[406] Constance Holden, “Were Spaniards Among the First Americans?” Science 286 (1999): 1467-1468.
[407] Theodore D. McCowen, “That Magic Word, Solutrean,” American Antiquity 5, no. 2 (1939): 150-152.
[408] “Monte Verde under Fire,” Archaeology [online], 1999.
[409] Ibid.
[410] National Park Service Archaeology and Ethnology Program, “Kennewick” [online], May 2004.
[411] Dennis Stanford and Bruce Bradley, “The Solutrean Solution—Did Some Early Americans Come from Europe?”, Discovering Archaeology, February 2000; reprinted in Clovis and Beyond [online].
[412] Ibid.
[413] Holden, “Were Spaniards,” 1468.
[414] Ibid.
[415] Stanford and Bradley, “The Solutrean Solution.”
[416] Ripan Malhi and David Glenn Smith, “Brief Communication: Haplogroup X Confirmed in North America,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119 (2002): 84-86.
[417] Bradley and Stanford, “The North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor.”
[418] Ibid.
[419] Ibid.
[420] G. A. Clark, “Deconstructing the North Atlantic Connection,” Current Research in the Pleistocene 17 (2000): 12-13.
[421] Michael Parfit, “Hunt for the First Americans.” National Geographic, December 2000, 40-67, 61.
[422] Nicolò Zeno, The Voyage of the Venetian Brothers, Nicolò & Antonio Zeno to the Northern Seas, in the XIVth Century, translated by Richard Henry Major (London: Hakluyt Society, 1873).
[423] Ibid., 34-35. As a result of the destruction, he “reconstructed” their content from memory, years afterward, to write his book.
[424] Ibid., 23.
[425] G. M. Asher, Henry Hudson the Navigator (London: Hakluyt Society, 1860), clxvi-clxvii.
[426] Ibid., clxv-clxvi.
[427] Ibid., clxvii.
[428] Ibid., clxvii-clxix.
[429] Jack O’Brien and Alfrod Alley, “Six Ridiculous Lies You Believe about the Founding of America,” Cracked.com [online], May 15, 2012.
[430] Pomponius Mela, De situ orbis 3.45; my translation.
[431] Pliny the Elder, Natural History 2.67, translated by John Bostock and H. T. Riley.
[432] Some amend this to the Boii or the Baeti.
[433] Francisco Gómara, Historia general de las Indias, in Richard Eden, The First Three English Books on America (?1511-1555 A.D.), edited by Edward Arber (Westminster: Archibald Constable and Co., 1895), 347. (Translation adapted.)
[434] Gómara, Historia general, 338 (adapted).
[435] Quoted in Francesco Tarducci, John and Sebastian Cabot, translated by Henry Francis Brownson (Detroit: H. F. Brownson, 1893), 280.
[436] Martianus Capella, The Marriage of Philology and Mercury 6.621; my translation.
[437] António Galvão, The Discoveries of the World, translated by Richard Hakluyt (London: Hakluyt Society, 1862), 56.
[438] Georg Hartwig, The Sea and Its Living Wonders, 8th ed. (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1892), 60.
[439] Alexander von Humboldt, Aspects of Nature, translated by Mrs. Sabine (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1850), 138.
[440] Peter De Roo, History of America before Columbus, vol. 1 (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1900), 168.
[441] Ivan Van Sertima, They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in the Americas (New York: Random House, 2003), 254-255.
[442] Jack D. Forbes, Africans and Native Americans: The Language of Race and the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples, second ed. (University of Illinois, 1993), 12-13.
[443] Ibid., 13.
[444] James W. Loewen, Lies My Teacher Told Me, tenth anniversary ed. (New Press, 2007), 39.
[445] Pietro Bembo, Rerum Venetarum historia, book 7 (1551); translated and quoted in W. H. Tillinghast, “The Geographical Knowledge of the Ancients Considered in Relation to the Discovery of America,” in Justin Windsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, vol. 1: Aboriginal America (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1889), 26.
[446] James Wallace, A Description of the Isles of Orkney, ed. John Small (Edinburgh: William Brown, 1883), 32-33.
