by Cary McNeal
304. http://list25.com/25-of-humanitys-most-brutal-methods-of-execution.
305. Ibid.
306. Jean Kellaway, The History of Torture and Execution: From Early Civilization Through Medieval Times to the Present (Globe Pequot, 2002).
307. www.trutv.com/library/crime/photogallery/cruel-and-unusual-punishment.html.
308. Kenneth Allen, The Story of Gunpowder (Wayland, 1973).
309. www.thefreedictionary.com/gibbeting.
310. www.medievalwarfare.info/torture.htm#gibbet.
311. www.trutv.com/library/crime/photogallery/cruel-and-unusual-punishment.html.
312. http://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/10-medieval-torture-devices1.htm.
313. http://listverse.com/2007/09/12/top-10-gruesome-methods-of-execution.
314. www.trutv.com/library/crime/photogallery/cruel-and-unusual-punishment.html.
315. www.tortureamsterdam.com/textpage/index/10.
316. www.medievalwarfare.info/torture.htm#judas.
317. Ibid.
318. Ibid.
319. Ibid.
320. www.trutv.com/library/crime/index.html.
321. http://www.crimelibrary.com/photogallery/cruel-and-unusual-punishment.html.
322. www.medievalwarfare.info/torture.htm#thumbscrews.
323. http://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/10-medieval-torture-devices10.htm.
324. Ibid.
325. www.medievality.com/the-rack-torture.html.
326. Ibid.
327. www.medievality.com/flaying-torture.html.
328. Ibid.
329. http://listverse.com/2010/07/18/10-additional-gruesome-torture-devices.
330. www.medievality.com/spanish-spider.html.
331. Christine Mason Sutherland and Rebecca Jane Sutcliffe, The Changing Tradition: Women in the History of Rhetoric (University of Calgary Press, 1999).
332. Ibid.
333. www.medievality.com/toe-wedging.html.
334. Ibid.
335. www.medievality.com/copper-boot.html.
336. Ibid.
337. www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/most-horrific-russian-torture-devices/8850?image=3; http://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/10-medieval-torture-devices1.htm.
338. www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/most-horrific-russian-torture-devices/8850?image=3; http://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/10-medieval-torture-devices1.htm.
339. http://www.medievality.com/street-sweepers-daughter.html.
9. PUBLIC BATHROOMS
340. http://news.cnet.com/8301-17852_3-20081595-71/study-19-percent-of-people-drop-phones-down-toilet.
341. www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/10/03/bathroom.hygiene.
342. Ibid.
343. www.huffingtonpost.com/uloop/public-restroom_b_1389988.html.
344. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/WolfFiles/story?id=93103.
345. Ibid.
346. www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=pitfalls-of-inventing-a-better-toilet&page=2.
347. http://news.cnet.com/8301-17852_3-20028100-71.html.
348. www.medieval-castles.net/castle_architecture/garderobes.htm.
349. www.buzzfeed.com/briangalindo/15-truly-bizarre-facts-about-ancient-rome.
350. www.businessinsider.com/absurd-laws-of-singapore-2012-6.
351. Ibid.
352. www.today.com/id/21423163/ns/today-today_health/t/soap-germiest-places-your-life/#.UrNvE41RbPM.
353. www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/20/cocaine-found-baby-changing-tables_n_1160176.html.
354. mentalfloss.com/article/23210/toilet-paper-history-how-america-convinced-world-wipe.
355. www.nytimes.com/1998/08/21/nyregion/guilty-plea-by-mother-20-in-prom-death.html?pagewanted=all.
356. www.snopes.com/military/pentagonbathrooms.asp.
357. www.webmd.com/balance/features/what-can-you-catch-in-restrooms.
358. Ibid.
359. Ibid.
360. Ibid.
361. Ibid.
362. http://listverse.com/2009/09/04/top-15-facts-you-probably-dont-know.
10. LIES, LIARS, AND FRAUDS
363. http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/12/06/liar-liar-nose-on-fire.
364. www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2010/12/people-lie-way-manage-modern-communications.
365. www.onthemedia.org/story/131287-the-face-never-lies/transcript.
366. Ibid.
367. www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/when-do-we-lie-when-were-short-on-time-and-long-on-reasons.html.
368. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/story/2012-08-04/honesty-beneficial-to-health/56782648/1.
369. Ibid.
370. www.businessinsider.com/these-subsets-of-americans-are-most-likely-to-lie-on-their-resumes-2012-5.
371. http://chronicle.com/blogs/percolator/the-trustworthiness-of-beards/22581.
372. www.legalaffairs.org/issues/November-December-2002/review_koerner_novdec2002.msp.
373. www.livescience.com/10574-robots-learn-lie.html.
374. www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rosie-ruiz-fakes-boston-marathon-win.
375. Ibid.
376. http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/2012/08/the-smoothest-con-man-that-ever-lived.
377. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1900621_1900618_1900620,00.html.
378. www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/myths_legends/england/bristol/article_1.shtml.
379. www.slate.com/articles/arts/tangled_web/2002/10/the_nigerian_nightmare.html.
380. www.nytimes.com/2004/02/27/nyregion/27BUTT.html?ex=1393218000.
381. http://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/hoaxes/beringer.html.
382. www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/scams/frank_abagnale/index.html.
383. Ibid.
384. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1931133_1931132_1931123,00.html.
385. www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/medical-fraud-revealed-in-discredited-vaccine-autism-study/article621543.
386. www.neatorama.com/2006/09/19/10scientific-frauds-that-rocked-the-world/#!rqSLs.
387. www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/the_cardiff_giant.
388. www.neatorama.com/2006/09/19/10scientific-frauds-that-rocked-the-world/#!rqSLs.
389. www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/archaeology/piltdown_man_01.shtml.
390. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/columns/story?id=2039471.
391. Ibid.
392. http://money.cnn.com/2009/04/24/news/newsmakers/madoff.fortune.
393. www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124208012.
394. www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2012/06/ohios_amish_bernie_madoff_gets.html.
395. www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/albania.htm.
396. www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/In-Ponzi-We-Trust.html.
397. www.today.com/id/23473811#.UsoVwvZRbPM.
11. BIRTH CONTROL
398. Autumn Stanley, Mothers and Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology (Rutgers University Press, 1995).
399. Vern LeRoy Bullough and Bonnie Bullough, eds., Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia (Routledge, 1994).
400. http://catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0663.html.
401. www.afn.org/~afn32612/Contraception.htm.
402. www.health.com/health/gallery/0,20306647_4,00.html.
403. Ibid.
404. http://en.bab.la/dictionary/german-english/antibabypille.
405. http://guildofscientifictroubadours.com/2007/07/21/baboon-birth-control.
406. www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52188.
407. Ibid.
408. Ibid.
&n
bsp; 409. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1983970,00.html.
410. http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2013/09/27/the-secret-of-vintage-lysol-douche-ads.
411. www.abc.net.au/news/2003-08-13/toronto-museum-explores-history-of-contraceptives/1463884.
412. Ibid.
413. www.plannedparenthood.org/resources/research-papers/history-birth-control-methods-26784.htm.
414. www.nytimes.com/1994/03/08/science/in-ancient-times-flowers-and-fennel-for-family-planning.html.
415. Ibid.
416. www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/themes/birthanddeath/condom.aspx.
417. Ibid.
12. MENTAL MONARCHS
418. www.biography.com/people/caligula-9235253.
419. Ibid.
420. Frank N. Magill, The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography, vol. 1 (Routledge, 2003).
421. www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/caligula.html.
422. www.biography.com/people/caligula-9235253.
423. www.livescience.com/40277-emperor-nero-facts.html.
424. www.biography.com/people/nero-9421713.
425. Michael Farquhar, A Treasury of Royal Scandals (Penguin, 2001).
426. Ibid.
427. Ibid.
428. Vasily Rudich, Political Dissidence under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation (Psychology Press, 1993).
429. Michael Farquhar, A Treasury of Royal Scandals (Penguin, 2001).
430. www.biography.com/people/nero-9421713.
431. Michael Farquhar, A Treasury of Royal Scandals (Penguin, 2001).
432. www.cracked.com/article_20170_the-5-most-hilariously-insane-rulers-all-time.html.
