King’s Business, 144–45, 148, 150–51, 153–57, 160, 209, 218
Klopsch, Louis, 84
Knox College, 28, 31
Koop, C. Everett, 245
Krutch, Joseph Wood, 3
Kuhn, Thomas, 214–15, 256
Ku Klux Klan, 189, 191
Kuyper, Abraham, 115
L’Abri Fellowship, 245, 328n.52
LaHaye, Beverly, 234, 246
LaHaye, Tim, 234, 245–46, 249
Lake, Kirsopp, 206
Landmark Baptists, 103
Lane Theological Seminary, 27
The Late Great Planet Earth (Lindsey), 248
law, role of, 86–87
Laws, Curtis Lee, 107–8, 142, 159, 165, 168–69, 172, 237
League for the Preservation of American Independence, 155
League of Nations, 154–56
Left Behind series (LaHaye and Jenkins), 249
Lewis, Sinclair, 185, 188–89
liberalism, theological, 22, 24–25, 33, 54, 63, 91, 96, 98, 126–27, 141, 233, 244, 256–57, 265n.20; attacked in The Fundamentals, 118–21; attacks on fundamentalism, 166, 171; and denominational controversies before World War I, 102–8; Machen’s critique of, 174–75; and postmillennialism, 48–51; social status, 202; and World War I, 145–48. See also modernism
Lindsey, Hal, 248, 269n.11
Lippmann, Walter, 3, 191
Locke, John, 14, 56
Lovelace, Richard, 259
Lummis, Jerry, 61
Lutherans, 194–95, 239, 321n.17
MacArthur, Robert Stuart, 107
Macartney, Clarence E., 173–74, 181, 192, 303n.59
McAuley, Jerry, 81
McCartney, Bill, 253
McCosh, James, 18–20
McGee, J. Vernon, 238
McGiffert, Arthur Cushman, 50, 117
Machen, J. Gresham, 4, 5, 137–38, 174–77, 183, 191, 194, 216–17, 218, 237, 245, 317n.10
McIntire, Carl, 210, 232, 245, 297n.31, 312n.19
McKee, William, 202–3
McKinley, William, 21
McPherson, Aimee Semple, 94
McQuilkin, Robert, 96
Mahan, Asa, 74–75, 77, 79, 87
Manning, William T., 178
Marsden, Robert S., 315n.20
Marxism, view of history, 64–65. See also communism, views toward
Masons, sentiment against, 13, 29, 31, 207, 266n.34
Massee, J. C., 160, 167, 172, 181–82, 193, 237
materialism, 133–34, 254
Matthews, Shailer, 105, 147, 176–77, 180, 185
Mauro, Philip, 121, 125
Meacham, H. C., 190
Men and Religion Forward Movement, 133
Mencken, H. L., 3, 176, 187–88
Mennonites, 195, 321n.17
Methodists, 44, 46, 72–74, 99, 104, 118, 127, 156, 194, 225, 228, 243, 269n.9; Southern Methodists, 103, 178–79, 288n.3. See also Holiness teachings
Meyer, F. B., 95, 279n.36
Meyer, Louis, 118
middle class and evangelicalism and fundamentalism, 13, 21, 22–23, 29, 33, 37–38, 85, 91–93, 96, 202–4, 284n.22, 314n.19
militancy, doctrinal, 4, 29–30, 38, 43–44, 80, 92, 101, 102–3, 141, 156–58, 159, 164–84, 205, 225, 228, 252, 261n.4 and passim
military, evangelicals and, 240, 251
millennialism. See cf. Bible teachers and evangelists, movement of; dispensational premillennialism; premillennialism
millennium, 28, 49–50, 51–52, 89, 101, 270n.4. See also dispensational premillennialism; postmillennialism
