by Charles King
modern European history accelerated under, 194
nation-building and, 194
rejection of, 230
secularism of, 182–84, 186–89, 277
see also Turkish nationalists
Kenkulian, Hrant (Udi Hrant), 162, 165–67, 169, 170, 172, 175, 229, 334
Keriman, Halis, 259–63, 261, 267, 277, 375
Kessel, Dmitri, 272
Kiev, 105
Kılıç Ali Pasha mosque, 269
Kitab-ı bahriye (Pirî Reis), 18
Knatchbull-Hugessen, Hughe, 294, 312–13
Kofakos (Greek hotelier), 127
Koki and Niko’s, 100–101, 105
Kollek, Teddy, 314, 331
Korea, 371
Krauss, Josef, 297
Krupp, 42
Kumkapı (neighborhood), 62, 165
Kurds, Kurdistan, 31, 34, 75, 186, 191, 194
aerial attacks on, 186
rebellions among, 227
Ladino language, 60, 61, 118, 374
Ladyzensky, Colonel, 99
“La Gioconda and Si-Ya-U” (Nâzım Hikmet), 228
Lale (singer), 170
Lausanne, Treaty of, 114–15, 120–25
Lawrence, T. E., 37
League of Nations, 115, 116, 122, 150, 330
Le Corbusier, 27
Lenin, Vladimir, 93, 98, 101, 115–16, 224, 227, 235–36, 248
Leopold II, king of Belgium, 24
Levantines, 69, 260, 350–51, 375
Libya, 34, 53
Lincoln, Abraham, 22–23
Litvinov, Maxim, 310
Livadia Palace, 94, 105
London, 14, 94, 139, 173, 246
Long, Breckinridge, 326–27
Ludovic, Edouard and Emanuel, 321, 323
Macedonia, 34, 192
Macfarland, Lanning “Packy,” 308–9, 312, 337
Makarov, Sasha, 100, 105
Malaya, 86
Malta, 57, 74, 115, 212
Maritsa River, 299
Marmara, Sea of, 14, 15, 35, 44, 79, 82, 99, 165, 195, 219, 222, 238, 239, 293, 324, 363, 376
Marmara Taksim Hotel, 196
Marx, Karl, 223, 226, 238
Maslak, 84
Matisse, Henri, 272–73
Maxim club, 5, 138, 140–42, 173, 178
Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 228, 230
Mediterranean Sea, 15, 36, 59, 69, 71, 164, 189, 268, 275
Medovi, Nicolaus, 297
Mefkûre, 361–63, 344
Megali Idea, 71
Mehmed I, Sultan, 229
Mehmed II, Sultan, 16, 21, 43, 270, 285
Mehmed V, Sultan, 34, 35, 43
Mehmed VI, Sultan, 45, 51, 55, 65, 73, 103, 223
as caliph, 43, 85–86
deposing of, 4–5, 85–87, 91, 114, 136, 146, 180–82
Ottoman breakup accepted by, 74–78, 84
weakness of, 35, 81, 83, 173
Meisterwerke muhammedanischer Kunst, 273
Meletios IV, patriarch, 119, 126
Menderes, Adnan, 197, 371–72
Menemenciolu, Numan, 348–49, 354
Mensheviks, 98–99, 226
Mercader, Caridad, 250–51
Mercader, Ramón, 250–51
Mesopotamia, 36, 39, 75
Merutiyet (Constitution) Avenue, 129, 318; see also Graveyard Street
Mexico City, 244, 250–52, 255
Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 228, 230
Meyers Guide, 144
meyhanes (taverns), 142–43, 164
Middle East, 295, 298, 350
Midhat (public prosecutor), 158–59
millet system, 58–59, 120, 123
Milliyet (The Nation), 193–94, 197, 204–5
Milne, George, 42, 51–52, 74, 78, 83
Minsky, Yakov, 236–37, 247
Miss Turkey competition, 254, 256–61, 267, 297
Miss Universe competition, 260–63, 277
Moda, 95, 96, 239, 297
Montreux Convention, 291
Morina, 361–63
Moscow, 102, 105, 116, 117, 139–40, 227, 232, 247, 249, 250
Nâzım Hikmet in, 226–27
mosques, 20, 123, 187–88, 189, 269, 378
churches converted to, 268, 270
imperial, 49, 51
Moulin Rouge club (Mulenruj), 161
movies, 155–60
democratizing influence of, 158–59
Turkish, 157, 213, 220, 257–58, 263
Mudanya accord, 82–83, 85
Mudros armistice, 40, 53, 57, 72, 74, 75, 82, 113, 114, 184
muezzins, 187–88
muhacirs (forced migrants), 32
Muhammad, Prophet, 10, 43, 135, 179
Muhayye, Misbah, 128–30, 131, 303, 317, 369–70, 377
Muhiddin, Nezihe, 204, 206
