by Michael Kern
Vault The bones of the upper part of the cranium that are embryologically formed from membrane.
Venous sinus A channel that drains cerebrospinal fluid and de-oxygenated blood away from the head. Many venous sinuses are formed within the folds of the cranial dural membranes.
Ventouse appliance A suction appliance that is used to pull a baby out from the birth canal.
Ventricle A cavity within the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid.
Vertebra A bone of the spine.
Vomer A thin triangular-shaped bone that is located between the lower surface of the sphenoid bone and the hard palate.
Zygomae Paired bones that form the prominences of the cheeks and the lateral walls of the orbit.
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
1 In this context, the term “biodynamic” was coined by Dr Rollin Becker D.O.
2 This idea is found in Indian culture, some Native American traditions and esoteric Judaism.
CHAPTER ONE
1 Dr. H. Magoun D.O., Osteopathy in the Cranial Field (3rd ed. Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, 1976): xi.
2 Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., Teachings in the Science of Osteopathy (Rudra Press, 1991): 4.
3 Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., Contributions of Thought (Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, 1967): 49.
4 Professor Guiseppe Sperino, Anatomia Umana, vol. 1: 203.
5 Hugh Milne, Heart of Listening (North Atlantic Books, 1995): 54.
6 Emmanuel Swedenborg, The Cerebrum and Its Parts (The Brain Considered Anatomically, Physiologically and Philosophically, vol. 1; Swedenborg Scientific Association, 1938): 209.
7 Sutherland, Contributions: 102–3.
8 Dr. A.T. Still, Autobiography of A.T. Still (A.T. Still; reprinted by American Academy of Osteopathy, 1981): 235.
9 Sutherland, Contributions: 102.
10 Sutherland, Science of Osteopathy: 14.
11 Sutherland, Contributions: 142.
12 N.B. This concept is found in traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic and Tibetan systems of healing and also referred to by Hippocrates as “the healing power of nature.”
13 Dr. Harold Magoun D.O., Osteopathy in the Cranial Field (1st ed. Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, 1951): 15.
14 Sutherland, Contributions: 97.
15 Ibid, 138–39.
16 Dr. John Upledger D.O., Your Inner Physician and You (North Atlantic Books, 1991): 15.
17 Dr. John Upledger D.O., “Differences Separate CranioSacral Therapy from Cranial Osteopathy,” Massage and Bodywork (Autumn 1995).
18 Sutherland, Science of Osteopathy: 14.
19 Sutherland, Contributions: 143.
CHAPTER TWO
1 Rabindranath Tagore, Gitanjali (Macmillan, 1913): 85 (verse 69).
2 Itsuo Tsuda, The Dialogue of Silence, trans. Giorgio Capra (Luni Editrice, 1992).
3 Dr. V.M. Frymann D.O., “A Study of the Rhythmic Motions of the Living Cranium,” JAOA 70 (May 1971): 928–45. Reprinted in Clinical Cranial Osteopathy, ed. Richard Feely D.O. (The Cranial Academy).
4 Melicien Tettambel D.O., Allen Cicora B.S., and Edna Lay D.O., F.A.A.O., “Recording of the Cranial Rhythmic Impulse,” (Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine); originally published in JAOA 78 (October 1978): 149; reprinted in Clinical Cranial Osteopathy, ed. Richard Feely D.O. (The Cranial Academy).
5 Hugh Milne, The Heart of Listening (North Atlantic Books, 1995): xviii.
6 John E. Upledger and Zvi Karni, “Mechanical Electric Patterns during Craniosacral Osteopathic Diagnosis and Treatment,” JAOA 78 (1979): 782–91.
7 Z. Karni, J. E. Upledger, J. Mizrahi, L. Heller, E. Becker, and T. Najenson, “Examination of the Cranial Rhythm in Long-Standing Coma and Chronic Neurological Cases,” Craniosacral Therapy, John Upledger and Jon Vredevoogd (Eastland Press, 1983): Appendix B.
8 Milne, Heart of Listening: 4.
9 John M. McPartland D.O., M.S., and Eric A. Mein M.D., “Entrainment and the Cranial Rhythmic Impulse,” Alternative Therapies 3.1 (January 1997).
10 Franklyn Sills M.A., R.C.S.T., Craniosacral Biodynamics (draft version; North Atlantic Books, 2001).
11 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., Life in Motion (Rudra Press, 1997): 124.
12 Dr. James Jealous D.O., “Around the Edges,” The Tide (UK Sutherland Society, Spring 1996).
13 Phrase coined by Franklyn Sills M.A., R.C.S.T.
14 Anecdote from Colin Perrow R.C.S.T.
15 Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., Contributions of Thought (Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, 1967): 39.
16 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., Diagnostic Touch: Its Principles and Application, Part 4: Trauma and Stress (Academy of Applied Osteopathy Yearbook, vol. 2, 1965).
