Couve de Murville, Jacqueline 452
Coward, Sir Noël 341
Cowgill, Felix 144, 311, 314
Cowley, Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron 37
Cowley, Malcolm 139, 145
Cowley, Oxford: car plant 216; steel works 212, 216
CPGB see Communist Party of Great Britain
CPUSA see Communist Party of the USA
Crabb, Lionel ‘Buster’ 483
Crankshaw, Edward 485, 488–9
Cranston, Maurice 204
Crawford, David Lindsay, 27th Earl of 56, 104, 119
Crawford, Joan 183
Cremet, Jean 149, 157
Crewe, Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of 238
Crimean war (1853–6) 38
Cripps, Sir Stafford 294, 296, 298, 362–3
Croatia 206
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of 202, 388
Crompton, Jimmy 539, 543
Cromwell, Oliver 35; New Model Army 298
Cronin, A.J., The Citadel 259
Crossman, Richard: Oxford don 215; Oxford city councillor 217; Member of Parliament 445; newspaper columnist 445, 454; Views on: Burgess and Maclean 445–6; the Establishment 445, 454; the Foreign Office 446, 548; Oxford and Cambridge universities 215
Crowborough, Sussex 491, 492
Crowe, Sir Eyre 13, 60, 62, 78, 82, 100
Crowther, Geoffrey Crowther, Baron 507–8
Cruttwell, C.R.M.F. 218
cryptography: American 346; British 46, 60–62, 118–19, 121, 245, 314, 328, 346, 444, 514; Soviet 25, 61–2, 245, 346, 430; see also Bletchley Park; GC&CS; VENONA project
Cuba 490
Cudlipp, Hugh (later Baron Cudlipp) 471
Culford Park, Suffolk 428–9
Culme-Seymour, Mark 390, 392, 393, 417
Cumming, Malcolm 254
Cumming, Sir Mansfield 46, 55, 103, 255
Cumming-Bruce, Francis (later 8th Baron Thurlow) 220–21
Cumming-Bruce, Sir Roualeyn ‘Spider’ 220–21, 226–7
Curran, Charles 431
Currie, Lauchlin 285
Curry, John ‘Jack’ 319–20
Curzon of Kedleston, George Curzon, 1st Marquess 53, 61, 119, 120–21, 297; ‘Curzon Note’ (1923) 62
Cuxhaven raid (1914) 52
Czechoslovakia 125–6, 266; Sudeten Germans 238, 253; communist era 300, 302, 363, 484, 504; execution of Rudolf Slánský 494; Soviet invasion (1968) 491; intelligence informants in London 175–6, 484, 510–511; see also Prague
D-Day landings (Normandy; 1944) 324
D-notice (press censorship system) 430, 442
D’Abernon, Edgar Vincent, 1st Viscount 12–13, 25, 51, 62
Daily Express 211, 286, 308, 430, 468, 471, 472, 541; and Burgess and Maclean defections and aftermath 399, 406–8, 416–17, 431, 433, 484; Sefton Delmer’s stories for 416–17, 431–4, 438, 483; Chapman Pincher’s stories for 441, 452, 508; serialization of From Russia with Love 499; and exposure of Anthony Blunt 527
Daily Herald 87, 88, 94, 96, 97, 101, 124, 270, 426, 439, 491, 498; Soviet subsidy 61, 89–90; publication of Pravda forgery 90–91; bought by Odhams Press 112
Daily Mail 44, 112, 161, 408, 462, 471, 543; ‘Zinoviev letter’ forgery 98–101, 110, 220, 354, 355, 505; reporting on Cambridge spies 190, 412, 485, 527
Daily Mirror 308, 409, 439, 497–8; Buck Ryan cartoon 121; Cassandra column 297
Daily Star 539
Daily Telegraph 233, 537, 542, 543
Daily Worker 112, 154, 164, 168, 208, 216; closed by government 294
Daladier, Édouard 260
Dale, Walter 86, 92, 101, 105, 107–8, 114
Dalton, Ernest 135
Dalton, Hugh (later Baron Dalton) 111, 152, 292, 426–7
Dansey, Sir Claude 41, 60, 141
Danube River conference (1948) 479
D’Arcy, Martin 202
Dartington Hall School 256
Dartmouth Naval College 190
Darwen, Lancashire 479, 480
Darwin, Charles xxi, 182
Dashwood, Sir John 142, 356, 460
Daube, David 203
David, Villiers 74
Davies, Joseph 28; Mission to Moscow 298
Davison, Boris 370
Dawes, Harry 206, 207
Dawson, Geoffrey 265, 266
Dawson, Sir Trevor 147
de Forest, Baron Maurice 87
Deacon, Richard see McCormick, Donald
Deakin, Sir F.W. 474
debriefing and interrogation techniques: American 138–9, 142; British 107, 142–3, 290, 338, 348
Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) 529
decolonization 359, 360, 361–2, 500, 507, 545
decryption see cryptography
Defence of the Realm Act (1914) 49, 392
Defence Regulation 18B (1939) 288–9
Deighton, Len 500; The Ipcress File 498–9
Dekanozov, Vladimir 294