Muhlis Sabahattin, 157
Murder on the Orient Express (Christie), 118, 235, 373
music, 5, 155–75
in Ankara, 194
genres of Turkish, 161
in Istanbul’s nightlife, 136–38, 141–42
loss and longing portrayed in, 162
recorded, 161–75
Muslims, xiii, 44, 49, 61, 72, 80–81, 124, 137, 162, 179, 222, 229, 301, 305, 374
Allied condemnation of, 43
antinationalist, 119
bathing areas of, 99
Bolsheviks and, 43
Byzantium and, 274
compulsory exile of, 120–23
discontents of, 64–66
education for women among, 207–8
expanding wealth of, 61
from Black Sea coast, 107
intellectuals, 259
in Istanbul, 45, 58, 73–74, 194
polygamy among, 207
reaction to Allied invasion by, 41, 65–66
as refugees to Istanbul, 32, 34, 41, 43, 49–50, 91–92, 171
secular, 350
in Turkish nationalism, 55, 80–81, 118, 126, 152, 190–91, 211–12
Turkish-speaking, 62, 71, 75, 162, 277
Unionists and, 37
women, see women, Muslim
see also Islam
Mussolini, Benito, 286, 292, 307
Mustafa III, Sultan, 19
Mustafa Kemal, see Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal
Mustafa Suphi, 225–27
Mutlugün, Reat, 304–5
My Life (Trotsky), 240, 242–43
Nabokov, Vladimir, 94
Nadir Aa (eunuch), 147
Nagelmackers, Georges, 22–25
Nansen, Fridtjof, 116, 122
Nansen passports, 116
Naide Saffet, 258
National Pact, 74
National Turkish Commercial Union, 124
Nation Awakes, A, 157
NATO, 371
Nâzım Hikmet, 219–23, 226–32, 228, 255, 305, 375
Nazis, Nazism, 290, 295, 307, 308, 314, 329, 346, 352, 358
Jews killed by, 326, 330, 338, 359
Jews stripped of citizenship by, 320
race laws under, 297
in Turkey, 297
Near East, 6, 71, 122, 223, 273
Necdet Rütü, 168
Necip Celal, 168
Nerkis (singer), 170
Nesuhi (public prosecutor), 158–59
Netherlands, 243, 300
New Orleans, La., 44, 150
New Rome, 13, 15, 268, 274; see also Byzantium, Istanbul
New York, N.Y., 44, 109, 113, 114, 160, 167, 174, 215, 284, 324, 364
New York Times, 141, 175, 236
Nicholas I, Tsar, 31
Nicholas II, Tsar, 105
Nicolson, Harold, 350
Nizharadze, Niko, 100–101
Normandy, Allied invasion of, 313, 362
North Africa, 37, 55, 96, 306
nostalji (nostalgia), 161–62
Novorossiisk, 93–94
Nuruosmaniye mosque, 20
“Nutuk” (Atatürk), 214–15, 219
Odessa, 93, 139, 235–36, 356
Office of Strategic Se
rvices, US (OSS), 308–14, 333–34, 337
Dogwood network of, 312, 357
X-2 (counter-espionage) branch of, 309, 311
OGPU (Soviet secret police), 236–37, 246–47
Ökte, Faik, 334
On the Streets of Istanbul, 157
Orak-Çekiç (Hammer and Sickle), 227
Orient Bar, 3, 106, 131, 300, 317
Orient Express, 3, 22–25, 118, 180, 247
Orient News, 118, 155
Osman, House of, 7
Ottoman army, 52–53, 57, 73, 81–82, 149, 221
Ottoman Baroque style, 50
Ottoman Empire, 24, 26, 32, 64, 77, 79, 86, 150–51, 193, 197, 224, 271, 318
alcohol production in, 143
under Allied occupation, 40–45
armistice with Allies and, see Mudros agreement
boundaries of, 14, 51, 184, 192
Byzantium conquered by, 13, 16, 21, 60, 169, 267, 270–71, 274
Christians in, 32; see also Greeks (ethnic), Armenians
classical music of, 161, 164–65, 166, 170, 172
constitutional monarchy in, 33–34
construction regulations in, 19
demise of, 31–33, 75–77, 86, 91, 114, 210, 259, 330
domestic spies in, 32–33
duration of, 43, 58
European annexations of territory of, 34
imperial harem in, 134
infrastructure of, 24–25
as Islamic empire, 4, 277
Istanbul as capital of, 3, 6
modernization of, 208
as multicultural, 4, 31, 58–59, 73, 120
