Civil War, 41
Debs candidacy, 100
Haymarket site, 79
IWW, 90
Sons of Liberty, 18
slums and slum residents, photography of, 60–69
Smith, Albert A., 132
Smith, Frank, 195
Smith, James C. A., 35, 36, 37
Smith, Joshua B., 43
Smith, Judson, 151
Smith, Martin, 290
Smith, Mimi, 265
SNCC. See Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
SNCC Photo, 197
Social and Public Art Resource Center (SPARC), 282, 284
socialism, 100, 102, 103, 300
Socialist Labor Party, 89
A People's Art History of the United States: 250 Years of Activist Art and Artists Working in Social Justice Page 45