17 Dr. Michael Shea, Somatic Cranial Work (Shea Educational Group, 1997): 61.
18 Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., Teachings in the Science of Osteopathy (Rudra Press, 1991): 14.
19 Sutherland, Contributions: 102.
20 Sutherland, Contributions: 130.
21 Sutherland, Science of Osteopathy: 14.
22 N.B. Some practitioners also refer to an even slower motion, which arises as a kind of wellspring with each outgoing upsurge, occurring about every 20–25 minutes. This motion keeps rising and spreading out into space until a new “tide” arises.
23 Callum Coates, Living Energies (Gateway Press, 1996).
24 William Seifriz, Protoplasm of a Slime Mold (film documentary).
25 Genesis 2:7 (King James version).
26 The Buddha, Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra (The Heart of Understanding, trans. Ven. Thich Nhat Hanh/Parallax Press, 1988): 1.
27 Sutherland, Science of Osteopathy: 16.
28 Ibid.
29 Dr. James Jealous D.O., “Healing and the Natural World,” [interview by Bonnie Harrigan] Alternative Therapies 3.1 (January 1997).
30 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., The Stillness of Life (Stillness Press, 2000): 6.
31 Sutherland, Contributions: 203.
32 “Shape-shifting” is a term used to denote an ability of Native American shamans to change their form.
33 Dr. David Bohm, in The Holographic Paradigm, ed. Ken Wilber (Shambhala Publications, 1982): 190.
34 Franklyn Sills M.A., R.C.S.T., The Polarity Process (Element Books, 1989): 14.
35 Sills M.A., R.C.S.T., Craniosacral Biodynamics.
36 Ken Wilber, The Holographic Paradigm (Shambhala Publications, 1982): 2.
37 Sills M.A., R.C.S.T., Craniosacral Biodynamics.
38 Ibid.
39 Dr. Karl Pribram, Languages of the Brain (Prentice-Hall 1971).
40 Wilber, The Holographic Paradigm: 9.
41 Dr. Mae Wan Ho, presentation at the “Breath of Life Conference” (London, May 2003).
42 “Is It Done with Mirrors?,” Rhythm and News (Spring 1997); originally published in Brain/Mind, Marilyn Ferguson (Interface Press, 1996).
43 Dr. Ray Gottlieb, Brain/Mind Bulletin 21.6 (March 1996).
44 Grahame Whitehead, “Living Water,” Positive Health (March 2000).
45 Sills, The Polarity Process: 17.
46 Ibid.
47 Vera Stanley Alder, From the Mundane to the Magnificent (Rider, 1988): 75.
48 Henry Lindlahr M.D., Philosophy of Natural Therapeutics, vol. 1 (Maidstone Osteopathic Clinic, 1975): 24.
49 Wilber, The Holographic Paradigm: 3.
50 Jealous, “Around the Edges.”
51 E. Blechschmidt and R. Gasser, Biokinetics and Biodynamics of Human Differentiation (Charles C. Thomas, 1978): xiii.
52 Ibid.
53 Ibid.
54 Sills, Craniosacral Biodynamics.
55 Dr. James Jealous D.O., “Healing and the Natural World.”
56 Sills, Craniosacral Biodynamics.
57 Jealous, “Around the Edges.”
58 Case history from Colin Perrow R.C.S.T.
59 Sutherland, Science of Osteopathy: 14.
60 Becker, Life in Motion: 41.
CHAPTER THREE
1 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., Life in Motion (Rudra Press, 1997): 119.
2 Franklyn Sills M.A. R.C.S.T., Craniosacral Biodynamics (draft version; North Atlantic Books, 2001).
3 Ibid.
4 Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., Teachings in the Science of Osteopathy (Rudra Press, 1991): 5.
5 Becker, Life in Motion:, 41.
6 John Nolte, The Human Brain (3rd ed. Mosby, 1993): 59.
7 R.F. Erlinghauser, The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid through the Connective Tissue System (Academy of Applied Osteopathy Year Book, 1959): 77–87.
8 Dr. A.T. Still, Philosophy of Osteopathy (A.T. Still, 1899).
9 Reynold Spector and Conrad Johanson, “The Mammalian Choroid Plexus” [quoting experiments by Volzhina and Klovosky], Scientific American (November 1989).
10 Ibid.
11 J. Hilton, Rest and Pain (J. B. Lippincott Co., 1950): 25.
12 Dr. H. Magoun D.O., Osteopathy in the Cranial Field (3rd ed. Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, 1976): 34.
13 Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., Contributions of Thought (Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, 1967): 202.
14 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., The Stillness of Life (Stillness Press, 2000): 5.