miracles, 117, 121, 171 and passim
missions, 11, 35, 68–70, 73, 78, 97–98, 106, 120, 138, 165–68, 181–82, 192, 193, 221, 233, 253
Missouri Synod Lutherans, 195, 239
Mitchell, Hinkley G., 104
moderates, 106–7, 122–23, 141, 180–81, 216–17
modernism, 3–4, 105, 240, 250, 255; defenses of, 175–77, 185; definition of, 146. See also liberalism, theological
Mohammedanism. See Islam
Moody, Dwight L., 6, 7, 30–39, 43, 46, 48, 62, 72, 73, 77–78, 81, 83, 85, 90–91, 93, 95, 120, 131, 132, 181, 222, 228, 232, 267nn.7, 11, 268nn.18–19, 28. See also premillennialism
Moody Bible Institute, 31, 35, 89, 95, 129–32, 138, 145–46
Moody Church (Chicago), 31, 95
Moody Monthly, 209, 217–18. See also Christian Workers Magazine; Institute Tie
morality, views of, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 31, 35–37, 66–68, 73–74, 125, 135, 156–57, 159, 161–64, 190, 240, 243, 248, 251, 256, 257 and passim. See also holiness teachings; Holiness teachings; reform and social reform; cf. listings for various vices
Moral Majority, 228, 239, 242–43
Mormons, 234, 242
Morrison, Charles Clayton, 175
Mount Hermon School, 34
Mullins, E. Y., 122, 216–17
multiculturalism, 256
Myers, Cortland, 81
Nation, 175
National Camp Meeting Association for the Promotion of Holiness, 74, 94
National Christian Association, 29, 31
nationalism and views of nation, 6, 11, 22, 49–50, 124–38 passim, 141–53, 207, 210–11, 228, 251
National Reform Association, 133, 266n.36
Nazarenes, 75
Nazis, views toward, 210
Needham, George, 37
neo-evangelicalism, 193, 228, 233–39
neo-orthodoxy, 194, 200
Netherlands, religion in, 18, 115, 320n.1
Nevin, John, 227
New England, dominance in American Protestantism, 22; influence on fundamentalism, 123, 269n.14 and passim. See also Puritanism
New Hampshire Confession, 167, 172
Newman, Albert H., 106
New Republic, 175
New Theology, 25–26, 33. See also liberalism, theological
Newton, Isaac, 121, 214
Niagara Bible Conference, 46, 51, 66, 93
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 148, 161, 169, 214
Nixon, Richard, 239
Noll, Mark, 250
Norris, J. Frank, 5, 161, 170, 190, 210, 237–38, 242
Northern Baptist Convention, 105–6, 127, 159–61, 165–68, 171–72, 177, 180–83, 191–93. See also Baptists (under which most references are to this group or its predecessors)
Northern Baptist Seminary, 108
Northfield conference, 31, 35, 38, 79, 133
Northfield schools, 34
Nyack Missionary College, 129, 202
Oberlin theology, 74–75, 82, 87
Old School Presbyterians, 44–45, 103, 110, 136, 186. See also Princeton theology
Orr, James, 122
Orthodox Presbyterian Church, 192, 315n.20
Our Hope, 125, 143–44, 148, 149–50, 156
Pace, E. J., 217–18
pacifism. See peace and pacifism
Paine, Thomas, 18
Paley, William, 16
Palmer, Phoebe, 74