Delmer, Sefton ‘Tom’ 416–17, 431–4, 438, 462–3, 483
denial, as human characteristic 420
Denniston, Alastair 61
Denny, Dorothy 141
Desborough, Ethel ‘Ettie’, Baroness 214
Deutsch, Arnold: background, character and early life 162, 163; ‘Great Illegal’ in London 162–3, 213; and Glading network 162, 164, 165, 166; and Cambridge spy ring 176–7, 236–7, 240, 241–3, 245, 247–8, 256–7, 258, 514; identified by Krivitsky 162
Deutsch, Julius 233
Devonport 189
Dewey Decimal system 39
Dewhurst, Claude 462
dialectical materialism 202, 209, 221
Diana, Princess of Wales 526
Dictionary of National Biography 444
Dies, Martin 142; Dies Committee see HUAC
Dinshaw, Minoo, Outlandish Knight: The Byzantine Life of Steven Runciman 222
Diplomatic Wireless Service 434
Dobb, Maurice 19–20, 196–7, 199–201, 227, 232, 235; his communist cell at Cambridge 19, 199, 201, 202, 208, 210–211, 221–2, 224, 250
Dobbs, Frank 189, 190
Dodd, Martha 153
Dodd, William 153
Dodd, William Jr 153
Dollfuss, Engelbert 230–32, 233, 234; assassination 155, 238
Dolmatova (Soviet freighter) 496
domestic staff, reduction in numbers of 429
Donlan, Yolande 479–80
Donovan, William ‘Bill’ 280–83
Double-Cross System (XX) 273, 354, 503, 504
Douglas, Norman 198
Douglas-Home, Sir Alec (later Baron Home of the Hirsel) 215, 504–5, 506–7, 508–9, 514
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, ‘The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans’ 147
Dr No (film; 1962) 499
Drake, Reginald 67
Drax, Sir Reginald 267
Dresden 350
Driberg, Tom (later Baron Bradwell): character 215, 541; MI5 agent 215, 323; expulsion from CPGB 323; Member of Parliament 354, 360, 510; journalism 452–3, 483–4; and Guy Burgess 452–3, 483–6, 498; KGB and Czech informant 484, 510, 541; Guy Burgess: A Portrait with Background 484–6
drink and drunkenness 121, 458–9, 478; Anthony Blunt 378, 458; Guy Burgess 251, 321, 378, 384, 387, 388, 458; Wilfred Macartney 150; Donald Maclean 317, 378, 388, 389, 390, 392–3, 458; Theodore Maly 128, 163; Ernest Oldham 124, 127, 128, 129, 458; Kim Philby 374, 378, 379–80, 381, 458, 491, 514–15; Goronwy Rees 458, 472
Drozdov, Vladimir 505
Drummond, Sir Eric (later 16th Earl of Perth) 27
Drury, John 78
du Maurier, George, Trilby 87
Duff, William 128
Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of 39, 42
Duggan, Laurence 365–7, 457
Dulles, Allen 283
Dunderdale, Wilfred ‘Biffy’ 123, 137, 331–2
Dunkirk evacuation (1940) 288, 291, 298, 315
Dunlop, Teddy 386
Durbin, Evan 325
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Durham, John Lambton, 3rd Earl of 51
Dutt, Clemens Palme 202
Dutt, Rajani Palme 18, 111, 202, 293, 294
DYNAMO, Operation (Dunkirk evacuation; 1940) 288, 291, 298, 315
Dzerzhinsky, Felix 90
Eade, Charles 463
Eagle Grove, Iowa 317
Earle, George 231
East Asia News Service 355
East Germany 350, 375, 448, 504
East Woodhay, Berkshire 191
Easton, Sir James ‘Jack’ 380–81, 418, 492
Eastwood, Harold 120, 129, 146
Eccles, David Eccles, 1st Viscount 316
Eccles, James 186, 187
Economist (newspaper) 492
EDC see European Defence Community
Eden, Anthony (later 1st Earl of Avon): at Oxford 215; pre-war Foreign Secretary 27; ‘The German Danger’ memorandum 27; wartime Foreign Secretary 295, 298; shadow Foreign Secretary 363; post-war Foreign Secretary 434, 438, 441; Prime Minister 438, 442, 482; and Cambridge spies 77, 442, 443, 444, 482; Suez crisis 82, 448
Eden, Clarissa (later Countess of Avon) 442
Edinburgh University 340
Edward VIII, King (later Duke of Windsor) 57, 168; abdication 169
Edwardes, Rose 92, 101, 105, 108
Edwards, George 36
EEC see European Economic Community
Egypt 41, 361; see also Cairo; Ismailia
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 302, 355
elections see by-elections; general elections
electoral reform 54, 63–4, 110, 370
Elgar, Sir Edward 194
Eliav, Yaacov 363
Eliot, T.S. 406
Elizabeth I, Queen 34, 47
Elizabeth II, Queen 482, 514
Elland, Percy 407
Ellen Hunt employment agency 323
