Hitlerland

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Hitlerland Page 43

by Andrew Nagorski


  208 “I could feel”: Hanfstaengl, Hitler, 129.

  208 “No!” and other quotes from Hanfstaengl: interviewed by Toland, Library of Congress.

  208 “It would be reasonable”: Hanfstaengl, 170.

  208 “one of my most bitter”: Wiegand memo, Karl von Wiegand Papers, box 30, Hoover.

  209 “probably likes to”: Ibid., box 14, Hoover.

  209 “an immense, high-strung”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 17.

  209 “I wonder why” and rest of Hanfstaengl-Fromm exchange: Fromm, 163.

  210 “no discourtesy of any kind” and rest of this description of Hanfstaengl arrival controversy: “Reunion: Hanfstaengl’s Arrival Greeted by 3,000 Students,” Newsweek, June 23, 1934.

  210 Benjamin Halpern letter and Crimson editorial: Conradi, Hitler’s Piano Player, 145.

  210 “There you are”: Hanfstaengl, 223.

  211 “I see America”: Ibid., 222.

  211 “It was really like”: Ibid., 250.

  211 “the demon”: Ibid., 213.

  211 “Putz hastily”: Katharine Smith’s unpublished memoir.

  212 “to play that”: Hanfstaengl, 265.

  212 “Yes, he was extraordinary” and rest of Helen’s account: Niemeyer tape, Toland Collection, Library of Congress.

  213 Putzi began smuggling and claims about helping others: Hanfstaengl, 274.

  213 According to Putzi’s and subsequent events of purported plot against him: Ibid., 276–284.

  214 “a harmless joke”: Conradi, 209.

  214 “an elaborate hoax”: David George Marwell, “Unwonted Exile: A Biography of Ernst ‘Putzi’ Hanfstaengl,” Ph.D. dissertation, 13; and Marwell interviewed by author (2011).

  214 Back in Berlin and rest of Lochner’s account of tracking down Hanfstaengl: Lochner, Always the Unexpected, 184–186.

  215 “I certainly would not”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 119.

  215 “What in the world is the use”: Dallek, Democrat and Diplomat, 271.

  216 “telegram deficiency”: Ibid., 272–273.

  216 “a historian of” and other Smith quotes: Hessen, ed., 79.

  216 “I have seldom”: Katharine Smith’s unpublished memoir.

  217 “four years’ service”: Dallek, 295.

  217 “In Berlin once more”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 430.

  217 “There were and are still”: Ibid., 445.

  217 “Hitler intends to”: Dallek, 332.

  217 “The Russians of”: Martha Dodd, 343.

  218 “Martha argues that”: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—the Stalin Era, 52.

  218 “frankly expressed”: Ibid., 53.

  218 “we have agreed” and subsequent encounter with Slutsky, and Martha’s statement: Ibid., 55–56.

  219 “Boris, dear!”: Ibid., 61.

  CHAPTER NINE: “UNIFORMS AND GUNS”

  PAGE

  220 “whether it was” and other quotes from Smith: Howard K. Smith, Last Train from Berlin, 4–16.

  222 Like many wealthy undergraduates and quotes from JFK’s diary: Lubrich, ed., Travels in the Reich, 159–161.

  223 “The trip up the Rhine” and rest of diary entries along with letter from German engineer to Randolph: Rebecca McBride, “Europe 1938: Travel Diary of John F. Randolph Annotated by His Daughter,” Leo Baeck Institute Archives.

  224 “I simply draped”: Howard K. Smith, 26–27.

  225 “Murrow, Columbia Broadcasting” and Shirer about Murrow: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 79–80.

  226 “Personally, they have not” and other reflections on Berlin experiences: Ibid., 83–87.

  226 “The worst has happened”: Ibid., 95.

  227 “plays nicely”: Ibid., 90.

  227 “a shouting, hysterical”: Ibid., 97.

  227 “What’s that”: Ibid., 100.

  227 “Well, meine Damen” and rest of café scene: Ibid., 101.

  227 “Where did” and flights: Ibid., 103.

  228 “This morning when”: William L. Shirer, “This Is Berlin”: Radio Broadcasts from Nazi Germany, 14.

  228 “entanglements” and Hoover visit to Germany: Gary Dean Best, Herbert Hoover: The Postpresidential Years, 1933–1964, Vol. I, 1933–1945, 103.

  228 “that Hitler was” and other Arentz quotes: Oral history interview of Samuel S. Arentz by Raymond Henle, Oct. 5, 1966, Herbert Hoover Oral History Program, box 2, Hoover. Additional details on Hoover-Hitler meeting, from Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 253–256.