parliament of, 33, 73–75, 212
poetic conventions in, 220, 227
police officers of, 44–45
property records under, 69
reform movements in, 33–34
religion as social system in, 120–23
renamed Turkey, 74
seafaring by, 18
sürgün (forced resettlement) under, 21–22
Turkish rejection of past in, 4
Turks perceived by, 190
uprisings and rebellions in, 32, 34–35
in World War I, 35–40, 70, 289
Ottoman naval college, 222, 229
Ottoman Turkish language, 61, 118, 147
rank expressed in, 158
oud (ud), 165–67, 170, 171–72
Palestine, 39, 52, 75, 247, 290, 331, 363, 364–65
Arabs in, 330, 332
immigration quotas and certificates for, 328–29, 330, 331–32, 358–60
Jewish refugees and, 320–24, 328–30, 332, 335–41, 345, 348–49, 355, 362
Palm Beach Seven, 141–42
Paris, 22, 24–26, 75, 113, 117, 137, 139, 140, 160, 215, 225, 235, 244, 246, 247, 263, 276, 294
Park Hotel, 318–19, 331, 349, 363–65, 375
Parthenon, 277, 383
“Past Is a Wound in My Heart, The,” 168–69
Patria, 324
Pegasus, 94
Pera (neighborhood), 42, 43, 44, 49, 64, 72, 101, 104, 108, 123, 127, 140, 143, 147, 155, 160, 208, 237, 300, 350, 373
avant-garde popular culture of, 151, 167
decline of neighborhood, 3
department stores in, 203
as destination for visiting Europeans, 25
as district of debauchery, 143, 150, 151, 305
espionage in, 244–46
fire of 1870 in, 21, 25, 27
foreign embassies in, 3–4, 44, 295
as Istanbul’s most fashionable neighborhood, 3
nightclubs in, 136–52, 167, 196, 260
northward shift to social life in, 318
secondhand shops in, 102
three curses of, 49
Pera Palace Hotel, 64, 96, 118, 127, 137, 140, 149, 192, 267, 276, 297, 298, 305, 308, 333, 372, 373, 376–77
Atatürk at, 52, 54–55
bar at, 74
Barlas at, 329, 331, 345, 349, 351–52, 364, 369
Bodosakis’s ownership of, 13, 69, 124–25, 128, 377
bombing of, 300–305, 301, 307, 313, 317, 319, 369
Brodsky at, 373
change of ownership of, 66
Christie and, 373
declared state property, 125, 128
decline of, 3, 317–18
Dos Passos at, 244–45
espionage and, 32–33, 244–45, 298
Goebbels at, 285–86, 289
Hemingway and, 4
initial success of, 26–27, 31
Milne at, 42
modernization and, 195, 197
Muhayye’s purchase of, 128–31, 317, 369–70, 377
music at, 136
on New Year’s Eve 1925, 179
noise and, 135–36, 192
as part of chain, 26
renovation of, 375
restaurant at, 203
view from, 135
as Western-style hotel, 4
Whittemore at, 105–9, 271, 273
Persia, Persians, 15, 61, 145
Persian language, 189, 227, 228
Petits-Champs Park, 25, 27, 136, 196, 203, 245
Petits-Champs Theater, 138
Petrograd, 93, 94; see also St. Petersburg
Phanar (Fener) neighborhood, 59, 61, 70, 120
Philhellenism, 70–71, 78
Picasso, Pablo, 230
Pirî Reis, 18
Pius XI, Pope, 354
Pius XII, Pope, 352, 354, 359, 364
Poland, 101, 102, 117, 221
communities destroyed in, 326
death camps in, 338, 352
government-in-exile of, 300
invasion of, 289, 294
Jewish refugees from, 335, 339–41, 346, 357, 363
polygamy, 202, 207
Prague, 117
press, 33, 197, 212
census questionnaire in, 193
control of, 185–86, 191, 227
move to Ankara by, 194
and Struma affair, 324
Trotsky and Western, 236
Turkish, 237
Price, G. Ward, 82, 84
Prichard, Matthew, 106, 272–73
Princes Islands, 44, 229, 238
Prinkipo, see Büyükada
Procopius, 16, 268
Proctor, Bertha, 140, 149, 246
proletarian revolution, 224–25
property rights, 202
Prost, Henri, 195–97, 277, 318
prostitutes, 96, 147–52, 256
transvestite, 3, 152
Pullman, George, 22–23