Elliott, Nicholas 414, 444, 492, 495–6
Elsfield, Oxfordshire 214
embassies, British, characteristics of 122; see also embassies under Ankara; Berlin; Buenos Aires; Cairo; Moscow; Paris; Rome; Vienna; Washington
encryption and decryption see cryptography
Encyclopedia Britannica 414
English civil wars (1642–51) 35, 214, 298
Enigma decrypts 328
Ernst, Karl 46
Erroll, Victor Hay, 21st Earl of 133
Essex, George Capell, 7th Earl of 449
‘Establishment, the’, coinage and popularization of term 440
Estonia 9–10, 267; naval yards 11; Soviet takeover 302
Eton College 116, 173, 179, 186, 189–90, 190–91, 247, 254
European Defence Community (EDC) 432, 434
European Economic Community (EEC) 432, 507–8; British admission 507–8, 511
European Union (EU), British exit xxv, 426, 548
Evans-Pritchard, Sir Edward xxiii, xxiv
Evening Standard 407, 431, 528
Ewart, Gavin 256
Ewer, Denis ‘Jakes’ 207
Ewer, (William) Norman: background, character and early life 87–8, 458; family 207; career at Daily Herald 87, 88, 89, 112; membership of CPGB 88, 111, 198; Labour Monthly articles 18–19, 111, 426; formation of espionage network 91–8, 108–9, 111–12; and Zinoviev letter 98, 99, 101; surveillance by MI5 101–2; ending of spy network 105; disillusionment with Marxism and expulsion from CPGB 111, 112–13; later career 112–13; questioned by Maxwell Knight 91, 113–14; awarded CBE and special pass to FO 114; on Burgess and Maclean 439, 498; see also Ewer–Hayes spy network
Ewer–Hayes spy network 86, 91–8, 105, 108–9, 111–12, 150, 250, 354, 545, 546; security services’ surveillance and investigations 98, 101–2, 105–115, 151
exceptionalism, English, concept of 42, 79–82, 117, 188, 296, 353, 392, 448, 490, 507–8, 549; see also racism and condescension to foreigners
expulsion of Soviet agents from London (Operation FOOT; 1971) 508–511, 545
Fagg, Gordon 212
Fairhaven, Urban Broughton, 1st Baron 214
Fairlie, Henry 440
Falaise (ship) 399
Farnborough, Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) 154, 155–7, 344
Farnell, Lewis 198
Farnham, Surrey 154–5
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation): intelligence role xxv–xxvi, 138, 139–40, 279, 285–6; harassment and entrapment programmes 56; and Krivitsky defection 138–9, 142; and Whittaker Chambers 139, 279, 364, 365–6; and Peter Rhodes 280; and Lee and Bentley spy rings 139, 282, 283, 284, 285, 307–8, 364–6; and VENONA project 346; rivalry with other security agencies 346; and atomic spies 351; London liaison office 363–4; and Laurence Duggan 365–6; vetting of government staff 370; and Cambridge spies 396, 398, 444, 468–9, 517; purging of homosexuals 468–9, 478
Featherstone Typewriting Bureau 108
Federal Employee Loyalty Program (United States) 370
Federated Press Agency of America (FPA) 94, 101, 103, 105, 108, 113
Feklissov, Alexander 343, 344
Feldman, Armand (Iosif Volodarsky) 158
Fetterlein, Ernst 61
fiction, spy 44, 103, 152, 246, 311, 390, 475, 480, 498–500, 525–6
Finland 14; Soviet invasion and takeover 9, 211, 214, 302
First World War: predicted 44; outbreak 45, 46; internment of British subjects in Germany 460; detention of German agents in Britain 46; intelligence operations 46, 48; code-breaking 60–61; air warfare 52, 263; trench warfare 121; armaments supply 147; mobilization of civilian populations 49; conscientious objectors 87; and Bolshevik revolution 7, 49, 88; and Church of England 182; Armistice and demobilization 46, 54
‘Flapper Vote’ 63–4, 110
Fleming, Ian 499–500; James Bond novels 475, 498, 499, 500
Fletcher, Reginald ‘Rex’ (later 1st Baron Winster) 59, 354
Fletcher-Cooke, Sir Charles 320, 383, 416, 445, 478–81, 494
Floud, Bernard 211, 213, 519–20
FLUENCY (joint SIS–MI5 working party; 1964–5) 516
Foot, Michael 440–41
Foot, M.R.D. 543
FOOT, Operation (expulsion of Soviet agents; 1971) 508–511, 545
Foote, Alexander 249, 375; defection 345, 375