  229 Greeted by: Richard Norton Smith, 255–256.

  229 “Yes, that’s” and discussion of Russia: Arentz interviewed by Henle.

  229 “many menaces”: Best, 103.

  229 “have all the hideous”: Ibid., 104.

  230 “a longer period” and other Jacob Beam quotes: Jacob Beam’s unpublished manuscript with no title page (courtesy of Alex Beam).

  231 The daughter of and rest of background of Muriel White: “American Countess Menaced with Bomb,” New York Times, Jan. 16, 1911.

  231 “Foreign women” and American Women’s Club: Sigrid Schultz, Germany Will Try It Again, 137.

  231 “commanded a hysterical”: Ibid., 135–136.

  232 “the great improvement” and other Dilling quotes about Nazi Germany: Glen Jeansonne, Women of the Far Right: The Mothers’ Movement and World War II, 13.

  232 Schultz recalled seeing Dilling and exchange with young American woman and Hoffmann quote: Schultz, 136.

  236 “the principal impression” and other quotes from March 3, 1938, letter: Hugh R. Wilson, Jr., A Career Diplomat, The Third Chapter: The Third Reich, 18–21.

  236 “in the sense of”: Ibid., 21–22.

  236 “One may judge”: Ibid., 63.

  237 “the smoke and dust” and rest of letter to Hull: Ibid., 22–26.

  237 “confess that their hearts”: Ibid., 26.

  237 “of bringing our people” and Wilson’s response: Ibid., 28.

  237 “an attempt to work out”: Ibid., 37.

  237 And he worried: Ibid., 38.

  237 “Twenty years ago”: Ibid., 39.

  238 Among Beam’s acquaintances: Beam’s unpublished manuscript; and John V. H. Dippel, Two Against Hitler: Stealing the Nazis’ Best-Kept Secrets, which offers an extensive account of Respondek’s role. Information about Beam’s encounter with Respondek and Muckermann, along with their background information, is drawn from both of these accounts.

  240 “We had watched”: Erich von Manstein, Lost Victories, 23–24.

  240 “the spontaneous outburst”: Wilson, A Career Diplomat, 51.

  240 “stout piece of work”: Beam, unpublished manuscript.

  240 “I do think”: Nancy Harvison Hooker, ed., The Moffat Papers: Selections from the Diplomatic Journals of Jay Pierrepont Moffat, 1919–1943, 217.

  240 “completely different” and rest of Beam’s observations: Beam, unpublished manuscript.

  241 “He’s still got”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 142.

  241 “For if they do”: Ibid., 135.

  241 “a curious commentary” and rest of September 30 entries: Ibid., 144–145.

  241 Angus Thuermer: quotes and information from Thuermer interviewed by author (2009) and Thuermer’s unpublished manuscript “What to Do if Your Moustache Falls Off.”

  244 Charles Thayer and his account: Charles W. Thayer, The Unquiet Germans, 161–163.

  245 Phillips Talbot and his account: Phillips Talbot letter of Dec. 27, 1938 (courtesy of Talbot and the Holocaust Museum); and Talbot interviewed by author (2009).

  245 In a letter to: Wilson, A Career Diplomat, 60.

  246 “It was suggested”: Albert C. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, 50.

  247 “tall and handsome”: Katharine Smith’s unpublished memoir, Truman Smith Papers, boxes 4 and 6, Hoover.

  247 Kätchen Smith: Kätchen interviewed by author (2010).

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47 “out-going, hard-working” and “I hope she is not”: Katharine Smith memoir, Truman Smith Papers, boxes 4 and 6, Hoover.

  247 147-page report and all quotations from report: Albert C. Wedemeyer Papers, box 6, folder 35, Hoover.

  248 “German methods”: Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, 50.

  248 “outstanding as”: Ibid., 52.

  248 “One of the”: Ibid., 53.

  249 “But assuredly”: Ibid., 60.

  249 “subtly revealed” and “There would be” and “not always discreet”: Ibid., 56–57.

  249 “stolid, not overly” to “at all times friendly”: Ibid., 54.

  249 “Heil Hitler”: Ibid., 37.

  250 “… however greatly”: Ibid., 11.

  250 “Beneath the propaganda”: Ibid., 10.

  250 “It was Al”: Katharine Smith memoir, Truman Smith Papers, boxes 4 and 6, Hoover.

  250 “I like to think”: Wedemeyer, 60.