[447] “Arctic Connections,” University of Aberdeen [online], n.d.
[448] E. E. Evans and C. F. C. Hawkes, “An Eskimo Harpoon-Head from Tara Co. Down?” Ulster Journal of Archaeology 3 (1940): 127-133.
[449] “Type of an American Indian in an Antique Bronze of the Louvre,” Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, 23 (1891): 87-90.
[450] Rabelais, Pantagreul 4.1.
[451] Louis Vivien De Saint-Martin, Histoire de la Géographie (Paris: Hachette, 1873), 176.
[452] See, for example, Rama Prasad Chanda, “Indo-Aryan Expansion and the Early Relations of the Aryas with the Pre-Aryans,” The Calcutta Review 118 (1904): 25.
[453] Edward Herbert Bunbury, A History of Ancient Geography, vol. 2 (London: John Murray, 1879), 172; James Oliver Thomson, History of Ancient Geography (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948), 199.
[454] Natural History 5.1.
[455] Jason Colavito, “Introduction,” in The Orphic Argonautica: An English Translation, translated by Jason Colavito (Albany, New York: JasonColavito.com Books, 2011), xix-xx.
[456] The Orphic Argonautica 11-16; my translation.
[457] Jacob Bryant, A New System; or, An Analysis of Antient Mythology, third ed., vol. III (London: 1807), 175.
[458] Genesis 6:1-13
[459] Genesis 9:13
[460] Berossus, as preserved in Syncellus, Chronicon 28, 38; Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica 7, 9 and Chronicon 5.8.
[461] Henry Lee, Sea Fables Explained (London: William Clowes and Sons, 1883), 3-4.
[462] Ars Poetica 1.4.
[463] Bryant, New System, vol. 3, 54-55.
[464] Ibid., 55-56.
[465] I have replaced Bryant’s quotation of a Greek line of Plutarch’s with an English translation.
[466] Bryant, New System, vol. 3, 56.
[467] This claim is based on the alleged phonetic similarity of Jesus’ words in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 to supposed Quiché Mayan words, when in fact Jesus was quoting Psalm 22:1 in Aramaic.
[468] Robert Temple, The Sirius Mystery: New Scientific Evidence of Alien Contact 5,000 Years Ago (Rochester, Vermont: Destiny Books, 1999), 242-247.
[469] Bryant, New System, vol. 3, 56-57.
[470] Ibid., 57.
[471] Ibid., 57-58.
[472] Lord Raglan, The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth, and Drama (Mineola, New York: Dover, 2003), 34-35.
[473] City of God 7.33, translated by Marcus Dods.
[474] Seneca, Hercules Furens 558ff.: “He [Pluto] who as king lords it o’er countless peoples, what time thou wast making war on Pylos, Nestor’s land, brought to combat with thee his plague-dealing hands, brandishing his three-forked spear, yet fled away, with but a slight wound smitten, and, though lord of death, feared he would die.” (Translated by Frank Justus Miller.)
[475] Institutio monialis, caput. 11, quoted and translated by Darley Dale, “Flowers from Liturgica Historica,” American Catholic Quarterly Review 44 (1919): 104.
[476] Francis Marion Crawford, Gleanings from Venetian History (London: Macmillan, 1907), 461.
[477] “Gott behüte mich vor Gäbelchen.” Although this quotation is widely reported in German literature, I have not been able to verify the source for this statement. The German literature refers only to secondary sources, primarily from the 1970s-1990s. There is no evidence the quotation existed prior to then.
[478] Isaac D’Israeli, “Of Domestic Novelties at First Condemned,” Miscellanies of Literature, vol. 1 (New York: J. & H. G. Langley, 1841), 85.
[479] Carolin Young, “Catherine D’Medici’s Fork,” Authenticity in the Kitchen, Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2005, ed. Richard Hosking (Prospect Books, 2006), 441-453.
[480] “A Fork,” The Spectator, reprinted in The Living Age, November 30, 1850, 429.
&nb
sp; [481] Ernst Shubert, Essen und Trinken im Mittelalter (Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchges, 2006), 257.
[482] Review of Atlantis: The Antediluvian World by Ignatius Donnelly, Nature 26 (1882): 341.
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