Footman, David: family background 252; character and opinions 250, 252, 253, 330, 474; schooling 174, 184, 192, 193; early life and marriage 252–3; fiction and travel writing 184, 252, 253; SIS officer 253, 306, 471; and Guy Burgess 253–4, 255, 263, 382, 385, 386, 416, 473; and Burgess and Maclean defections 400–401, 405, 453; investigated by security services 410; suspicions and accusations against 413, 414
Footman, Jane (Joan Clement-Scott) 252
Forbes, Alastair, ‘Whitehall in Queer Street’ 463
Ford, Thomas 155–7
Foreign Affairs (journal) 139
Foreign Office: 19th-century intelligence information supply 39; 20th-century organizational culture xxiii, 77–9, 116–21, 243–4, 255, 392, 426–8; and establishment of MI5 and SIS 43; intelligence gathering during First World War 48; supervision of GC&CS 62; responses to Ernest Oldham and John King cases 130–31, 133, 141–2; blamed for failure to avert war 426–7; formation of Security Department 28, 356–7; attacks on following Burgess and Maclean defections 426, 430–31, 438–43, 446, 452, 453–7, 474, 503–4, 547–8; Cadogan report on security arrangements 464–8, 478
Foreign Office American Department 257, 258, 393, 398
Foreign Office Central Department, leakages to Berlin 28, 141
Foreign Office Communications Department 77, 116–21, 141; Room 22 (cryptography) 118–21, 130–1; Soviet spies in see King, John; Oake, Raymond; Oldham, Ernest
Foreign Office Economic Relations Section 64
Foreign Office Far Eastern Department 384, 428, 530
Foreign Office General Department 315–16
Foreign Office Information Research Department (IRD) 112–13, 383–4
Foreign Office News Department 313, 320–21, 428, 438–9
Foreign Office Personnel Department 356�
�7, 382, 389, 411
Foreign Office Security Department 28, 356–7, 386
Foreign Office Western Department 244–6
Forestier-Walker, Sir George 42
Forster, E.M. 137, 538–9
Foster, Sir John 319
Fourth Department (Soviet military intelligence) 14–15, 21
FPA see Federated Press Agency
Franco, Francesco 59, 64, 144, 253, 261–2, 309, 490
Franco-Soviet treaty of mutual assistance (1935) 153
Frank, Leonhard 208
Franks, Sir Oliver (later Baron Franks) 325, 396, 410, 419
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 181
Frederick II ‘the Great’, King of Prussia 37
Free Oxford (magazine) 198
Freedom of Information Act (United States; 1967) 529
French revolutionary wars 36, 529
Freud, Sigmund 198; Thomas Woodrow Wilson: a psychological study 28
Freudianism 162, 174–5, 197, 542
Friedmann, Alice ‘Litzi’ 232, 234, 235, 240, 262–3, 308, 373, 386, 423
Friends of the Soviet Union 155, 161, 164, 339
Frisch, Otto 340–41
front organizations see American Refrigerator Company; Anglo-Russian Three Ply and Veneer Company; ARCOS; Cambridge Anti-War Council; China Campaign Committee; Featherstone Typewriting Bureau; Federated Press Agency of America; London Continental News; Russian Oil Products Ltd; Society for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union; Universal Barter Company; US Service and Shipping Corporation; World Tourists
Fuchs, Klaus: appearance and character 339, 340, 343–4, 348; background, education and early life 339–40; atomic spy 73, 263, 299–300, 340–44, 347, 349, 386, 421; identification 347; MI5 investigation and questioning 343–4, 347–8; confession 348, 368, 388, 394; arrest and trial 347, 348–9, 465, 546; imprisonment 350; later life 350; aftermath of case 351, 370, 378, 394, 395, 410, 411
Fulford, Sir Roger 278
Furnival Jones, Sir Martin 444, 506, 520
Furse, Aileen see Philby, Aileen
Gagarin, Yuri 490
Gaitskell, Dora (later Baroness Gaitskell) 325
Gaitskell, Hugh 234, 325, 451
Gallacher, Willie 84, 112, 282, 294, 319, 422
Gallarati Scotti, Duca Tommaso 428
Gardiner, Gerald (later Baron Gardiner) 338
Gardner, Meredith 346
Gargoyle Club, Soho 320, 390, 392–3, 394, 417
Garrick Club 292
Gascoigne, Sir Alvary 436
Gathorne-Hardy, Edward 391
Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri 95
Gaulle, Charles de 32, 149
GC&CS (Government Code & Cypher School) 61–2, 89, 104–5, 245, 310, 328, 514; see also Bletchley Park
Enemies Within Page 80