  250 “I had been disillusioned”: Ibid., 61.

  251 “When I reported” to “I don’t want to sound like”: Memorandum to Colonel Eiler, Albert C. Wedemeyer Papers, box 6, folder 35, Hoover.

  252 “A brief calendar”: Mowrer, Germany Puts the Clock Back, 250.

  252 “an awesome sight”: Beam, unpublished manuscript.

  252 “many methods” and budget request: Manfred Jonas, The United States and Germany: A Diplomatic History, 233.

  252 “his eyes aglow”: Hooker, ed., 232.

  252 “George, I wonder” and rest of Messersmith-Moffat exchange: Jesse H. Stiller, George S. Messersmith: Diplomat of Democracy, 135.

  253 On April 14: Jonas, 234.

  253 “could advantageously bend”: Hooker, ed., 220.

  254 “the undisputed dean” and other quotes from Cosmopolitan, April and May 1939 issues: Wiegand Papers, box 31, Hoover.

  CHAPTER TEN: “ON OUR ISLAND”

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  256 “I sat for four hours” and other Lochner quotes from letters: “Round Robins from Berlin,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.

  257 The reports by Truman Smith: Joseph C. Harsch, Pattern of Conquest, 41.

  257 By early summer: Hooker, ed., The Moffat Papers, 251.

  257 “Optimistic Poles”: H. R. Knickerbocker, Is Tomorrow Hitler’s? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind, 29.

  257 “The Polish ambassador”: Hooker, ed., 249.

  258 “the death of”: John Gunther, Inside Europe, xxviii.

  258 “There is a chance”: Ibid., xxii.

  258 “John fairly optimistic”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 170.

  258 “looked clean” and exchange with Captain D: Ibid., 171.

  259 “How completely isolated,” German headlines, “For perverse” and “Struck by”: Ibid., 172–173.

  259 “completely Nazified”: Ibid., 174.

  259 “this powder-keg” and rest of Gdynia broadcast: Shirer, “This Is Berlin,” 53.

  259 “We’re ready” and Warsaw visit entries: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 176–178.

  260 “bombshell” and “There is no doubt” and odds of war: Hooker, ed., 250–251.

  260 “It goes much further” and scene in Die Taverne: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 180–181.

  261 “The people in the streets”: Ibid., 183.

  261 “From about the middle” and other Beam recollections: Beam, unpublished manuscript.

  262 “something was going to” and rest of Thuermer account: Thuermer interviewed by author (2009).

  263 “The excitement of” and rest of William Russell’s account of August 31: William Russell, Berlin Embassy, 5–29.

  265 Józef Lipski and his story: Beam, unpublished memoir.

  265 “I have once more”: Ibid.

  265 “a curious strain” and rest of Shirer’s account of Sept. 1–2: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 197–199.

  266 “ After, say, about 1 A.M. ”: Shirer, “This Is Berlin,” 71.

  266 “One expected”: Russell, 31.

  266 “The people I have met”: Ibid., 33–34.

  267 “It begins to” and rest of Shirer’s initial war diary entries: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 204–207.

  267 “The war is raging”: Russell, 38.

  267 “Drove all day” and rest of Shirer account of Baltic coast fighting: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 212–214.

  268 Joseph Grigg and his account, including Hitler at Warsaw airport: Frederick Oechsner, This Is the Enemy, 143–151.

  268 The AP’s Lochner and stories from Poland: Louis Lochner, What About Germany?, 124–125.

  269 “that Germany is invincible” and “I hope”: Russell, 51.

  269 “follow me blindly” and exchange with maid: Schultz, Germany Will Try It Again, 186–187.

  270 “squeals and shouts” and rest of reactions to newsreels and massacres: Ibid., 187–189.

  270 “Now go to Berlin,” getting to Berlin and early days there: Joseph C. Harsch, At the Hinge of History, A Reporter’s Story, 38–43.

  272 “pretty awful” and “I was an American”: Hottelet interviewed by author (2009).

  272 “The troops seemed”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 234.

  272 “in the vain hope”: Russell, 128.

  273 “the hope of” and “It is better”: Otto D. Tolischus, They Wanted War, 199.

  273 “One Breslau daily” and rest of Oct. 8 letter: Louis Lochner, “Round Robins from Berlin,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.

  273 “In the darkness”: Russell, 53.

  273 “the groping”: George F. Kennan, Memoirs: 1925–1950, 107.

  274 “Shan’t we go” and rest of encounter with streetwalker: Ibid., 109–112.