Panin, Ivan, 217–18
Papacy, 17, 49, 67, 68, 150, 157. See also Roman Catholics, views toward
Parham, Charles F., 72, 93
Park, Edwards A., 25, 112
Parsons, Henry M., 46
Patrick, Saint, 81
patriotism, 239–40, 241, 248; World War I and, 135, 142, 146, 149. See nationalism and views of nation
peace and pacifism, 67, 129, 132–33, 142, 143–46, 149
Peake, A. S., 222
Pelagianism, 98, 130
Pentecost, 72, 75, 87
Pentecostals, 45, 61, 72, 73, 93–96, 194–95, 236, 321n.17, 328n.56
perfectionism, 73–75, 77–78, 87
Pew, J. Howard, 241
Philadelphia College of the Bible, 303n.5
Philadelphia Prophecy Conference (1918), 152
Phillips, Wendell, 83
Pierson, Arthur R., 46, 55–57, 80, 83, 95, 217
pietism, 4, 44, 89, 105, 195, 221, 225, 233, 235; social views contrasted with Calv
inism, 7, 86–87, 90, 92, 282n.4
Pilgrim Holiness Church, 75
Planck, Max, 215
Plymouth Brethren, 46, 70, 269n.10
politics, views of, 66–68, 83, 87–93, 120, 153–56, 160, 204, 206–11, 236, 241–42, 253; Religious Right and, 232, 234–35, 237, 239. See also democracy, views of; nationalism and views of nation; reform and social reform
postmillennialism, 27, 30–31, 63, 70, 86–88, 98, 135, 136, 142, 146, 153, 161, 232, 248, 270nn.4, 18; summary of, 49–51
posttribulationists, 271n.17
Potter, Charles Francis, 176, 306n.36
poverty, 14, 36–37, 80–82, 89, 128. See also reform and social reform
practical or pragmatic activism, 33, 35, 43–48, 78–80, 101, 134, 181, 256, 257, 267n.11, 328n.56; in modernism, 177
pragmatism, philosophical, 91–92, 122
premillennialism, 4, 30–31, 33, 38, 45, 48, 51, 97, 101, 135, 162, 168–69, 205, 215, 232, 248, 269n.11, 270n.4, 271n.12; liberal attacks on, 145–48, 166; and politics, 82–85, 90, 92, 208–11; and World War I, 142–53 passim. See also dispensational premillennialism
Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. (Northern Presbyterian; now United Presbyterian), 165, 172, 326n.38. See also Presbyterians (under which most references are to this group)
Presbyterians, 44, 46, 74, 83, 98–100, 104, 130, 131, 133, 142–43, 225, 243, 298n.53, 299n.10; in Canada. 179; controversies before World War I, 117–18; and fundamentalist controversies in Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 165, 166, 167, 172–75, 177, 180–81, 183–84, 191–93; Southern Presbyterians, 103, 165, 167, 179, 309n.14; views of culture, 134–38; views of intellect, 109–16; and World War I, 142–43
The Presbyterian, 98, 142–43, 153, 159, 168
Presbytery of New York, 172–74, 184, 192
pretribulationists, 271n.17
primitivism, 223–24, 226
Princeton theology, Princeton Theological Seminary, 5, 22, 45, 98–100, 107, 109–18, 122, 136–38, 148, 153, 174, 183, 192, 200, 266n.36. See also Hodge, Charles; Machen, J. Gresham; Warfield, Benjamin B.
