“When I Am Twenty” (Koplowicz, A.), 318
The White Life (Katzenelson), 286n6
White Paper, 69n2
Wiener, Jacob. See Zwienicki, Gerd
Wieringerneer (Netherlands), 60n50
Wiesel, Beatrice, 410
Wiesel, Elie, 409–11, 412–14
Wiesel, Hilda, 410
Wiesel, Sarah Feig, 409–10
Wiesel, Shlomo, 409, 410
Wiesel, Tzipora, 410
Wiesenthal, Simon, 171
Wilczik, Gerhard, 87, 89
Wilczyńska, Stefania, 129, 130, 133, 134
Wilson Railway Station, 402
Winter Relief Organization (Jewish Winterhilfe), 94
Wirths, Eduard, 241
Wirtz, Ernst, 64–65, 66
Witzler, Pierre-Marcel, 369
Wojtek, Krysia, 319
Wojtek, Michaj, 319
Wolf, Josef, 329
Wołowicz, Guta, 288n13
work certifications (Scheine), 137
working papers, xli, 135, 137
World War I, 5, 15; deaths in, 35, 193n4
World War II, 35, 67–68
World Zionist Organization, 396n26
Wrocław (Poland), 3n9
Yad Vashem, 318, 368n48
Yehoash, 290, 291
yellow star, 32, 42, 43–44, 45, 144, 309
Yerushalmi, A., 334
YIVO, 291
Yoselewska, Rivka, 83–86
Young Girls’ League (Jungmädel), 248, 250
Young Guard (Yunge Gwardie), 338
Young People’s Voice (Słowo Młodych), 338, 339, 340
Youth Aliyah, 69, 139, 315n48, 338, 397
Youth Avant-Garde (Avangarda Młodziży), 338
Youth League of the Nazi Party (Jugendbund der NSDAP), 244
Youth Leagues (Bündische Jugend), 247, 252
youth organizations, 243–47, 256–57; for females, 248–50, 251; military training in, 245, 272, 273, 277; publications of, 337–38. See also specific youth organizations
Yugoslavia, 41–42, 48, 51
Yugoslav Partisan Movement, 48–49
Yunge Gwardie (Young Guard), 338
Zagrodski (Belarus), 83–86
Zarathustra, 10
Żegota, 128n27, 152–53, 324
Ze’irei Zion, 315n48
Zelkowicz, Josef, 117–20, 138, 303–4
Zielke, Regina, 309
Zigeunerlager (Gypsy camp), 123n22
Zigeunermischlinge, 223–26, 227
Zlatin, Miron, 369
Zlatin, Sabine, 369, 371
złoty, 341, 349
ŻOB. See Jewish Fighting Organization
Z Problematyki ruchu w chwili obecnej (On the Present Problems of the Movement), 338
Żurawski, Max, 183n50, 184, 186
Zweig, Helena, 187
Zweig, Stefan Jerzy, xxxix, 187–89, 190
Zweig, Sylvia, 187
Zweig, Zacharias, xxxix, 187
Zwienicki, Gerd, 9, 10–11
Zwienicki, Selma, 10
Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa, 324, 325, 326, 327
Żydowski Związek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union), 325, 328
Zyklon B, 162
Żywulska, Krystyna, xiii
ŻZW, 325, 328
About the Authors
Patricia Heberer has served as an historian with the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC, since 1994. She is the Museum’s in-house specialist on medical crimes and eugenics policies in Nazi Germany. Dr. Heberer received her PhD in history from the University of Maryland in 2001. A contributor and consultant for two United States Holocaust Memorial Museum publications, 1945: The Year of Liberation and In Pursuit of Justice: Examining Evidence of the Holocaust, she published Atrocities on Trial: The Politics of Prosecuting War Crimes in Historical Perspective, co-edited with Jürgen Matthäus, in 2008 with the University of Nebraska Press. Two recent articles by Dr. Heberer, “Science,” in John Roth and Peter Hayes, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies and “The ‘Euthanasia’ Program,” in Jonathan Friedman, ed., Routledge History of the Holocaust, appeared in 2011.
Nechama Tec is professor emerita of sociology at the University of Connecticut at Stamford. She holds honorary degrees from Lafayette College, Seton Hall University, and Hebrew Union College and is a member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Academic Advisory Committee. Her publications include Every Day Lasts a Year: A Jewish Family’s Correspondence from Poland, with Christopher R. Browning and Richard S. Hollander (2007); Resilience and Courage: Women, Men, and the Holocaust (2003); and Defiance: The Bielski Partisans (1993; adapted for a motion picture directed by Edward Zwick). Her books have been translated into Dutch, French, Hebrew, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, and Japanese. She is currently working on a book titled “Resistance” to be published by Oxford University Press.
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