  274 At the Soviet Embassy’s and exchange between American correspondents and Goering: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 245–246.

  275 According to the joke: Harsch, Pattern of Conquest, 59.

  275 Russell estimated: Russell, 75.

  275 “If the United States”: Ibid., 90–91.

  275 “It was hard”: Kennan, 112.

  276 “the most intelligent”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 284.

  276 “isolated on our island”: Russell, 84.

  276 goods displayed : Ibid., 101.

  276 “A hundred or so” and Oechsner dinner: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 252.

  277 “embarrassingly large” and follow-up: Russell, 49–50.

  277 In January 1940: Ibid., 128.

  277 “unmistakable inner detachment”: Kennan, 108–109.

  277 “But here Germany was”: Russell, 129.

  278 two tin bathtubs: Ibid., 131–132.

  278 “I never expected” and rest of Jane Dyer episode: Ibid., 142.

  CHAPTER ELEVEN: FEEDING THE SQUIRRELS

  PAGE

  279 “We had not” and rest of Russell departure from Germany: Russell, 203–208.

  280 “The last thing”: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 47.

  281 “Only one thing”: Sumner Welles, The Time for Decision, 77.

  281 Arriving on the morning and rest of Welles visit: Ibid., 90–109.

  283 “my uncompromising” and account of Mooney mission: Lochner, Always the Unexpected, 262–272.

  284 “I was stunned”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 312.

  284 “I never dreamed”: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 48.

  284 Broadcasting from Berlin: Shirer, “This Is Berlin,” 246–247.

  284 “Hitler is sowing”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 317.

  285 “the German steamroller”: Ibid., 335.

  285 “It’s been dream” and other Lochner quotes from Belgium: Lochner, “The Blitzkrieg in Belgium: A Newsman’s Eyewitness Account,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.

  285 “the behavior of”: Shirer, “This Is Berlin,” 289.

  285 “houses smashed”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 353–354.

  286 “But eyeing” and exchange with German nun: Ibid., 360.

  286 He and two other reporters and account of tensions among American correspondents: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 45.


  286 “Some of the correspondents”: Henry W. Flannery, Assignment to Berlin, 41.

  287 “when he has forced” and “Every German soldier”: Lochner, “The Blitzkrieg in Belgium.”

  287 “A most discouraging”: Beam, unpublished manuscript.

  287 “France did not fight”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 434.

  288 “He folded his arms” and rest of Hitler at Napoleon’s tomb: Pierre J. Huss, The Foe We Face, 210–212.

  289 “It was Hitler triumphant” and rest of July 19 event, including Kirk’s reaction: Harsch, At the Hinge of History, 49–50.

  289 “The little groups”: Harsch, Pattern of Conquest, 53–54.

  290 “The loot of”: Ibid., 45–46.

  290 “These Germans”: Ibid., 46–47.

  290 “a violent anti-Nazi” and rest of Schultz’s observations on German women: Schultz, Germany Will Try It Again, 143–146.

  291 “books and magazines”: Flannery, 115.

  291 “The word illegitimate ”: Ibid., 114.

  292 “their murder of” and “After weeks of”: Ibid., 110–111.

  292 “I was one of”: Ibid., 13.

  293 “human interest” and other Delaney quotes: Edward L. Delaney, Five Decades Before Dawn, 58.

  293 “wanton, premeditated”: Ibid., 85.

  293 “He has a diseased” and other Shirer remarks about Americans working for German radio: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 528–529.

  294 “swept by” and “hiking club” episode: John Carver Edwards, Berlin Calling: American Broadcasters in Service to the Third Reich, 8–9.

  294 On June 25, 1933: Postcard from and clippings about Frederick Kaltenbach, Frederick W. Kaltenbach Papers, box 1, Hoover.

  294 “Dear Harry”: Edwards, 11.

  294 “Roosevelt, himself an off-spring”: Horst J. P. Bergmeier and Rainer E. Lotz, Hitler’s Airwaves: The Inside Story of Nazi Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda Swing, 61.

  295 “nervous breakdown” and other Katharine Smith quotes about Chandler: Katharine Smith’s memoir in Truman Smith Papers, boxes 4 and 16, Hoover.

  295 “ponytails and dirndls”: Kätchen Coley interviewed by author.

  295 Delaney, Kaltenbach and Chandler along with details of their fates: Bergmeier and Lotz, 45–64.

  296 “a beginner” and details of Mildred’s applications: Brysac, Resisting Hitler, 258.

 

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