printed word, 21, 61
progress, idea of, 11, 24, 48–50, 63, 67–68, 101, 134–35, 144. See also postmillennialism
prohibition, 13, 31, 35, 126, 128, 131, 132, 135, 169, 174, 190, 208, 232, 241, 284n.27, 302n.40. See also alcoholic beverages, opposition to
Promise Keepers, 253
prophecy. See dispensational premillennialism; postmillennialism; premillennialism
Protestant Episcopal Church. See Episcopelians
Puritanism, 7, 30, 31–32, 44, 46, 50, 60, 74, 86–87, 99, 104, 135, 162, 224, 240, 247, 273n.19
Quakers, 195
racism, 237, 246, 324n.14
Ramus, Petrus, 273n.19, 290n.12
the Rapture, 52, 93, 247, 271n.17
Rauschenbusch, Walter, 91–92, 105, 165
Reagan, Ronald, 238, 239, 242, 247
Rebman, Edith, 190
Record of Christian Work, 43
“Red Scare” (1919), 153. See also Bolshevism; communism, views toward
Reeve, J. J., 120
reform and social reform, 7, 12–14, 27–29, 31, 34, 36–37, 66–68, 80–93, 96–97, 125–26, 128, 131–35, 151–53, 162–63, 169–70, 204, 283n.19. See also politics, views of
Reformed theology and heritage. See Calvinism
Reid, Thomas, 15. See also Common Sense philosophy
religious militants, 251
Religious Right, 232, 234–35, 237, 239, 242, 247, 256–57, 324n.14, 327n.46
Renan, J. E., 18
Republican Party, 13, 90, 208, 210, 242, 247
rescue work, 80–85. See also poverty
Restoration Movement (among Disciples of Christ), 178
revivalism, 11–12, 30, 32–39, 43–48, 95–93, 223–25, 227, 232, 233, 238, 243, 252 and passim. See also evangelism
revival of 1857-1858, 11, 75, 82
Rice, John R., 194, 237–38
Riley, William B., 5, 31, 70, 127, 151–52, 158, 161, 169, 170, 172, 193, 210, 217, 237, 314n.17
Ritschl, Albrecht, 20
Roberts, Oral, 236, 254
Roberts, William H., 133
Robertson, Pat, 236, 237, 243, 248–49, 254
Robinson, James, 237
Rochester Theological Seminary, 165
Roe v. Wade, 245
Roman Catholics, views toward, 57, 66–67, 110–11, 126, 190, 191, 208, 210, 223, 234, 236, 242, 243, 263n.27. See also Papacy
Roman Empire, revival of, 52–53, 67, 126, 143, 155
romanticism, 23–24, 55–56, 226–27
Rood, Paul W., 189
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 210
Roosevelt, Theodore, 145
rural/urban themes, 184–89, 199–202, 205; views of cities, 66, 128
Rushdoony, Rousas J., 248, 328n.52
Russell, Bertrand, 145
Russellites, 147
Russia, views of, 143–44, 156
Sabbatarianism, 13, 35, 89, 120, 162, 190, 207, 262n.11
Salvation Army, 75, 83, 84, 94, 95–96, 180
sanctification. See holiness teachings
Sandeen, Ernest, 231
Sandison, George, 145
Sankey, Ira, 32, 34, 36, 38, 45, 48, 73, 79
Schaeffer, Francis, 245, 246, 328n.52
Schafly, Phyllis, 242
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 20, 112
Schmidt, Nathaniel, 105
Schwartz, Fred, 232
science, views toward, 7, 15, 18–21, 24, 26, 57–62, 65, 112, 120–21, 126, 169, 174, 209, 212–21, 226–27; modernist views of, 176–77, 255–56. See also Baconism; Darwinism; intellect, views of
Scofield, C. I., 37, 46, 51, 59–60, 63, 70, 72, 73, 79, 93, 97, 271n.17, 285n.30, 303n.5, 318n.8
Scofield Reference Bible, 119, 272n.17
Scopes, John, 185
Scopes trial, 6, 184–88, 212–14, 222, 325n.18
Scotland, 34, 122
Scottish and Scots-Irish heritage, 109–10, 204–5, 314n.14
Scottish Common Sense philosophy. See Common Sense philosophy
Scripture. See Bible, views toward
Scripture Numerics, 217–18
secular humanism, 244–47, 248
secularization, 49–50, 54, 102, 237, 239, 240, 242, 255, 270n.2, 328n.52