15 Magoun, Cranial Field: 42.
16 Dr. John Upledger D.O., The Brain Is Born (North Atlantic Books, 1996): 333.
17 Dr. John Upledger D.O. and Jon Vredevoogd, Craniosacral Therapy (Eastland Press, 1983): 12.
18 Still, Philosophy of Osteopathy: 39.
19 Sutherland D.O., Science of Osteopathy: 14.
20 Sutherland, Contributions: 243.
21 Magoun, Cranial Field: 25.
22 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., Life in Motion: 90.
23 Sutherland, Contributions: 140.
24 Dr. Randolph Stone D.O., Polarity Therapy—Complete Collected Works, vol. 1 (CRCS Publishers, 1986): 30.
25 Sutherland, Contributions: 140.
26 Dr. R. T. Lustig in Cranial Field, Magoun: 26.
27 Burton, from “Anatomy of Melancholy,” in Man: Grand Symbol of the Mysteries (The Philosophical Research Society, 1972): 138.
28 M. Hall, Man: Grand Symbol of the Mysteries: 140–45.
29 Magoun, Cranial Field (1st ed., 1951): 15.
30 See L. C. Clark, “Discussion of Evidence for the Participation of Serotonin in Mental Processes,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Part 3 (14 March 1957): 668; H. Hyden, “Satellite Cells in the Central Nervous System,” Scientific American 205 (December 1961): 62; R.O. Becker, “Bioelectricity: A New Frontier,” [report on research at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Syracuse, NY], Modern Medicine (11 November 1963): 64.
31 D. Feinberg and A. Mark, “Human Brain Motion and Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation Demonstrated with MR Velocity Imaging,” Radiology 163 (1987): 793–99.
32 A.M. Lassek, The Human Brain (C.C. Thomas, 1957).
33 Upledger, The Brain Is Born: 53.
34 N.B. The axis of rotation for the curling and uncurling of the central nervous system passes through the two Foramina of Monro, the channels that connect the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle.
35 Sutherland, Contributions: 160.
36 Robert Ornstein and David Sobel, The Healing Brain (Macmillan, 1989): 36.
37 Dr. A.T. Still, Autobiography (Dr. A.T. Still, 1897): 219; quoted in Sutherland, Contributions.
38 Stanley Keleman, Emotional Anatomy (Center Press, 1985): 52.
39 Sills, Craniosacral Biodynamics.
40 Harish Johari, Chakras: Energy Centers of Transformation (Destiny Books, 1987): 21.
41 Sutherland, Contributions: 236.
42 Magoun, Cranial Field (3rd ed., 1976): 30.
43 Sutherland, Contributions: 38.
44 Ibid, 156.
45 Upledger and Vredevoogd, Craniosacral Therapy: 87.
46 N.B. Chi Kung is an ancient Chinese system of exercises to help balance energy flow in the body.
47 Don Cohen D.C., Introduction to Craniosacral Therapy (North Atlantic Books, 1995): 3.
48 Magoun, Cranial Field: 32.
49 Sutherland, Contributions of Thought: 138.
50 Ibid.
51 Ibid, 135.
52 Hugh Milne, Heart of Listening (North Atlantic Books, 1995): 8.
53 N.B. Detailed descriptions of the primary respiration of each bone can be found in various textbooks. For example, see Magoun, Osteopathy in the Cranial Field; Sills, Craniosacral Biodynamics, vol. 1; Upledger and Vredevoogd, Craniosacral Therapy; Milne, The Heart of Listening; Brookes, Lectures on Cranial Osteopathy.
54 Dr. James Jealous, “Around the Edges,” The Tide (UK Sutherland Society, Spring 1996).
55 Sutherland, Science of Osteopathy: ix.
56 Sutherland, Contributions: 230.
57 Dr. A.T. Still, quoted in Sutherland, Science of Osteopathy.
58 After Franklyn Sills M.A., R.C.S.T.
59 Sills, Craniosacral Biodynamics.
60 Erlinghauser, The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid.
61 Claire Dolby D.O., R.C.S.T., Connective Tissues (unpublished): 1.
62 Erlinghauser, The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid.
63 Still, Philosophy of Osteopathy: 162, 164.
64 Upledger and Vredevoogd, Craniosacral Therapy: 236.
65 H. Frohlich, International Journal of Quantum Chem 2 (1968): 641–49.
66 Dr. Will Wilson R.C.S.T., “The Mystery of Craniosacral Therapy,” The Fulcrum (Craniosacral Therapy Association, Winter 1998/99).
67 Upledger and Vredevoogd, Craniosacral Therapy: 236.
68 Ibid, 46.
69 Keleman, Emotional Anatomy: 69. Also, see Wilhelm Reich, Character Analysis (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1949).
70 After Paul Vick R.C.S.T.
71 This analogy has been adapted from an original idea by Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., author of Contributions: 147; and also Joseph Goodman D.O., N.D.