Punjabis, British unit of, 52
Pushkin, Alexander, 226
Putin, Vladimir, 117
railroads, 14–15, 22–26, 155
Ramadan, 156, 189, 376
Rand, Tamara, 373
rebetiko, 163–64, 171
Red Army, Soviet, 101, 235, 248, 339, 341
Red Crescent Society, 210
Red Cross, 106, 108, 137, 310, 335, 348
Refet Pasha, 84–85, 213
Régence restaurant (Rejans), 161
Rendel, Anne, 299–300
Rendel, George, 299–300, 317
Republican People’s Party, 204, 370–71
as only legal party, 184, 214, 221, 224, 304
six pillars of, 183
Republic Day, 186, 314, 318
Republic Monument, 196, 316, 318
Resimli Ay (Illustrated Monthly), 228–29
Righi, Vittore, 351–52, 355
Robert College, 51, 309
Roman Catholic church, 58, 63, 269, 350–55, 357, 359–60
Romania, 24, 102, 155, 172, 290, 320–22
Jewish refugees from, 326, 335, 337, 339, 346–47, 360–63
Jews persecuted in, 355–56
in World War I, 35
Romaniotes, 60
Romanov dynasty, 45, 224
Rome, 352, 359, 364
Rome, ancient, 268, 275
Byzantium as successor to, 273–74
Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe (Pope
John XXIII), 353–55, 358–60, 364
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 310, 327, 336
Rose Noire club (Roznuvar), 141, 161
Rosenthal, Gérard, 240
Runciman, Steven, 276
Russia, Russians, 4, 32, 62, 69, 76, 90, 222–24, 236, 246, 278
as empire, 26, 92–94, 97, 106, 109, 248
exiles in Istanbul from, 91–110, 113–17, 122, 126, 137, 139–42, 147–48, 150, 152, 160, 226, 232, 235–52, 260, 271, 276, 320
in World War I, 35–40
see also Soviet Union
Russian Archaeological Institute, 276
Russian Embassy, shifting power at, 97, 116
Russian Futurism, 228, 230
Russian Imperial Academy, 108
Russian language, 223, 240
Russian Orthodox church, 107, 270, 351
Russian Revolution, 45, 93, 113, 117, 139, 232, 237, 240, 248
Russo-Japanese War, 107, 208
Rustow, Alexander, 296
Rustow, Dankwart, 296
Safa, Peyami, 350
Safiye Ayla, 170
Sahibinin Sesi (HMV), 170–72
St. James’s Brasserie, 136
St. Petersburg, 98, 100, 102
Sakarya, battle of, 212
Sakarya River, 79
Salih Zeki, 208–9
Salonica Army, 52
Salonica (Thessaloniki), 33, 210, 372
Abdülhamid II exiled to, 34
Greek immigrants to, 127, 374
Hellenic takeover of, 7–8, 163, 222, 224
immigrants from, 8, 123, 136, 157, 162, 170, 171, 205, 221–22, 375
as multicultural, 8, 53, 162–64
Ottoman, 7
Salvador, 324
Samsun, 57, 72
Sanders, Otto Liman von, 35, 70
Saracolu, ükrü, 289, 306, 333–34
Sarayburnu (Seraglio Point), 14, 320, 361
Sarikamish, 37
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 230
Schwartzer, A., 149
Schwarz, Alfred, 312
science, religion vs., 279
Sedova, Natalya, 235–37, 239, 244, 246, 251
Selimiye mosque, 20, 269
Senegal, 42, 66, 157
Serbia, 117
Serra, Mario, 136
Sevastopol, 35, 93, 95
Sèvres, Treaty of, 75–78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 210, 290
eyhülislam, 16, 186, 259
Seyyan Hanım, 162, 167–69, 171, 175, 229, 334
Shakhovskaya, Princess, 114
Shalikashvili, David, 102
Shalikashvili, Dmitri, 98–102, 109, 117, 226
Shalikashvili, John, 117
Shaul, Eli, 62
sheet music, 160, 171
sheiks, 187
Shi’a Islam, 187
Shirt of Flame, 213
Siberia, 107, 236
Simplon Tunnel, 25
Simpson, Wallis, 285
Sirkeci station, 14, 18, 22, 92, 155, 300, 334, 344, 360, 362, 363
Slavs, 13, 71, 269–70
Slowes, Abraham, 339–41
Slowes, Moshe and Malke, 339–41
Smyrna, 71–73, 75, 77, 79–84, 91, 113, 129, 163–64, 171
Hellenic occupation of, 204, 210
Turkish conquest of, 212