433. Ibid.
434. Francesca Gould, Why You Shouldn’t Eat Your Boogers and Other Useless Information about Your Body (Tarcher/Penguin, 2007).
435. http://mentalfloss.com/article/12508/11-monarchs-who-went-insane.
436. Francesca Gould, Why You Shouldn’t Eat Your Boogers and Other Useless Information about Your Body (Tarcher/Penguin, 2007).
437. Ibid.
438. http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/henry-viii-blood-disorder-110311.htm.
439. Ibid.
440. http://www.biography.com/people/ivan-the-terrible-9350679.
441. Ibid.
442. http://europeanhistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa042701b.htm.
443. www.biography.com/people/ivan-the-terrible-9350679.
444. Ibid.
445. http://mentalfloss.com/article/12508/11-monarchs-who-went-insane.
446. Ibid.
447. Ulf Johansson, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Sweden (Penguin, 2011).
448. http://mentalfloss.com/article/12508/11-monarchs-who-went-insane.
449. Ibid.
450. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2030145_2030165_2030173,00.html.
451. Ibid.
452. www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Spring10/king.cfm.
453. Ibid.
454. Michael Farquhar, A Treasury of Royal Scandals (Penguin, 2001).
455. www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Spring10/king.cfm.
456. Michael Farquhar, A Treasury of Royal Scandals (Penguin, 2001).
457. www.cracked.com/article_20170_the-5-most-hilariously-insane-rulers-all-time.html.
458. Ibid.
459. http://mentalfloss.com/article/12508/11-monarchs-who-went-insane.
460. Ibid.
461. Ibid.
462. www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2011/06/the-125th-anniversary-of-the-death-of-king-ludwig-ii/100085.
463. Ibid.
464. Francesca Gould, Why You Shouldn’t Eat Your Boogers and Other Useless Information about Your Body (Tarcher/Penguin, 2007).
465. www.cracked.com/article_20170_the-5-most-hilariously-insane-rulers-all-time.html.
466. David Hebditch and Ken Connor, How to Stage a Military Coup: From Planning to Execution (Skyhorse Publishing, 2009).
467. www.cracked.com/article_20170_the-5-most-hilariously-insane-rulers-all-time.html.
468. Ibid.
13. CREEPY CRAWLIES
469. www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/.
470. Ibid.
471. Ibid.
472. Francesca Gould, Why You Shouldn’t Eat Your Boogers and Other Useless Information about Your Body (Tarcher/Penguin, 2007).
473. Ibid.
474. www.orkin.com/cockroaches.
475. Ibid.
476. www.pestworldforkids.org/pest-guide/cockroaches.
477. www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs.
478. Ibid.
479. www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm.
480. www.medicinenet.com/objects_or_insects_in_ear/article.htm#objects_or_insects_in_ear_overview.
481. http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/uk/newsid_3109000/3109536.stm.
482. Francesca Gould, Why You Shouldn’t Eat Your Boogers and Other Useless Information about Your Body (Tarcher/Penguin, 2007).
483. Ibid.
484. Ibid.
485. www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria.
486. www.webmd.com/brain/brain-eating-amoeba.
487. Ibid.
488. www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria.
489. Ibid.
490. http://science.discovery.com/creatures/10-bizarre-rat-facts.htm.
491. Ibid.
492. www.ratbehavior.org/WhatIsMyRatDoingFAQ.htm#Infanticide.
493. http://science.discovery.com/creatures/10-bizarre-rat-facts.htm.
494. www.ratbehavior.org/Teeth.htm.
495. http://science.discovery.com/creatures/10-bizarre-rat-facts.htm.
496. Ibid.
497. www.afrma.org/brdstf_inbreeding.htm.
14. COLOSSAL BLUNDERS
498. www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106637066.
499. http://consumerist.com/2007/05/07/new-jersey-comcast-shows-porn-instead-of-disney-channel.
500. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/coldwar/shatter031598a.htm.
501. http://skywalk.kansascity.com/articles/20-years-later-fatal-disaster-remains-impossible-forget.
502. www.nps.gov/linc/historyculture/lincoln-memorial-myths.htm.
503. www.nytimes.com/1987/06/11/us/after-3-centuries-a-student-figures-that-newton-erred.html.