CHAPTER FOUR
1 Jelaluddin Rumi, The Essential Rumi, trans. Coleman Barks with John Moyne (Harper Collins, 1995): 15.
2 Dr. A.T. Still, Autobiography of A.T. Still (A.T. Still; reprinted by American Academy of Osteopathy, 1981): 195.
3 Dr. James Jealous D.O., “Healing and the Natural World” [interview by Bonnie Harrigan] Alternative Therapies 3.1 (January 1997).
4 Dorland’s Pocket Medical Dictionary (23rd ed. W.B. Saunders, 1982).
5 Still, Autobiography: 282.
6 Dr. Viola Frymann D.O., Collected Papers of Viola Frymann (American Academy of Osteopathy, 1998): 243.
7 Ibid, xx.
8 Still, Autobiography: 32.
9 Ibid, 252.
10 Carter H. Downing D.O., Principles and Practice of Osteopathy (Tamor Pierston, 1981): 18.
11 Charles Bowles, D.O., quoted in Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., The Stillness of Life (Stillness Press, 2000): 254.
12 Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., The Ethical Demands for Integration (7 December 1962), and A Testament of Hope, ed. James M. Washington (Harper, 1991): 122.
13 Elizabeth Hayden D.O., Osteopathy for Children (Elizabeth Hayden, Churchdown Osteopaths, 1997): 5.
14 Dr. I.M. Korr, The Biological Basis for the Osteopathic Concept (American Academy of Osteopathy Yearbook, 1960): 130. Reprinted from the Journal of Osteopathy LXI.4 (April 1954).
15 Ven. Sogyal Rinpoche, talk in London (1998).
16 N.B. Dr. John Upledger uses this term to denote our inner wisdom, which can be contacted to provide guidance in the process of treatment; Your Inner Physician and You (North Atlantic Books, 1991): 111.
17 Still, Autobiography: 88.
18 Dr. W.G. Sutherland D.O., Contributions of Thought (Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, 1967): 114.
19 Henry Lindlahr M.D., Philosophy of Natural Therapeutics, vol. 1 (Maidstone Osteopathic Clinic, 1975): 26.
20 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., Life in Motion (Rudra Press, 1997): 21.
21 Ibid, 125.
22 Lindlahr, Philosophy: 19.
23 Jealous, “Healing and the
Natural World.”
24 Dr. James Jealous D.O., “Around the Edges,” The Tide (UK Sutherland Society, Spring 1996).
25 Dianne M. Connelly, All Sickness Is Homesickness (2nd ed. Traditional Acupuncture Institute, 1993): 46.
26 Hugh Milne, The Heart of Listening (North Atlantic Books, 1995): 70, 73.
27 Stephanie Hiller, Stop, Listen, Act (Brainwave/Holistic London Guide, Summer 1999).
28 Surya Das, The Snow Lion’s Turquoise Mane, [inscription] (Harper, 1992).
29 Sutherland, quoted by Dr. Rollin Becker in foreword of Teachings in the Science of Osteopathy (Rudra Press, 1991): xii.
30 Franklyn Sills M.A., R.C.S.T., Craniosacral Biodynamics (draft version; North Atlantic Books, 2001).
CHAPTER FIVE
1 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., Life in Motion (Rudra Press, 1997): 62.
2 Ibid, 178.
3 Mae Wan Ho, The Rainbow and the Worm: The Physics of Organisms (World Scientific Publishing Co., 1993).
4 E. Blechschmidt and R. Gasser, Biokinetics and Biodynamics of Human Differentiation (Charles C. Thomas, 1978).
5 Franklyn Sills M.A., R.C.S.T., Lecture on the Tides (unpublished, June 1998).
6 Katherine Ukleja D.O., R.C.S.T, personal communication.
7 Dr. John Upledger D.O., The Brain Is Born (North Atlantic Books, 1996): 363.
8 Franklyn Sills M.A., R.C.S.T., Craniosacral Biodynamics (draft version; North Atlantic Books, 2001).
9 Ibid.
10 Dr. Rollin Becker D.O., Diagnostic Touch: Its Principles and Application (Academy of Applied Osteopathy Yearbook, 1963).
11 Sills, Craniosacral Biodynamics.
12 Dr. Michael Shea, Somatic Cranial Work (Shea Educational Group, 1997): 54.
13 Becker, Diagnostic Touch.
14 Ibid.
15 N.B. The work of Dr. William Emerson, one of the world’s leading psychologists working in the field of pre-natal trauma, provides much “anecdotal” evidence of the responsiveness of cells from the very beginnings of life. Also, see John Rowan, “Major Categories of Early Psychosomatic Traumas” [paper] (1978); Ronald Laing, Facts of Life (Penguin, 1976); Nandor Fodor, In Search of the Beloved (University Books, 1949).
16 Jelaluddin Rumi, Love’s Fire, trans. Andrew Harvey (MOTH).