self-fulfillment, 253–55
separation from culture, 32, 36, 38–39, 124–31, 246
separation from major denominations, 71, 75, 180, 183, 192–93, 194–95, 228
separation of church and state, 135, 136, 208, 238, 245, 250–51, 283n.17
separatist fundamentalism, 233, 235, 236
sexuality, views on, 240, 241, 242, 243, 247, 254
sexual sins, 26, 36, 162
Seymour, W. J., 93
Sheldon, Charles M., 300n.22
Shields, T.T., 179–80, 182, 190–91, 314n.17, 316n.26
Shipley, Maynard, 189
Shuler, “Fighting” Bob, 238
Simpson, A. B., 83, 94, 129, 202
Sloan, Harold P., 178
Smith, Al, 208
Smith, Christian, 255, 322n.5, 323n.11, 329n.61–62
Smith, Gerald Birney, 105
Smith, Hannah Whitall, 75
Smith, Henry B., 227
Smith, Robert Pearsall, 75, 77
smoking, 156, 220, 228
Smyth, Egbert C., 104
social class and fundamentalism, 202–3, 255. See also middle class
Social Gospel, 81, 84, 91–93, 284n.29
socialism, 14, 89, 120, 126, 127, 208–10
social reform. See reform
“social religious meetings,” 45
soul saving. See evangelism; missions; revivalism; witnessing South, religion in, 103, 107, 167, 170, 172, 178–79, 185–86, 189, 194, 195, 236–39, 242, 244, 246, 247, 288n.2. 324n.14
Southern Baptists, 103, 165, 190, 194, 210, 216, 238, 239, 244, 309n.14, 321n.17
Southern Methodists, 103, 178–79, 288n.3
Southern Presbyterians, 103, 165, 167, 179, 309n.14
Spanish-American War, 151
Speer, Robert, 120, 122, 168, 283n.19
Spiritual filling, 73, 78, 87, 100, 253. See also holiness teachings
spiritual self-fulfillment, 253–55
Spurgeon, Charies, 84, 161, 222
Stearns, W. A., 17
Stewart, Lyman and Milton Stewart, 118–19, 144
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 22, 30
Straton, John Roach, 5, 107, 161–63, 170, 176, 188, 237, 299n.7, 302n.53
Strauss, D. F., 17
Strong, Augustus H., 107–8, 165–66, 168
Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn), 256
Student Volunteer Movement, 35, 97
Sunday, Billy, 5, 32, 96–97, 130–31, 135–36, 138, 142
Sunday Schools, 34, 222
Sunday School Times, 70, 96
supernaturalism, 55, 62–63, 108, 121, 224, 228
Supreme Kingdom, 189
Swedish Baptists, 195
The Sword of the Lord, 238
Taylor, Georgiana M., 76
Taylor, J. Hudson, 97
Taylor, Nathaniel, 74, 227
televangelism, 236, 242–43, 254
temperance. See alcoholic beverages, opposition to; prohibition
testimonies, personal. See witnessing
Theonomy, 248
Thomas, W. H. Griffith, 99, 120, 148, 168
Tolkien, J. R. R., 259
Torrey, Ruben, 37, 43–44, 46, 47–48, 60, 61, 73, 78–79, 81, 83, 93, 95, 118, 121, 129–32, 144–45, 212, 278n.34
Toy, Crawford H., 103
Transcendentalism, 23, 55–56
the tribulation, 52, 93, 271n.17
Trumbull, Charles G., 70, 96–97, 98–99, 120
The Truth, 71
Turretin, Francis, 110–11
Twain, Mark, 68
Tyng, Stephen H.: Jr., 61, 82; Sr., 82
Ulster, fundamentalism in. 320n.1
Union Theological Seminary (New York), 117, 209
United Church of Christ, 243
University of Chicago Divinity School, 105, 108, 145–48
Ussher’s chronology, 187
Van Osdel, Oliver W., 156–57
Vedder, H. C., 107
Victorianism, 13, 14, 21, 26, 33, 130–31, 202, 204–5
Vietnam War, 240, 248
Viguerie, Richard, 242
violence, as religious duty, 251
Virgin Birth, 104, 117, 171
Wacker, Grant, 238, 328n.56
Wallace, George, 237
Wanamaker, John, 83
Warfield, Benjamin B., 98–100, 103, 109, 113–16, 121, 136–37, 219, 291n.26
Warner, D. H., 81
Warren, Rick, 252–53
Warren, William F., 18
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