504. www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2010/11/1110mars-climate-observer-report.
505. www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-chicagodays-eastlanddisaster-story,0,5718377.story.
506. www.americanheritage.com/content/calumet-tragedy.
507. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-02-17-florida-reef_x.htm.
508. www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/a-quarter-century-after-chernobyl-radioactive-boar-on-the-rise-in-germany-a-709345.html.
509. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19710730-1.
510. http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1578074,00.html.
511. http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-27/news/mn-630_1_sewer-system.
512. www.cbc.ca/halifaxexplosion/he2_ruins/he2_ruins_explosion.html.
513. www.wsdot.wa.gov/tnbhistory/default.htm.
15. PARENTING: YOU’RE DOING IT WRONG
514. www.whsv.com/news/headlines/Mother-Responds-to-Controversy-After-Son-Dresses-as-Klansman-for-Halloween—230306501.html.
515. www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2491454/Mom-arrested-letting-year-old-drive-year-old-passenger.html.
516. http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2013/10/21/two-arrested-in-brawl-over-prize-tickets-at-chuck-e-cheese.
517. www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Charge-Dad-tried-to-kill-son-4-with-heroin-on-4852931.php.
518. www.reviewjournal.com/news/crime-courts/mom-behind-payments-when-11-year-old-set-fi
re-minivan.
519. www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/03/breastfeeding-on-moped_n_3860757.html.
520. www.cnn.com/2013/12/11/us/texas-teen-dwi-wreck.
521. http://157.166.224.196/documents/mother-daughter-take-topless-photo-675423.
522. http://157.166.224.196/buster/mom-encourages-daughters-fight-874312.
523. http://157.166.224.196/buster/mom-bites-daughters-breast-678543.
524. http://157.166.255.196/documents/grandma-steals-teachers-wallet-786543.
525. http://seattle.cbslocal.com/2013/04/01/easter-egg-hunt-at-seattle-zoo-turns-violent.
526. www.parenting.com/blogs/show-and-tell/elina-parenting/ugly-baby.
527. www.parenting.com/blogs/show-and-tell/elina-parenting/mother-gives-toddler-beer.
528. www.crimelibrary.com/blog/2013/10/03/police-baby-sitting-grandma-got-drunk-in-street-tried-to-give-away-grandchild/index.html.
529. www.cbsnews.com/news/okla-woman-tries-to-sell-children-on-facebook-to-get-bail-money-for-boyfriend-police-say.
530. www.parenting.com/blogs/show-and-tell/filip-parentingcom/deadbeat.
16. AMUSEMENT PARK ACCIDENTS
531. http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/01/17988578-amusement-rides-hurt-4400-kids-a-year-large-study-finds?lite.
532. Ibid.
533. Virginia Sole-Smith, “Roller Coaster Roulette,” Good Housekeeping, June 2008, pp. 146–203.
534. http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/01/17988578-amusement-rides-hurt-4400-kids-a-year-large-study-finds?lite.
535. Ibid.
536. Virginia Sole-Smith, “Roller Coaster Roulette,” Good Housekeeping, June 2008, pp. 146–203.
537. Ibid.
538. www.iaapa.org/safety-and-advocacy/safety/amusement-ride-safety/regulations-standards.
539. Ibid.
540. Marc Silver, Sara Hammel, Linda Kulman, Marissa Melton, Holly J. Morris, Joellen Posey, Kenneth Terrell, and Mike Tharp, “Fatal Attractions,” U.S. News & World Report, September 13, 1999, p. 56.
541. Ibid.
542. Ibid.
543. www.macleans.ca/news/world/death-on-a-roller-coaster.
544. Marc Silver, Sara Hammel, Linda Kulman, Marissa Melton, Holly J. Morris, Joellen Posey, Kenneth Terrell, and Mike Tharp, “Fatal Attractions,” U.S. News & World Report, September 13, 1999, p. 56.
545. www.rideaccidents.com.
546. Virginia Sole-Smith, “Roller Coaster Roulette,” Good Housekeeping, June 2008, pp. 146–203; http://www.ocregister.com/news/changes-143726-disneyland-orange.html.